Manufacturing Processes and Industries
Introduction
to
Manufacturing
Process
PRESENTED
BY-
•
NILAMBAR
DAS
•
SANKHA
SUBHRA
DATTA
•
SOUPAYAN
BANERJEE
Contents
Definition
Types
of
Manufacturing
Types
of
Industries
Types
of
Manufacturing
Operations
What
is
JIT?
Kanban
System
Definition
What
is
“
Manufacturing
”?
“the
process
of
converting
Raw
materials
into
products.”
The
word “manufacturing”
is
delivered
from
the
Latin
manu
factus
,
meaning
made
by
hand.
“the
conversion
of
stuff
into
things”
–
(by
DeGramon,
1998)
“economic
terms
for
making
goods
and
services
available
to
satisfy
customer”
–
(by
T.
Black,
1991)
Types
of
Manufacturing
Manufacturing
can
be
defined
two
ways:
Technology
–
This
process
to
accomplish
manufacturing
involve
a
combination
of
machinery,
tools,
power
and
manual
labor.
Manufacturing
also
includes
the
assembly
of
multiple
parts
to
make
products.
Man
u
fact
u
r
i
n
g
Process
Raw
Materials
P
ro
d
u
ct
Profit
Machinery
T
oo
li
n
g
Pow
e
r
Labor
Economic
–
Manufacturing
is
the
transformation
of
materials
into
items
of
greater
value
by
means
one
or
more
processing
involve.
Therefore,
manufacturing
is
“added
value”
to
the
material.
-
“Add
e
d
V
a
l
u
e
”
–
by
c
ha
n
g
i
ng
the
m
a
teria
l
’s
shape
o
r
propert
i
e
s
o
r
by
combining
it
with
other
materials
that
have
been
similarly
altered.
Material
in
processing
Starting
Material
Processed
Material
M
a
n
u
fact
u
r
i
ng
Process
Value
a
d
ded
Types
of
Industries
MANU
F
ACTURING
INDUSTRIES
SECON
D
ARY
INDUSTRY
PRIMARY
INDUSTRY
TERTIARY
INDUSTRY
PRIMARY
INDUSTRY
•
Agriculture
•
Forestry
•
Fishing
•
Livestock
•
Mining
•
Petroleum
SECONDARY
INDUSTRY
•
Aerospace
•
Automotive
•
Building
materials
•
Chemicals
•
Computers
•
Electronics
•
Pharmaceuticals
•
Textile
•
Wood
&
fur
n
it
u
re
TERTIARY
INDUSTRY
•
Banking
•
Communication
•
Education
•
Entertainment
•
Financial
services
•
Government
•
Hotel
•
Insurance
•
Restaurant
•
Transportation
•
Tourism
•
Real
estate
Types
of
Manufacturing
Operator
1.
Project
–
1
to
10
units
2.
Job
shop
–
10
to
100
units
3.
Batch
–
100
to
10,000
units
4.
Mass
–
Above
10,000
units
Production Quantity:
number
of
unit
produced
annually
of
a
particular
product
type.
Product
Variety:
different
product
designs
or
types
that
are
produced in
the
plant.
[Low
Production]
[Medium
Production]
[High
Production]
1.
Project
Product
position
–
remains
stationary
during
the
manufacturing
process
–
size,
weight,
location
of
the
product.
Materials,
people,
machinery
are
brought
to
the
product
or
product
site.
Based
on
customer
specifications.
Example:
bridge,
building
construction,
aircraft,
ships,
locomotive.
2.
Job
Shop
Low
v
o
l
u
me
a
n
d
prod
u
ction
qu
a
n
tit
i
e
s
ca
l
led
lo
t
s
i
zes
wit
h
h
i
g
h
prod
u
ct
variety.
Satisfies
a
market
for
nonstandard
or
unique
product.
Require
high
skill
levels
labor
–
to
operate
a
variety
of
equipments.
A
short
duration
activities
to
provide
custom
goods.
Example:
space
vehicles,
reactor
vessels,
turbines,
aircraft
component.
3.
Batch
Batch
production
produce
or
process
any
product
in
groups
which
is
called
“batches”.
Can
produce
a
variety
of
products
–
opposed
to
a
continuous
production
process,
or
a
one
time
production.
Use
ful
for
industr
i
e
s
that
ma
k
e
s
seas
o
n
al
items
\
prod
u
cts
f
or
wh
i
c
h
i
t
is
difficult
to
forecast
the
demand.
Example:
similar
standard
items
made
periodically
in
batches;
bakery,
paint,
hand
tools.
4.
Mass
Also
known
as
flow
production,
repetitive
flow
production,
series
production.
Machinery (e.g.:
robots,
machine
press)
that
is
needed
to
set
up
the
mass
production
line
is
so
expensive.
Involved
fewer
labor
cost
and
a
faster
rate
of
production.
Plant
and
equipments
are
arranged
in
a
flow
line
layout.
Example:
light
bulbs,
refrigerator,
TV.
What
is
Just
In
Time
(JIT)?
Raw
materials,
parts
&
components
are
delivered
to
the
manufacturer
just
in
time
to
used,
parts
&
components
are
produced
JIT
to
be
made
into
subassemblies
&
assemblies,
and
products
are
finished
JIT
to
be
delivered
to
the
customer.
JIT
is
also
known
as
“Pull
System”.
It
tends
to
simplify
and
break
the
whole
system
into
small,
autonomous
units.
Benefits
of
JIT:
Low
inventory
–
carrying
cost.
Reduced
inspection
and
reworking
of
parts.
High
quality
products
made
at
low
cost.
Reduction
of:
20%
to
40%
in
product
cost.
60%
to
80%
in
inventory.
Up
to
90%
in
rejection
rates.
90%
in
lead
times.
50%
in
scrap
&
rework.
Kanban
System
Integrated
with
the
implementation
of
JIT
concept.
Kanban
–
means
“visible
record”.
Originally
consisted
of
two
types
of
cards:
o
Production
Card:
authorizes
the
production
of
one
container
or
cart
of
identical,
specified
parts
at
a
workstation.
o
Conveyance\move
card:
authorizes
the
transfer
of
one
container
or
cart
of
parts
from
that
particular
w/station
to
the
w/station
where
the
parts
will
be
used.
The
cards
contain
information
on:
I.
Types
of
parts.
II.
Location
where
issued.
III.
Part
number.
IV.
Number
of
items
in
container.
References
SlideShare
[https://
www.slideshare.net/juffrizal/lecture-01-introduction-to-
manufacturing]
Wikipedia
[www
.
wikipedia.net]
THANK
YOU
Explore the world of manufacturing with insights into the definition, types of manufacturing, economic aspects, industries, and production strategies. Learn about the transformation of raw materials into valuable products, the role of technology in manufacturing, and different types of industries involved. Discover the various manufacturing processes from low to high production levels and their impact on product quantity and variety.
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Presentation Transcript
Introduction to Manufacturing Process PRESENTEDBY- NILAMBARDAS SANKHA SUBHRADATTA SOUPAYANBANERJEE
Contents Definition Types of Manufacturing Types of Industries Types of ManufacturingOperations What isJIT? KanbanSystem
Definition What is Manufacturing ? the processof convertingRawmaterialsinto products. The word manufacturing is delivered from the Latin manu factus, meaning made byhand. the conversionof stuff into things (byDeGramon,1998) economic terms for making goodsandservicesavailable to satisfycustomer (by T. Black,1991)
Types of Manufacturing Manufacturing canbe defined twoways: Technology This process to accomplish manufacturing involve a combination of machinery, tools, power and manual labor. Manufacturing also includesthe assemblyof multiple parts to makeproducts. Product Manufacturing Process RawMaterials Profit Machinery Tooling Labor Powe r
Economic Manufacturing is the transformation of materials into items of greater value by means one or more processing involve. Therefore, manufacturing is added value to the material. - Added V alue by changing the material s shape or properties or by combining it with other materialsthat havebeensimilarlyaltered. Manufacturing Process Value added ProcessedMaterial StartingMaterial Material inprocessing
Types of Industries SECONDARY INDUSTRY TERTIARY INDUSTRY PRIMARY INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
Agriculture Forestry Fishing Livestock Mining Petroleum Aerospace Automotive Building materials Chemicals Computers Electronics Pharmaceuticals Textile Wood & furniture Banking Communication Education Entertainment Financialservices Government Hotel Insurance Restaurant Transportation Tourism Realestate SECONDARYINDUSTRY TERTIARYINDUSTRY PRIMARYINDUSTRY
Types of ManufacturingOperator 1. Project 1 to 10 units [LowProduction] 2. Job shop 10 to 100units 3. Batch 100 to10,000 units [MediumProduction] 4. Mass Above 10,000units [HighProduction] Production Quantity: number of unit produced annually of a particular product type. Product Variety: different product designs or types that are produced in the plant.
1.Project Productposition remainsstationaryduringthe manufacturing process size, weight, locationof the product. Materials, people, machinery arebrought to the product or product site. Based on customerspecifications. Example:bridge,building construction,aircraft, ships,locomotive.
2. JobShop Low volume and production quantities called lot sizes with high product variety. Satisfiesamarketfor nonstandard or uniqueproduct. Requirehigh skill levelslabor to operate avariety of equipments. Ashortdurationactivities to providecustomgoods. Example:spacevehicles,reactorvessels,turbines,aircraftcomponent.
3.Batch Batch production produce or process any product in groups which is called batches . Can produce a variety of products opposed to a continuous production process, or a one timeproduction. Useful for industries that makes seasonal items\products for which it is difficult to forecastthe demand. Example: similar standard items made periodically in batches; bakery, paint, handtools.
4.Mass Alsoknown asflow production,repetitive flow production,seriesproduction. Machinery (e.g.: robots, machine press) that is needed to set up the mass production line is soexpensive. Involved fewer laborcostandafasterrateof production. Plant andequipmentsarearrangedin aflow line layout. Example: light bulbs, refrigerator,TV.
What is Just InTime (JIT)? Raw materials, parts & components are delivered to the manufacturer just in time to used, parts & components are produced JIT to be made into subassemblies & assemblies, and products are finished JIT to be delivered to the customer. JITisalso known as Pull System . It tendsto simplify andbreakthe whole systeminto small,autonomous units.
Benefits ofJIT: Low inventory carryingcost. Reduced inspection and reworking ofparts. Highquality productsmadeat low cost. Reductionof: 20% to 40% in productcost. 60% to 80% in inventory. Up to 90% in rejectionrates. 90% in leadtimes. 50% in scrap &rework.
KanbanSystem Integrated with the implementation of JITconcept. Kanban means visiblerecord . Originally consisted of two typesof cards: o Production Card: authorizes the production of one container or cart of identical, specified parts ata workstation. o Conveyance\move card: authorizes the transfer of one container or cart of parts from that particular w/station to the w/station where the parts will beused. The cards contain informationon: Types of parts. I. Location where issued. II. Partnumber. III. Number ofitems in container. IV.
References SlideShare manufacturing] Wikipedia[www.wikipedia.net] [https://www.slideshare.net/juffrizal/lecture-01-introduction-to-
