Magnificent Temples of Khajuraho and Orissa: A Glimpse into Ancient Indian Architecture

 
Indian Temple
 
Presented by: Ar. Hiba Gul
 
KHAJURAHO 
GROUP 
OF
 
TEMPLES
 
The temples have
been built 
from
granite or
sandstone
, the
 
two
chief rocks 
found
in this area upon
raised
 
platforms
.
The 
platforms
themselves 
stand
on solid rock
masses 
that are
 
one
of the oldest rocks
on this
 
earth.
 
The Kendariya Mahadeo  
temple 
is the
finest example in  
Indo-Aryan 
temple 
style
because of its attainment of  unity in design
of its  components such as  mandapas.
 
It becomes a composite design  in plan 
and
exterior
 
profile.
 
It results into overall jagged  profile of
mostly revered  Kailash.
 
The raised platform on which  the temples
stands in itself  becomes dominant feature
of  the
 
composition.
 
The great flight 
of 
steps gives  
one 
a sense
of arrival in  higher ritualistic sense
 
also.
 
The sculptures
 
are  exquisite.
They show the daily  lives of the kings  (hunting etc),
  
D
eities in their  various 
forms,
 
B
eautiful apsarases  in their elegant and  enticing postures
R
oyal  
motifs 
like lions
 
and  elephants.
 
EASTERN 
INDIAN 
TEMPLES OF
 
ORISSA
 
Under the ancient name of 
Kalinga, Orissa was
the 
seat 
of great 
empires as 
far back 
as 
300
 
B.C.
as the most 
remarkable examples 
of 
architectural
achievement 
in all of
 
Asia.
Although 
Orissa presents 
a 
fairly 
large 
variety 
of
styles 
in 
temple building, 
it 
has nevertheless 
a
characteristic architectural
 
genius.
Its temples 
have been described 
as 
one of the
most 
compact and homogeneous
 
architectural
groups in
 
India.
In 
these 
the Indo-Aryan 
style 
of 
architecture 
may
be 
seen 
at 
its 
best and
 
purest.
 
EASTERN 
INDIAN 
TEMPLES OF
 
ORISSA
 
The design which flourished in eastern Indian
 
state
of Orissa and Northern Andhra Pradesh are called 
Kalinga
style of
 
architecture.
The style consists of three distinct type of
 
temples
namely 
Rekha Deula
, 
Pidha Deula 
and 
Khakhara
 
Deula
.
Deula 
means 
"Temple" 
in the local language. The former two
are associated with 
Vishnu, 
Surya and Shiva temple while the
third is 
mainly 
with 
Chamunda 
and 
Durga
 
temples.
The Rekha deula and Khakhara deula houses the sanctum
sanctorum while the Pidha Deula constitutes outer dancing
and 
offering
 
halls.
The prominent examples of 
Rekha Deula 
are Lingaraj
Temple 
of Bhubaneswar and Jagannath 
Temple 
of
 
Puri.
The Konark Sun 
Temple 
is a 
living 
example 
of 
Pidha
 
Deula
.
 
The 
temple-building movement 
in Orissa, which 
reached 
its 
peak of
excellence in the 10th and 
11th 
centuries
, stretches from roughly 
650 
A.D.
to 1200 A.D. and 
illustrates more 
coherently than any other 
similar
movement 
the growth and development of the Nagara 
style 
of
 
architecture.
In general, 
all 
Orissan 
temples 
follow a 
common 
structural
 
plan
.
A 
typical temple 
consists of 
two
 
apartments
.
The 
deul
, corresponding to the southern 
vimana
, is the cubical inner
apartment 
which enshrines the 
image, 
and is surmounted by a
 
tower.
In front of this is the antarala or porch 
called 
the 
jaganmohan 
which
 
is
usually square-shaped and has a 
pyramidal
 
roof.
Occasionally, 
one or two 
more 
mandapas,
 
such
 
as
 
the 
natmandir 
and the
bhogmandir, 
can be found in front of the jaganmohan, 
but 
these, where
they
 
exist,
 
are
 
a
l
m
ost
 
without
 
except
i
on
 
we
r
e
 
supe
r
i
m
p
o
sed
 
on
 
top
 
of
 
the
original
 
plan.
undefined
 
The Orissan temples have two parts namely the sanctum
(
deul or vimana
) and the other is place from where pilgrims view
the sanctum (called 
jagamohana
).
The initial deul temples were without the jagamohana as seen in
some of the older temples in Bhubaneswar, while the later temples
had two additional structures namely 
nata-mandapa
 
(festival hall)
and 
bhoga-mandapa
 (hall of offerings).
The vimana is square in plan and the walls are variegated by
ressaults .
 
Amalaka 
(also called 
mastaka
), a stone disk with ridges on the rim
is placed over the 
bada
 (tower) of the temple.
 
Bhubaneswar 
has 
the richest
profusion 
of temples and is
 
known  
as
the 
temple 
town of 
Orissa
, 
not  only
because of the 
large 
number  
of
temples found there, but 
also  
because
it 
is 
the 
home 
of the  
famous
Lingaraja
 
temple.
 
LINGARAJA
 
TEMPLE
 
The great 
Lingaraja temple, believed 
to have been
built 
around 1000
 
A.D.
It 
stands in a cluster of sixty-five smaller shrines
in a spacious compound 
meausring 
520 feet by
465 feet
 
I
ts mighty 
tower (the 
vimana)  dominates 
the
landscape 
for 
miles
 
around.
Constructed 
without 
mortar, 
this 
tower 
is 
127 feet
high and 
is divided into vertical
 
sections.
The angles of the 
recesses 
are 
filled 
in with
miniature vimanas 
and on 
the top, 
are 
figures
representing a lion crushing an
 
elephant.
 
Initially it consisted of a cella and a
 
mandapa
Cella – 56ft square and rises about 140
 
ft
Mandapa is
 
rectangular
undefined
 
Lingraja temple
 
Lingaraj Temple
 is a Hindu temple dedicated to Harihara, a form
of Shiva and is one of the oldest temples in Bhubaneswar, the capital of
the East Indian state of Odisha (formerly Orissa). The temple is the most
prominent landmark of the Bhubaneswar city and one of the major tourist
attractions of the state
undefined
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Explore the architectural wonders of Khajuraho and Orissa, highlighting the exquisite craftsmanship, intricate sculptures, and unique design styles of the temples. Witness the beauty of the Kendariya Mahadeo temple, the rich cultural heritage depicted in the sculptures, and the distinctive Kalinga style of Eastern Indian temples in Orissa. Immerse yourself in the historic significance and architectural excellence of these ancient marvels that continue to captivate visitors with their grandeur and artistry.

  • Khajuraho
  • Orissa
  • Ancient Indian architecture
  • Temples
  • Sculptures

Uploaded on Jul 02, 2024 | 1 Views


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  1. Presented by: Ar. Hiba Gul

  2. KHAJURAHO GROUP OFTEMPLES The temples have been built from granite or sandstone, the two chief rocks found in this area upon raised platforms. The platforms themselves stand on solid rock masses that are one of the oldest rocks on this earth.

  3. The Kendariya Mahadeo temple is the finest example in Indo-Aryan temple style because of its attainment of unity in design of its components such as mandapas. It becomes a composite design in plan and exterior profile. It results into overall jagged profile of mostly revered Kailash. The raised platform on which the temples stands in itself becomes dominant feature of the composition. The great flight of steps gives one a sense of arrival in higher ritualistic sense also.

  4. The sculpturesare exquisite. They show the daily lives of the kings (hunting etc), Deities in their various forms, Beautiful apsarases in their elegant and enticing postures Royal motifs like lions and elephants.

  5. EASTERN INDIAN TEMPLES OFORISSA Under the ancient name of Kalinga, Orissa was the seat of great empires as far back as 300 B.C. as the most remarkable examples of architectural achievement in all ofAsia. Although Orissa presents a fairly large variety of styles in temple building, it has nevertheless a characteristic architectural genius. Its temples have been described as one of the most compact and homogeneous architectural groups in India. In these the Indo-Aryan style of architecture may be seen at its best and purest.

  6. EASTERN INDIAN TEMPLES OFORISSA The design which flourished in eastern Indian state of Orissa and Northern Andhra Pradesh are called Kalinga style of architecture. The style consists of three distinct type of temples namely Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula and Khakhara Deula. Deula means "Temple" in the local language. The former two are associated with Vishnu, Surya and Shiva temple while the third is mainly with Chamunda and Durga temples. The Rekha deula and Khakhara deula houses the sanctum sanctorum while the Pidha Deula constitutes outer dancing and offering halls. The prominent examples of Rekha Deula are Lingaraj Temple of Bhubaneswar and Jagannath Temple of Puri. The Konark Sun Temple is a living example of Pidha Deula.

  7. The temple-building movement in Orissa, which reached its peak of excellence in the 10th and 11th centuries, stretches from roughly 650 A.D. to 1200 A.D. and illustrates more coherently than any other similar movement the growth and development of the Nagara style ofarchitecture. In general, all Orissan temples follow a common structuralplan. A typical temple consists of twoapartments. The deul, corresponding to the southern vimana, is the cubical inner apartment which enshrines the image, and is surmounted by atower. In front of this is the antarala or porch called the jaganmohan whichis usually square-shaped and has a pyramidalroof. Occasionally, one or two more mandapas, such as the natmandir and the bhogmandir, can be found in front of the jaganmohan, but these, where they exist, are almost without exception were superimposed on top of the originalplan.

  8. The Orissan temples have two parts namely the sanctum (deul or vimana) and the other is place from where pilgrims view the sanctum (called jagamohana). The initial deul temples were without the jagamohana as seen in some of the older temples in Bhubaneswar, while the later temples had two additional structures namely nata-mandapa (festival hall) and bhoga-mandapa (hall of offerings). The vimana is square in plan and the walls are variegated by ressaults . Amalaka (also called mastaka), a stone disk with ridges on the rim is placed over the bada (tower) of the temple.

  9. Bhubaneswar has the richest profusion of temples and is known as the temple town of Orissa, not only because of the large number of temples found there, but also because it is the home of the famous Lingaraja temple.

  10. LINGARAJATEMPLE The great Lingaraja temple, believed to have been built around 1000A.D. It stands in a cluster of sixty-five smaller shrines in a spacious compound meausring 520 feet by 465 feet Its mighty tower (the vimana) dominates the landscape for miles around. Constructed without mortar, this tower is 127 feet high and is divided into vertical sections. The angles of the recesses are filled in with miniature vimanas and on the top, are figures representing a lion crushing an elephant.

  11. Initially it consisted of a cella and a mandapa Cella 56ft square and rises about 140 ft Mandapa is rectangular

  12. Lingaraj Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Harihara, a form of Shiva and is one of the oldest temples in Bhubaneswar, the capital of the East Indian state of Odisha (formerly Orissa). The temple is the most prominent landmark of the Bhubaneswar city and one of the major tourist attractions of the state Lingraja temple

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