Overview of Ancient Trade Networks
Ancient trade networks such as the Silk Road and Indian Ocean Trade facilitated exchange of goods, ideas, and culture between distant regions. The Silk Road connected China to the Roman Empire, enabling trade in silk, precious stones, and metals. Indian Ocean trade routes linked China, Southeast Asia, Persia, and Africa, exchanging goods like Chinese pottery, Indian spices, and African ivory. Trans-Saharan trade routes saw the exchange of salt and palm oil. These trade networks played a pivotal role in the spread of religions and technologies across the ancient world.
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Review of Trading Systems AP World History
Silk Road Trade 200 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. Trade in silk grew under the Han Dynasty ( 202 BC - AD 220) in the first and second centuries C.E. Central Asian herders ran caravans linking trade between China and urban areas in Mesopotamia. The 7000 mile route spanned China, Central Asia, Northern India, and the Roman Empire. It connected the Yellow River Valley to the Mediterranean Sea and passed through present- day countries Iran, Iraq and Syria.
Silk Road Trade 200 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. The Chinese traded their silk with the Indians for precious stones and metals such as jade, gold, and silver, and the Indians would trade the silk with the Roman Empire Buddhism spread from India to China because of trade along the Silk Route.
Indian Ocean Trade 500 BCE to 500 CE The Silk Roads included not only land routes but also sea lanes in the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean trade network included sailors from China Malaysia, Southeast Asia and Persia. Chinese pottery was traded along with Indian spices and ivory from India and Africa.
Indian Ocean Trade 500 BCE to 500 CE Sailors used the monsoon winds to chart their course and carry out voyages that linked sections from East Africa to Southern China. The banana came to Africa from S.E. Asia via the Indian Ocean. The banana spread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa.
Trans-Saharan Trade It is possible the camel arrived in Africa from Arabia in the first century B.C.E. Early Saharan trade patterns included the exchange of salt and palm oil. During the days of the Roman Empire, North Africa also supplied Italy with olives, wheat and wild animals.
Silk Road Trade 600-1450 C.E. Silk Road Trade under the Tang and the Mongols was protected. Mongols kept Silk Road Trade safe. However, the Mongolswere also responsible for carrying the bubonic plague into Eurasia via the Silk Road.
Indian Ocean Trade 600-1450 C.E. When Silk Road trade declined with the fall of the Mongols, Indian Ocean trade picked up. The Ming also renewed focus on Indian Ocean Trade with the voyagers of Zheng He. These voyages were short-lived. By the 13th century, the Bantu people arrived on the east coast where their language merged with Arabic languages from Muslim traders. This formed the Swahili languages.
Trans-Saharan Trade 600-1450 The Saharan trade extended from the Sub- Saharan West African kingdoms across the Sahara desert to Europe. The Saharan Trade linked such African empires as Ghana, Mali, and Songhay to the European world. Ghana possessed a large amount of gold. The Desert regions of present day Morocco and Algeria contained huge salt resources. The gold-salt trade between the Ghana Empire and the Arab desert merchants flourished.
Trans-Saharan Trade 600 - 1450 Just as Buddhism reached the Chinese Empire via Indian merchants, Islam reached black West Africa through Arab merchants on caravan routes. During the Ghana, Mali, and Songhay empires, Arab merchants brought the Koran and the written language Arabic to the oral culture of each empire. By the 13th century, rulers of western empires had converted to Islam, while common people remained true to their polytheistic beliefs.
Columbian Exchange Trade network that exchanged crops, livestock, and diseases between the Eastern and Western hemispheres. Tobacco was introduced to the Eastern Hemisphere. American food crops such as maize and sweet potatoes spread to China and parts of Africa. White potatoes spread to Europe and manioc to Africa. Coffee, sugar cane, wheat, rice, and bananas made their way across the Atlantic from the Eastern to the Western Hemisphere. Livestock such as cattles, horses, sheep, and pigs came to the Americas.
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade The Atlantic slave trade was part of a triangular trade that involved three segments. The Middle Passage was the journey that Africans took across the Atlantic to the Americas.
Atlantic Slave Trade As many as 25 percent of the slaves who came from central Africa died on the march to the coast. It is believed that 20 percent of slaves died on the Middle Passage from illness or suicide. If supplies ran low aboard ship, some slaves were thrown overboard.
Latin American Trade 1750-1914 After the Latin American independence movements, the U.S. and Great Britain both formed trading partnerships with these new countries. The sugar plantations of the Caribbean and Brazil were at the heart of Latin American trade with Europe.
Latin American Trade 1750-1914 The sugar plantations of the Caribbean and Brazil were at the heart of Latin American trade with Europe. Brazil also produced cotton and cacao for European use. Cuban tobacco and sugar Mexican copper and silver Argentine beef Latin American rubber
Trade with the Islamic World 1750-1914 Trade in the Ottoman Empire decreased due to disinterest in industrialization and the inability of artisans to compete with European imports. Egyptian commerce suffered from European competition.
Trade in China 1750-1914 The Qing dynasty lifted restrictions on trade which had been established by the Ming. Trade in Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain brought in large quantities of silver which was the basis of the Chinese economy. The Chinese purchased opium from British merchants in India. British victory in the Opium War resulted in the opening of China to European trade.
Trading Blocs 1914-present Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) regulates oil prcies and controls oil distribution. European Union was organized to reduce tariffs among member nations and create a common tariff policy for other world nations. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) abolished tariffs between Canada, the US, and Mexico. The World Trade Organization was established in 1995 to organize world trade.
