Overview of Fiber Chemical Composition and Types

Fibers consist of polymers made from simple molecules, with natural fibers like wool, silk, cotton, and linen having specific compositions including proteins, cellulose, and glucose. Man-made fibers like rayon and acetate are chemically altered cellulose, while synthetic fibers like nylon and polyester offer unique properties compared to natural fibers.

• Fibers
• Chemical composition
• Natural fibers
• Man-made fibers
• Synthetic fibers

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1. Chemical Composition of Fibers

2. Chemical Composition of Fibers Fibers are polymers: long chains made of simple molecules

3. Natural Fibers 1. Wool Polymer= Polypeptide chains (forming the protein keratin) Monomer= amino acids (one of which is cysteine . . .cysteine contains Sulfur) http://www.leydenglenlamb.com/photos.htm

4. Natural Fibers 1. Wool Polymer= Polypeptide chains (forming the protein keratin) Monomer= amino acids (one of which is cysteine . . .cysteine contains Sulfur) 2. Silk Polymer= protein Monomer= amino acids (but less of a variety than wool) http://entomology.unl.edu/images/silkworm/silkworm1.jpg

5. Natural Fibers 1. Wool Polymer= Polypeptide chains (forming the protein keratin) Monomer= amino acids (one of which is cysteine . . .cysteine contains Sulfur) 2. Silk Polymer= protein Monomer= amino acids (but less of a variety than wool) 3. Cotton Polymer= cellulose (plant) Monomer= glucose http://www.texaspolicecentral.com/Texas-Patriotism.php

6. Natural Fibers 1. Wool Polymer= Polypeptide chains (forming the protein keratin) Monomer= amino acids (one of which is cysteine . . .cysteine contains Sulfur) 2. Silk Polymer= protein Monomer= amino acids (but less of a variety than wool) 3. Cotton Polymer= cellulose (plant) Monomer= glucose 4. Linen Polymer= cellulose (flax plant) Longer chains than cotton which makes it brittle Monomer= glucose http://www.flowers-cs.com/flax.html

7. Man-made Fibers 1. Rayon Cellulose fiber, then chemically altered, burns like cotton 2. Acetate Made from a reaction between cellulose and acetic acid

8. Synthetic Fibers: Generic classification of synthetic fibers 1. Polyamides linked by amino group Example: Nylon Stronger and more chemically inert than natural fibers Image from: http://www.imageenvision.com/collection/fitness.html

9. Synthetic Fibers: Generic classification of synthetic fibers 1. Polyamides linked by amino group Example: Nylon Stronger and more chemically inert than natural fibers 2. Polyesters linked by ester group Stronger linkage than polyamides Linkage can be linear (flexible) or cross- linked (rigid) Image from: http://www.imageenvision.com/collection/fitness.html

10. Synthetic Fibers: Generic classification of synthetic fibers 1. Polyamides linked by amino group Example: Nylon Stronger and more chemically inert than natural fibers Polyesters lined by ester group Stronger linkage than polyamides Linkage can be linear (flexible) or cross-linked (rigid ) 3. Spandex structurally similar to polyamide Made of segments of polyurethane connected to long segments of polyesters Resulting spandex can stretch up to 600 times and recover original strength 2. http://www.fingerpainrelief.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/RUBBER-BAND-300x198.jpg http://www.fingerpainrelief.com/rubber-band-therapy-for-finger-pain/

11. Video clips on slide two click on the two pictures within the chain Clip 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmlunCbBV_o&f eature=related If link is broken, go to YouTube and search Oil Absorbing Polymer Clip 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWoQ3D6RMXs &feature=related If link is broken, go to YouTube and search Spangler's Polymer Experiment on The Ellen Show