Overview of Buses and Motor Coaches in Tourism Transport
This content provides an introduction to buses and motor coaches in tourism transport, discussing different types of vehicles like buses, motor coaches, minibusses, and trolleybuses. It also delves into the various services offered, including regular, special regular, and occasional services. Moreover, it outlines the institutional framework surrounding drivers' hours, both in the EU and the USA.
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Introduction to Tourism Transport Tourism Transport Introduction to SVEN GROSS LOUISA KLEMMER
Chapter 5 Buses and Motor Coaches
Buses and Motor Coaches bus: passenger road motor vehicle designed to carry more than 24 persons (including the driver), and with provision to carry seated as well as standing passengers (Glossary of Transport Statistics, 2009) motor coach: passenger road motor vehicle designed to seat 24 or more persons (including the driver) and constructed exclusively for the carriage of seated passengers (Glossary of Transport Statistics, 2009) minibus: passenger road motor vehicle designed to carry 10 23 seated or standing persons (including the driver) (Glossary of Transport Statistics, 2009) trolleybus: a mode of transit service using vehicles propelled by a motor drawing current from overhead wires via connecting poles called a trolley poles from a central power source not on board the vehicle (APTA, 2011)
Types of Bus Service and the North American Industrial Classification (NAICS) Types of bus service Regular services Special regular services Occasional services - school and employee bus transportation - other ground passenger transportation (shuttle) - charter bus industry - scenic/sightseeing transportation - urban transit systems - interurban and rural bus transportation Source: compiled by the author
Institutional Framework Current limits on drivers' hours as specified by EU rules as of 2011 Source: Vehicle & Operator Services Agency, 2011
Institutional Framework Federal regulations regarding the maximum hours for bus and coach drivers in the USA No motor carrier shall permit or require any driver used by it to drive a passenger-carrying commercial motor vehicle, nor shall any such driver drive a passenger-carrying commercial motor vehicle: More than 10 hours following 8 consecutive hours off duty; or For any period after having been on duty 15 hours following 8 consecutive hours off duty. No motor carrier shall permit or require a driver of a passenger-carrying commercial motor vehicle to drive, nor shall any driver drive a passenger- carrying commercial motor vehicle, regardless of the number of motor carriers using the driver's services, for any period after having been on duty 60 hours in any 7 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier does not operate commercial motor vehicles every day of the week; or having been on duty 70 hours in any period of 8 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier operates commercial motor vehicles every day of the week
Demand Passenger Transport by Bus and Coach 130 125 120 115 110 EU 105 OECD 100 ITF 95 90 85 80 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: OECD, 2011
Demand EU-27 performance by mode for passenger transport 5000 1000 4500 900 Scale for other modes in thoudsand mio. p-km 4000 800 3500 700 Passenger Cars scale 3000 600 2500 500 2000 400 1500 300 1000 200 500 100 0 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Powered 2-wheelers Buses & Coaches Railways Tram & Metro Air Sea Passenger Cars Source: Eurostat, 2012
Supply Suppliers of coach tourism Suppliers of coach tourism Original suppliers of coach tourism products Other suppliers (non-touristic) Tour operators DB AG Traditional tour operators Bus companies Sales companies (promotional trips) e.g. Greyhound e.g. TUI, Thomas Cook Special tour operators, e.g. for study trips (Studiosus, STA Travel) Bus tour operators Trade chains e.g. Diamond Tours Associations Source: Adapted from Pompl, 1997
Supply Percentage of service provided by coach operators Airport shuttle 3% Sightseeing 2% Special operations 4% Tour 8% Commuter 10% Charters 46% Scheduled 27% Source: Nathan Associates Inc., 2008
