Limestone, Oil & Fractional Distillation Overview
Limestone, oil, fractional
distillation
Limestone
Limestone is a __________ rock made up of
mainly calcium carbonate. It’s cheap and easy to
obtain. Some uses:
1) Building materials – limestone can be quarried
and cut into blocks to be used in _______.
However, it is badly affected by ____ ____.
2) Glass making – glass is made by mixing limestone
with _____ and soda:
3) Cement making – limestone can be “roasted” in a rotary kiln
to produce dry cement. It’s then mixed with sand and gravel
to make _______.
Words
– sand, building, sedimentary, concrete, acid rain
Limestone
Words
– slaked, acidic, neutralise,
decomposition, carbon dioxide
Formation of oil and gas
1) Layers of
dead sea _____
settle on the
seabed.
2) Layers of
__________
rock build up on
top.
3) The heat and ________ from
these rocks, along with the
absence of ______, mean that oil
and gas are formed over ______
of years.
Words
– sedimentary, millions, oxygen, creatures, pressure
Hydrocarbons and crude oil
Longer chains mean…
1.
Less ability to flow
2.
Less flammable
3.
Less volatile
4.
Higher boiling point
Crude oil is a mixture of HYDROCARBONS
(compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen).
Some examples:
Fractional distillation
Crude oil can be separated by fractional distillation. The oil is evaporated
and the hydrocarbon chains of different lengths condense at different
temperatures:
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Limestone, a sedimentary rock mainly composed of calcium carbonate, has various uses in construction, glass-making, and cement production. It can also neutralize acidic soil through chemical reactions. The formation of oil and gas involves sedimentary layers and geological processes over millions of years. Crude oil consists of hydrocarbons, with different properties based on chain length. Fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil into fractions based on boiling points.
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Presentation Transcript
Limestone, oil, fractional distillation
Limestone Limestone is a __________ rock made up of mainly calcium carbonate. It s cheap and easy to obtain. Some uses: 1) Building materials limestone can be quarried and cut into blocks to be used in _______. However, it is badly affected by ____ ____. 2) Glass making glass is made by mixing limestone with _____ and soda: Limestone + sand + soda glass 3) Cement making limestone can be roasted in a rotary kiln to produce dry cement. It s then mixed with sand and gravel to make _______. Words sand, building, sedimentary, concrete, acid rain
Limestone If soil is too _____ crops will fail. Limestone can also be used as a neutralising agent. There are two reactions to know: 1) Firstly, a THERMAL _________________ reaction is used to break the calcium carbonate down into calcium oxide (quicklime) and _______ __________: HEAT Calcium carbonate calcium oxide + carbon dioxide 2) This is then slaked with water to produce calcium hydroxide ( _________ lime ): WATER Calcium oxide calcium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide is alkaline and is used to ______ acidic soil. Words slaked, acidic, neutralise, decomposition, carbon dioxide
Formation of oil and gas 1) Layers of dead sea _____ settle on the seabed. 2) Layers of __________ rock build up on top. 3) The heat and ________ from these rocks, along with the absence of ______, mean that oil and gas are formed over ______ of years. Words sedimentary, millions, oxygen, creatures, pressure
Hydrocarbons and crude oil Crude oil is a mixture of HYDROCARBONS (compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen). Some examples: H H Longer chains mean Increasing length C H C H H H 1. Less ability to flow Ethane 2. Less flammable H H H C H H 3. Less volatile C H C H C H H H 4. Higher boiling point Butane
Fractional distillation Crude oil can be separated by fractional distillation. The oil is evaporated and the hydrocarbon chains of different lengths condense at different temperatures: Fractions with low boiling points condense at the top Fractions with high boiling points condense at the bottom
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