Overview of Ports and Infrastructure in Eastern India

Ports play a crucial role in the economic development of Eastern India, comprising a vast hinterland rich in minerals and natural resources. The region faces challenges such as higher logistics costs, limited industrialization compared to the west and south, and geographical constraints impacting port operations. However, existing and proposed ports like Kolkata, Haldia, Paradip, Vishakhapatnam, and others are vital in facilitating trade and connectivity in the region.

• Ports
• Infrastructure
• Eastern India
• Economic Development
• Logistics

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1. PORTS OF THE EAST SANTOSH MOHAPATRA

2. IF INDIA WERE ONE COUNTRY DIVIDED ON BASIS OF PORT ACCESS WEST EAST SOUTH

3. THE EAST a large hinterland Covers 12 states fully (West Bengal,Odisha,Jharkhand,Chhatisgarh,Assam,Meg halay,Manipur,Tripura,Nagaland,Mizoram,Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh) and 4 states partially (Andhra pradesh,Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh)

4. THE EAST a land of rains, rivers and waterways Receives highest raifall (more than half the rain the country receives) Major Rivers (Ganga, Brahmaputra,Mahanadi, Godavari,Brahmani, Batarani,Subarnarekha) and Waterways (Four out of six National Waterways (I,II,V and VI)

5. THE EAST ..of minerals and mineral based industries Steel plants Aluminium plants Refineries Powerplants Iron Ore Coking Coal Non coking coal Buxite manganese Other minerals

6. THE EAST but less industrialised than west and south More core than down stream industries Less of containers and more of bulk, dry bulk and liquid cargo High cost of logistics 16% compared to national average of 12% and global 9% Less density of rail connectivity Perennial shortage of wagons

7. THE EAST the coastline Largely Esturian Deep sea goes farther as you move from south to north Together with lack of naturally deep locations, make ports cost intensive Other disadvantages tidal differene Cyclones Small ports are a difficult proposition

8. PORTS OF THE EAST FUNCTIONING AND PROPOSED KOLKATA HALDIASAGAR TAJPUR SUBARNAREKHA DHAMRA PARADIP ASTARANGA GOPALPUR BHAVANAPADU VISHAKHAPATNAM GANGAVARAM

9. THE PORTS (FUNCTIONING) KOLKATA HALDIA PARADIP VISHAKHAPATNAM 65 DHAMRA GANGAVARAM GOPALPUR 57 102 MT MT MT MT MT MT 22 20 1-2

10. THE PORTS (PROPOSED) SAGAR ISLAND PROMOTED BY GOI/GOWB TAJPUR -do- SUBARNAREKHA -do- ASTARANGA -do- BHAVNAPADU GOI/GOWB TATA STEEL NAVYUG -do- ADANI

11. CARGO DRIVERS NATIONAL STEEL POLICY 2017 300 MT OF STEEL WOULD MEAN 106 MT COKING COAL (even if is imported coal is reduced to 65% as envisaged) 85 MT LIMESTONE 18 MT STEEL TO BE EXPORTED 50 MT IRON ORE/PALLETS COASTAL TRANSPORT UNLOCKING OF COAL BLOCKS >100 MT COAL MAY GO BY COASTAL ROUTE INCREASE IN CONTAINER TRAFFIC CAUSE OF TRADE WITH ASIAN COUNTRIES

12. DEVELOPMENTS TO WATCH UNDERSTANDING WITH MARITIME NEIGHBOURS (BANGLADESH AND MYANMAR) CHINESE INITIATIVE IN THE REGION GOVERNMENTS ENCOURAGEMENT OF COASTAL TRANSPORT INLAND WATERWAYS- GOVT THRUST ON SAME SAGARMALA- PORT DRIVEN INDUSTRIALISATION

13. ISSUES TO RESOLVE CLOSE PROXIMITY AND MULTIPLICITY OF PORTS IN THE SAME AREA PORT CONNECTIVITY WAGONS WATERWAY SLURRY PIPE INDUSTRY LOCATION TO MINIMISE LOGISTICS