Polymers: Classification and Properties
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Professor of Environment & Energy
Minia University
Faculty of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department
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•
The
process
by
which
the monomer
molecules
are
linked
to
form
a
big
polymer
molecule
is
called
‘polymerization’.
•
Polymerization
is
a
process
of
bonding
monomer,
or
“single
units”
together
through
a
variety
of
reaction
mechanisms
to
form
longer chains
named
Polymer
•
As
important
as
polymers
are,
they
exist
with
monomers,
which
are
small,
single
molecules
such
as
hydrocarbons
and
amino
acids.
1.
By
Origin
2.
By
Monomer
3.
By
Thermal
Response
4.
By
Mode
Of
Formation
5.
By
Structure
6.
By
Application
&
Physical
Properties
7.
By
Tacticity
Natural
Polymers
Polymers
which
are
isolated
from
natural
materials
are
called
as
natural
polymers.
E.g.
Silk,
Wool,
Natural
rubber,
Cellulose,
Starch, Proteins
etc.
Semisynthetic
Polymers
The
polymers
obtained
by
simple
chemical
treatment
of
natural
polymers
to
improve
their
physical
properties
like
lustrous
nature,
tensile
strength
are
called
semisynthetic
polymers
E.g.
Cellulose acetate, Cellulose
nitrate
Synthetic
Polymers
Polymers
synthesized
in
laboratory from
low
molecular
weight
compounds,
are
called
as,
synthetic
polymers.
E.g.
Nylon,
Terylene,
Polyethylene,
Polystyrene,
Synthetic
rubber,
Nylon,
PVC, Bakelite,
Teflon
etc.
Homo
Polymers
A
polymer
consist
of
identical
monomers
is
called
homo
polymer.
E.g.
Polyethylene,
PVC,
Polypropylene,
Nylon
6
Co
Polymers
A
polymer
consist
of
monomers
of
different
chemical
structure
are
called
copolymers.
E.g.
Nylon
6,6
Thermoplastic
Polymers
They
are
easily
moulded
in
desired shapes
by
heating
and
subsequent
cooling
at
room
temperature.
They
are
soft
in
hot
and
hard
on
coding.
They
my
be
linear
or branched
chain
polymers
.
E.g.
PE,
PVC,
PS,
PP
Thermosetting
Polymers
This polymer is hard and infusible on
heating.
These are not soft on heating under pressure
and
they are not
remolded.
These are cross linked polymers and are
not
reused.
E.g.
Bakelite
Polymers are large molecules formed by joining many monomers together. The process, known as polymerization, creates long chains with unique structures. This article explores different classifications of polymers based on origin, monomers, thermal response, formation mode, structure, application, physical properties, and tacticity. Natural polymers sourced from materials like silk and wool are contrasted with semisynthetic polymers derived from chemical treatments of natural polymers. Dive into the world of polymers to grasp their significance in various industries.
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Presentation Transcript
Minia University Faculty of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department Classifications of Polymers By Prof. Wael Abdelmoez Professor of Environment & Energy
Polymers are very large molecules made when hundredsof monomers join together to form longchains. The word polymer comes from the Greek words poly (meaning many ) and meros (meaning parts ). Example: POL YETHYLENE = (ETHYLENE+ ETHYLENE+......)n Where n = 4,000
The small individual repeatingunits/molecules are known as monomers(means singlepart). Imagine that a monomer can be representedby the letter A. Then a polymer made of that monomer would have thestructure: -A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-
The process by which the monomermolecules are linked to form a big polymer molecule is called polymerization . Polymerization is a process of bonding monomer, or single units together through a variety of reaction mechanisms to form longer chains named Polymer Asimportant as polymers are, they exist with monomers, which are small, single molecules such as hydrocarbons and aminoacids.
1. ByOrigin 2. ByMonomer 3. By ThermalResponse 4. By Mode OfFormation 5. ByStructure 6. By Application & PhysicalProperties 7. ByTacticity
Natural Polymers Polymers which are isolated fromnatural materials are called as natural polymers. E.g. Silk, Wool, Natural rubber, Cellulose, Starch, Proteins etc.
NaturalRubber HeveaBrasiilensis
Semisynthetic Polymers The polymers obtained by simple chemical treatment of natural polymers to improve their physical properties like lustrous nature, tensile strength are called semisynthetic polymers E.g. Cellulose acetate, Cellulose nitrate
Synthetic Polymers Polymers synthesized in laboratory fromlow molecular weight compounds, are called as, synthetic polymers. E.g. Nylon, Terylene, Polyethylene, Polystyrene, Synthetic rubber, Nylon, PVC, Bakelite, Teflonetc.
Homo Polymers A polymer consistof identical called homo polymer. E.g. Polyethylene, PVC, Polypropylene, Nylon6 monomers is Co Polymers A polymer consist of monomers of different chemical structure are calledcopolymers. E.g. Nylon 6,6
Thermoplastic Polymers They are easily moulded in desired shapes by heating and subsequent cooling at roomtemperature. They are soft in hot and hard oncoding. They my be linear or branched chain polymers. E.g. PE, PVC, PS,PP
Thermosetting Polymers This polymer is hard and infusible on heating. These are not soft on heating under pressure and they are not remolded. These are cross linked polymers and are not reused. E.g. Bakelite
