Adoption of Electronic Data Collection Technologies in Population Census Planning
Presentation by Jimmy Mukasa at a UN Regional Workshop focusing on the adoption of electronic data collection technologies for the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses. The discussion includes past experiences, future plans, advantages of using Computer-Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI), challenges of multimode data collection methods, and environmental benefits of electronic data collection. Insights are shared on device procurement, staffing, cost benefits, time savings, quality improvements, and environmental friendliness.
- Electronic Data Collection
- Population Census Planning
- CAPI Advantages
- Technology Adoption
- Environmental Benefits
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Presentation Transcript
SESSION 11 SESSION 11 PLANNING FOR THE ADOPTION OF ELECTRONIC DATA COLLECTION TECHNOLOGIES as presented By Jimmy MUKASA Director of ICT Unit @ NISR During UN Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies at Dar-es-Salaam, Republic of Tanzania from 29 May to 1 June 2017
PAST EXPERIENCE AND PLAN: 700 Devices in use under 3 surveys: EICV5, USAS, CPI Do not trust time when it comes to procurement PLAN: 28,000 smart phones to be acquired for 2022 Rwanda Housing and Population Census. Estimated cost on a later slide After, these can be used as follows: Used for CRVS and other administrative data capture Given to enumerators at lower price Sold on auction Used by another country This will be decided later Staffing: Mixture of IT and NON-IT in teams
USE OF MULTIMODE DATA COLLECTION METHOD: Problematic due to disparities in raw data Enumerators have backup questionnaire to use in case of abrupt technical problem of the digital device in current surveys Even this might be impractical for census
ADVANTAGES OF USING CAPI ADVANTAGES OF USING CAPI: Cost Time Quality Environmental friendly
ADVANTAGES: Cost benefits Printing of not only questionnaires but (colored) maps Transport of questionnaire back to central office Scanning/data entry: clerks salary, computers, room Storage space (often forgotten but more costly)
ADVANTAGES: Time benefits No data entry period Analysis starting No much cleanings and all those struggles
ADVANTAGES: Quality benefits (Cost effectiveness less cost ) Quality check control Enumerator GPS control Quick feedback User group with same devices Possibility of modifying questionnaires live
ADVANTAGES: Environmental friendly Paper industry pollute the air using protective matter as raw material Printing machines are pollutant (there are other emissions we do not see from the machines) and ink cartridges is pollutant during both production and consumption Vehicle transporting papers are pollutant
ADVANTAGES: Confidence and cooperation of interviewed: Interrogated people are worried about the confidentiality of the information. When digital devices are used interviewed have expressed the augmented trust on information control.
DISADVANTAGES: oJobless data entry clerks: how to solve it oManagement of devices against theft and damage oAnonymity and confidentiality at loss of device oData backup oExtra time at training session oExtra technical assistance or training of data capture form programmer oHigher budget at beginning oPlan to share devices between survey for cost effectiveness
HARDWARE SPECS DESIGN: NOT THAT MUCH EASY; DO NOT GO HIGHER THAT NEEDED Operating system: Android vs Windows vs IOS Processor: not an issue Screen size (smart phone vs tablet) RAM size: decisive factor Screen protection: very important Power bank: yes vs no ?? GPS accuracy: should be as much high as possible Camera resolution: should be low!
Sample technical specification: Tablet for National Labor Force Survey MINIMUM Technical Specification for Tablet Computers Quantity: 150 Processor: CPU: Quad-core 1.3 GHz, GPU: To be specified by bidder Memory: RAM Size (GB): 2 GB; Storage: 4 GB OS: Android latest version Display: 7"-11" range, touchscreen with keyboard, 1200 x 800 pixels resolution Battery: Supports 10 hours of average usage e.g. data collection and transmission using CSEntry Communication: Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n; Bluetooth 4.0; 2G GSM; 3G WCDMA/HSPA/HSPA+, LTE, USB data transfer, USB charge Navigation: Imbedded Geographic Positioning System (GPS) with assistance (A-GPS) Imbedded cameras: Rear: 5 MP, LED Flash, Geo-tagging, autofocus, HDR; Front: 2 MP Accessories: Cover, Glass screen protector and power charger; to be specified by bidder Weight: To be specified by bidder Operating temperature and altitude: Rwanda environment
SOFTWARE DESIGN AND STAFF CAPACITY Involves outsourcing of experts to code the questionnaire Surveys need more expertise but censuses may be handled by local staff with experience in data entry application design using windows Rwanda signed contract with US Census bureau for training on CSPro for Android among else and the conduction of training sessions have just started this month NISR hired an expert to assist in developing CAPI applications and he is tasked also to conduct training to data processing officer; One question per screen vs several PHP, etc ; CSPro vs ODK vs WB Survey solution: With CSEntry, CSPro still rocks.
SUMMARY HARDWARE PLANNING SUYVEY HIGH LOW CENSUS LOW HIGH SIZE OF HARDWARE I.E UNIT COST NUMBER OF DEVICES This: 1. Balances budget for the two cases 2. Impacts so much management of devices the fate after use Server specification: Datasets are light, mind rather about power and connectivity 24/7 availability:: Use of cloud VM or Laptop PC.
SUMMARY HARDWARE PLANNING RAM SIZE; Screen size 1 GB; 5.5 2 GB; 8.3 ESTIMATED UNIT PRICE IN USD +Accessories 80 300 TYPICAL USE Establishment Census; CRVS Labor Force Survey, Housing and Population Census EICV, DHS, SAS 3 GB; 8.3 550 Cost estimate for 2022 HPC: 8.4 Million USD, therefore need for redesign to lower the cost
ACQUISITION OF HARDWARE: BUYING VS HIRING Hiring is difficult because suppliers do not have that under their business plan and customers trust very less second hand gadgets Buying leads to: 1. Keeping 2. Selling 3. Transferring Either way care must be taken to secure data confidentiality
HARDWARE MANAGEMENT: Screen protector Dedicated ICT staff for management and monitoring Use of tracking tools to fight theft Cooperation with police anti cyber crime unit Contract article binding enumerator to pay loss and damage
PLANNING FOR DATA TRANSMISSION: CENTRAL SERVER AND NETWORKING Send by Bluetooth for Local verification and concatenation in case of enumerators in teams Public IP and the service provider Which FTP server software One server vs several Public vs private data center cloud Internal transfer and access Backup
PLANNING FOR DATA TRANSMISSION: CENTRAL SERVER AND NETWORKING ENUMERATOR 1: Use of Bluetooth 2: Use of GSM, 2G can do the work with difficulty 3: Use of Intranet or Extranet 3 1 TEAM LEADER 2 CENTRAL OFFICE DATA PROCESSING SERVER CENTRAL DOWNLOAD /UPLOAD SERVER
DATA SECURITY: CIA FTP Offer encryption Service provider can set VPN Configure strong firewall settings especially at the central server OS level Research on how to remotely delete or encrypt data upon device theft, difficult but possible to keep it encrypted on the handheld device before device theft
INTEGRATION OF MAPS EA Maps are available and updated on download/upload server folder ready for download by devices the same way as they update application
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION!
