Principles of Government Systems and Types Explained
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Principles of
Government
Systems, Forms, and Types
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What are the similarities
and differences between
the many forms of
government including;
unitary, confederal,
federal, autocratic,
oligarchic, democratic,
parliamentary and
presidential?
Objectives
Learn the four essential features of a “state” (not a
“State”).
Learn the four theories about the origination of states
Understand the difference between unitary, confederal
and federal systems of government
Learn about the three major forms of government
Identify key characteristics of democratic government
“State” or “state?”
“State” (capitalized) refers to a
political subdivision of the
United States, such as the State
of Montana
“state” (lower case) refers to a
nation-state or country, such as
France or the United States
Theories on Origin of states
Divine right (God given right to rule)
Social contract (Society’s need for order)
Force theory (organize to resist enemies)
Evolutionary theory (extended family rule
became government)
Systems and Types of
Government
In order to study government, we first need
to look at the following:
Systems
: How is the Power distributed
Types
: Who rules and who participates
Systems
of government are
based on one question…
…How is the power distributed?
There are three ways governments
distribute power:
Unitary
Confederation
Federal
Unitary
One central
government controls
everything
Power is NOT shared
between states,
counties, or
provinces.
Examples: The United
Kingdom, France, the
Netherlands, and
Spain
Unitary Governments
Confederal
A voluntary
association of
independent states
that agrees to follow a
central government.
States can choose to
follow or not follow
the lead of the central
government
Examples: CSA,
Russian Federation
Federal
Power is shared by a
central government
States or Provinces
are given
considerable self-rule,
usually through their
own legislatures.
Examples, the United
States and Germany
Federal Governments
Systems of Government
Types
of government are based
on one question…
…Who governs and what is the citizenship
participation?
There are three types of government:
Autocracy
Oligarchy
Democracy
Autocracy
Government in which
the power to govern is
held by one person
Generally the power
to rule is inherited or
by military force
There are three types
of autocracy
Example: Iraq, and
Great Britain
Dictatorship- absolute
rule generally by force
Absolute Monarchy-
absolute rule inherited
through family ties
Constitutional
Monarchy-share
power with elected
officials, seen for as
figurehead with
limited to no power
Oligarchy
A government in
which a few people
such as a dominate
clan or clique hold all
the power
The group gets their
power through either
military, wealth, or
social status
Elections may be held
but offer only one
candidate
Examples: Greek-City
states, Russian
Federation.
Democracy
Ruled by the people
Individual freedom and
equality is valued
Free elections are held
Decisions are based on
majority rule
Citizens vote by secret
ballot
Example: the United
States
Two forms of
democracy
Direct Democracy
-
People vote on all
issues
Representative
Democracy
(Republic)- citizens
elect representatives
and give them the
power to vote on the
issues
Two Major Types of Democratic
Governments
P
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Voters elect members to
Parliament
House of Commons
-the
Political Party with the most
votes in the House of
Commons chooses the Prime
Minister, the government’s
leader with no set length of
term
House of Lords
: little power
with most members being
nobles having inherited their
titles
P
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Voters elect legislatures
Voter elect (indirectly) the
president
Therefore, in the
presidential system
voters have a more direct
say about those who
serve in two branches of
the government
Legislative
Executive
Explore the fundamental features of different government systems such as unitary, confederal, federal, autocratic, oligarchic, democratic, presidential, and parliamentary. Learn about the various forms of government, theories on the origin of states, and key characteristics of democratic government in this comprehensive overview.
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Presentation Transcript
Principles of Government Systems, Forms, and Types
Standard: SSCG 19 : Compare and contrast governments that are unitary, confederal, federal, autocratic, oligarchic, democratic, presidential and parliamentary. Essential Question What are the similarities and differences between the many forms of government including; unitary, confederal, federal, autocratic, oligarchic, democratic, parliamentary and presidential?
Objectives Learn the four essential features of a state (not a State ). Learn the four theories about the origination of states Understand the difference between unitary, confederal and federal systems of government Learn about the three major forms of government Identify key characteristics of democratic government
State or state? State (capitalized) refers to a political subdivision of the United States, such as the State of Montana state (lower case) refers to a nation-state or country, such as France or the United States
Theories on Origin of states Divine right (God given right to rule) Social contract (Society s need for order) Force theory (organize to resist enemies) Evolutionary theory (extended family rule became government)
Systems and Types of Government In order to study government, we first need to look at the following: Systems: How is the Power distributed Types: Who rules and who participates
Systems of government are based on one question How is the power distributed? There are three ways governments distribute power: Unitary Confederation Federal
Unitary One central government controls everything Power is NOT shared between states, counties, or provinces. Examples: The United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and Spain
Confederal A voluntary association of independent states that agrees to follow a central government. States can choose to follow or not follow the lead of the central government Examples: CSA, Russian Federation
Federal Power is shared by a central government States or Provinces are given considerable self-rule, usually through their own legislatures. Examples, the United States and Germany
Types of government are based on one question Who governs and what is the citizenship participation? There are three types of government: Autocracy Oligarchy Democracy
Autocracy Government in which the power to govern is held by one person Generally the power to rule is inherited or by military force There are three types of autocracy Example: Iraq, and Great Britain Dictatorship- absolute rule generally by force Absolute Monarchy- absolute rule inherited through family ties Constitutional Monarchy-share power with elected officials, seen for as figurehead with limited to no power
Oligarchy A government in which a few people such as a dominate clan or clique hold all the power The group gets their power through either military, wealth, or social status Elections may be held but offer only one candidate Examples: Greek-City states, Russian Federation.
Democracy Ruled by the people Individual freedom and equality is valued Free elections are held Decisions are based on majority rule Citizens vote by secret ballot Example: the United States Two forms of democracy Direct Democracy- People vote on all issues Representative Democracy (Republic)- citizens elect representatives and give them the power to vote on the issues
Two Major Types of Democratic Governments Parliamentary Voters elect members to Parliament House of Commons-the Political Party with the most votes in the House of Commons chooses the Prime Minister, the government s leader with no set length of term House of Lords: little power with most members being nobles having inherited their titles Presidential Voters elect legislatures Voter elect (indirectly) the president Therefore, in the presidential system voters have a more direct say about those who serve in two branches of the government Legislative Executive
