Methods of Data Collection and Analysis in Research

M ethods of D ata C ollection Dr. Faruk Mallick Assistant Professor Department of Geography Saheed Anurup Chandra Mahavidyalaya

Data It It is is the variables, variables, then the information information gathered then observing, observing, analysing gathered by analysing and by a a researcher researcher on and interpreting interpreting the on relevant relevant the results results. .

Types of Data Primary Primary Data original original in in character Data: : They character. . They are are collected collected for for the the first first time time and and are are Secondary Secondary Data Data: : They They have have already already been been collected collected by by someone someone else else and and are are passed passed through through the the statistical statistical process process. .

Data Collection It It is is a a process sources sources to to find the the outcomes outcomes. . process of of collecting find answers answers to to the collecting information information from the research research problem from all problem and all the and evaluate evaluate the relevant relevant

Things to take into consideration Which data to collect? Which data to collect? How to collect Data? How to collect Data? When to Collect Data? When to Collect Data? Who to collect Data? Who to collect Data?

Collection of Primary Data Experiments Experiments Surveys Surveys Interviews Interviews Observation Observation Questionnaires Questionnaires Schedules Schedules

Observation Method It is the method under which the data from the field is collected It is the method under which the data from the field is collected with the help of observation by observer or by personally going with the help of observation by observer or by personally going to field. to field.

Types of Observation Method Classification-I Structured Structured Observation characterized characterized by particular particular style style of of recording Observation : : It It is is when by careful careful definition definition of of units recording them them under when the units to to be under standard standard conditions the observation observation is is be observed, conditions. . observed, Unstructured Unstructured Observation without without any any thought Observation : : It It is is when thought process process and when the and planning planning. . the observation observation is is carried carried

Types of Observation Method Classification-II Participant Participant Observation group group which which he Observation : : When he is is observing observing. . When the the observer observer is is member member of of the the Non Non Participant Participant Observation people people without without giving Observation : : When giving any any information information to to them When the the observer observer is is observing them. . observing

Types of Observation Method Classification-III Controlled Controlled Observation according according to to prearranged Observation : : When prearranged plans When the plans with the observation observation is is taking with experimental experimental procedure taking place procedure. . place Uncontrolled Uncontrolled Observation naturally naturally and and spontaneously Observation : : When spontaneously. . When the the observation observation is is taking taking place place

Advantages of Observation Method Large Large quantities quantities of of data This This technique technique can All All data data are are useful Large Large quantity quantity of of Data data obtained obtained. . can be be start start or or stopped stopped any any time time. . useful. . Data produced produced. .

Disadvantages of Observation Method Extensive Extensive training Limited Limited information information. . Expensive Expensive method training is is required required. . method. .

Steps for an effective Observation Determination Determination of of what what to to observe observe Selection Selection of of Participant Participant Conduction Conduction Compilation Compilation of of data data Analyzing Analyzing data data Interpretation Interpretation of of data data

Collection of Secondary Data Publications of the central, state are local governments Publications of the central, state are local governments Publications of foreign governments or of international Publications of foreign governments or of international bodies bodies Books, magazines and newspapers Books, magazines and newspapers Public records and Statistics Public records and Statistics Historical documents Historical documents

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