Challenges and Strategies in Solid Waste Collection in Urban Areas
Collection
of
S.W
Collection in urban area
is
difficult
and complex
because:
1.
Generation of residential. Commercial.
And Industrial
S.W is a
diffuse
process.
2.
Collection take
place
in
every
house, every commercial and
Industrial
as
well
as
in
street, park, and
vacant
area.
3.
G
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
p
a
tt
e
r
n
s
b
e
c
o
me
m
o
r
e
di
ff
u
se
a
n
d
q
u
a
nt
i
ti
e
s
generated
increase.
4.
Collection
should
be
continuous and
at
high
frequencies.
5.
Collection service
is
of high cost
and
account
60-80
%
of total
cost
management.
6.
This functional
element
of intimate contact
between
the
municipality and community
so
public
attitude should
be
considered.
Collection
operation:
as
such
service
is
complex
and
expensive
(cost of
labour,
Machinery and
fuel)
So,
In
formation concerning collection
should
be
available and can
be
presented in
four
parts:
a.
The
types
of collection services
that
are
provided (HCS,
SCS).
b.
T
h
e
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
c
o
ll
e
c
ti
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
ms
(
e
qu
i
pm
e
n
t
a
n
d
l
a
b
o
u
r
requirement)
c.
Analysis
of collection
system.
d.
S
o
me
o
f
th
e
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
t
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
o
f
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
t
o
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
collection operation.
1
Collection
service:
Collection of
S.W
can
be
defined
as a
gathering or picking
up
of
S.W
from various sources and
the
hauling of these
wastes
to the
location
where
the
contents of the collection vehicle are emptied
including the unloading of these
vehicles.
Picking up of waste activities varies
with
the characteristics of
the
facilities, locations of
generated
wastes,
the
ways
and
means
used
for
the
on site of
accumulated wastes
and
on
the nature of
the
wastes.
Municipal wastes collection
services:
For
low rise, detached dwelling collect service used
are:
1.
Curb
side pick
up
service
:
in this
type
of service
is
that
container
must be
placed
by the
homeowner
at the
curb
or in the
alley
if
alley collection. The
homeowner
also
responsible for
returning the empty container
to
their storage
location.
-
This service
gives
to
each
homeowner
relatively uniform amount
of
services.
-
It
eliminate the
need for collectors
to
enter private
property.
-
Many citizen dislike having their
wastes
to be
set out
at
certain
time, they object unsightly appearance on the
street.
-
It
require
1
driver and
1
or
2
crews
to empty
container in
the
collection
vehicle.
-
It
is
possible
for
the
crews
to
collect
from
both
sides of the
street.
-
It
is
quickest
and
more
economical service
(
low
cost).
2
3
2.
Alley
service
.
Alley
(narrow
road serving houses) are
part
of acity
planning.
Alley storage of containers
may be
for individual house or common
storage
for
many
housed.
Collection crew
are
responsible
for
empty container
content
into collection vehicle and returning
empty
container
to
its
storage
location.
3.
Set
out – set
back
service.
It
does
require the
collector
to
enter
private
property.
It
consist
of:
a.
The
collector
(
set out
crew)
caries
the
full container from the
resident storage
location
to
the
curb
or
alley
before
the
collection
vehicle
arrives.
b.
The
collector
crew
loads
the
refuse
in
the collection
vehicle.
c.
The set
back
crew returns the
empty
containers
to
their
storage
location.
4.
Back
yard
pick
up (carry)
service
.
The collector crew
is
responsible
for
entering
the
residents
property and
remove
the
wastes
from
their
storage location
using
different methods for that
such
as:
Wheeled
caddy or
the use
of burlap carry cloth and carry them
to
the collection
vehicle
and dump
it.
It
require
2-5
crews,
1
driver
so it is
costly
and
need longer
time
for
collection.
4
Methods of
loading
the collection
vehicle:
May be
classified
as
either
Manual or mechanical
depending
on
the
collection
vehicle:
A-
loading
of residential waste
include:
-
The direct
lifting
and carry of container
and
dumping into
vehicle.
-
The rolling of loaded containers
on
their rim
(when they
are
heavy).
-
The
use
of
small
lifts
for
rolling
the
container
to
the collection
vehicle.
-
The
use
of large container or drop
clothes
in
which
wastes
from
small
container are emptied
before
being
carried
to
collection
vehicles.
B-
commercial
and
industrial
service
:
Also for
medium
and
high rise
building.
-
Usually
they
are
use
large mobile or stationary container
with
large compactor. The containers
usually
provided
with
rollers.
They are
rolled manually
to the
collection
vehicle
and emptied
mechanically
and
return then
to
their storage
location.
Collection
System:
-
Collection procedure require to
satisfy:
1.
Demand
of public
approach.
2.
Municipal
economy.
3.
Public
health
and
environmental
requirement.
Collection system to be well organized
require.
1.
Selection
of trained
labour.
5
2.
Purchasing
suitable vehicle, equipment.
3.Planning collection
route.
4.Public attitude satisfaction.
Collection system types:
can
be
classified
1.
The
mode
of operation
which
mostly related
to
the storage
container
types.
2.
The
equipment
used.
3.
The
type
of
wastes collected.
collection
systems
according to the
mode
of
operation.
1.
Hauled
Container
System.
HCS
2.
Stationary
Container
System.
SCS
1.Hauled
container
system
(HCS)
-
Can
be
defined
as the
system
in
which containers
used for
the
storage of waste are hauled
to the disposal
site, emptied and
returned
to
either
there original location or
some other
location.
For
this the
container
usually of
the
roll-off
large containers
located in areas of high
generation
rates.
2.Stationary container
system
(SCS):
Containers used
for
the storage of
S.W
(
usually of
small
size)
remain
at
the
point
of generation
except for
occasional short trip
to
the
vehicle
(collection
vehicle).
Solid waste collection in urban areas is complex due to the diffuse nature of waste generation, varied collection locations, increased quantities of waste, high costs, and the need for continuous service. Different collection methods and systems such as curbside pick-up, alley service, set-out set-back service, and backyard pick-up exist to address these challenges. Efficient waste loading into collection vehicles can be done manually or mechanically, depending on the type of waste being collected.
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Presentation Transcript
Collection of S.W Collection in urban area is difficult and complex because: 1.Generation of residential. Commercial. And Industrial S.W is a diffuse process. 2.Collection take place in every house, every commercial and Industrial as well as in street, park, and vacant area. 3.Generation patterns become more diffuse and quantities generated increase. 4.Collection should be continuous and at high frequencies. 5.Collection service is of high cost and account 60-80 % of total cost management. 6.This functional element of intimate contact between the municipality and community so public attitude should be considered. Collection operation: as such service is complex and expensive (cost of labour, Machinery and fuel) So, In formation concerning collection should be available and can be presented in four parts: a.The types of collection services that are provided (HCS, SCS). b.The types of collection systems (equipment and labour requirement) c. Analysis of collection system. d.Some of the Advanced techniques of analysis to evaluate collection operation. 1
Collection service: Collection of S.W can be defined as a gathering or pickingup of S.W from various sources and the hauling of these wastes to the location where the contents of the collection vehicle are emptied including the unloading of these vehicles. Picking up of waste activities varies with the characteristics of the facilities, locations of generated wastes, the ways and means used for the on site of accumulated wastes and on the nature of the wastes. Municipal wastes collection services: For low rise, detached dwelling collect service used are: 1. Curb side pick up service: in this type of service is that container must be placed by the homeowner at the curb or in the alley if alley collection. The homeowner also responsible for returning the empty container to their storagelocation. -This service gives to each homeowner relatively uniform amount of services. - It eliminate the need for collectors to enter private property. -Many citizen dislike having their wastes to be set out at certain time, they object unsightly appearance on the street. -It require 1 driver and 1 or 2 crews to empty container in the collection vehicle. - It is possible for the crews to collect from both sides of the street. - It is quickest and more economical service ( low cost). 2
2. Alley service . Alley (narrow road serving houses) are part of acity planning. Alley storage of containers may be for individual house or common storage for many housed. Collection crew are responsible for empty container content into collection vehicle and returning empty container to its storage location. 3. Set out set backservice. It does require the collector to enter private property. It consist of: a.The collector ( set out crew) caries the full container from the resident storage location to the curb or alley before the collection vehicle arrives. b. The collector crew loads the refuse in the collection vehicle. c.The set back crew returns the empty containers to their storage location. 4. Back yard pick up (carry)service. The collector crew is responsible for entering the residents property and remove the wastes from their storage location using different methods for that such as: Wheeled caddy or the use of burlap carry cloth and carry them to the collection vehicle and dump it. It require 2-5 crews, 1 driver so it is costly and need longer time for collection. 3
Methods of loading the collection vehicle: May be classified as either Manual or mechanical depending on the collection vehicle: A- loading of residential waste include: - The direct lifting and carry of container and dumping into vehicle. - The rolling of loaded containers on their rim (when they are heavy). - The use of small lifts for rolling the container to the collection vehicle. - The use of large container or drop clothes in which wastes from small container are emptied before being carried to collection vehicles. B- commercial and industrial service : Also for medium and high rise building. - Usually they are use large mobile or stationary container with large compactor. The containers usually provided with rollers. They are rolled manually to the collection vehicle and emptied mechanically and return then to their storage location. Collection System: - Collection procedure require to satisfy: 1. Demand of public approach. 2. Municipal economy. 3. Public health and environmental requirement. Collection system to be well organized require. 1. Selection of trained labour. 4
2. Purchasing suitable vehicle, equipment. 3.Planning collection route. 4.Public attitude satisfaction. Collection system types: can be classified 1.The mode of operation which mostly related to the storage container types. 2. The equipment used. 3. The type of wastes collected. collection systems according to the mode of operation. 1. Hauled Container System. HCS 2. Stationary Container System. SCS 1.Hauled container system (HCS) - Can be defined as the system in which containers used for the storage of waste are hauled to the disposal site, emptied and returned to either there original location or some other location. For this the container usually of the roll-off large containers located in areas of high generation rates. 2.Stationary container system (SCS): Containers used for the storage of S.W ( usually of small size) remain at the point of generation except for occasional short trip to the vehicle (collection vehicle). 5
