Leucocytic Counting and Types Under Microscope

Explore the total and differential leucocytic count (TLC and DLC) procedure, identifying different types of leucocytes, and their normal values for diagnosis. Learn about granular and agranular white blood cells including Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, and Monocytes. Follow the detailed procedure involving staining blood films, classifying WBCs, and examining under a microscope.

• Leucocytic Count
• Differential Counting
• White Blood Cells
• Microscope Examination
• Blood Film Staining

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1. Total and Differential Total and Differential Leucocytic Count (TLC and DLC) Count (TLC and DLC) Leucocytic

2. Objectives Objectives To be able to identify the different types of leucocytes under the microscope To practice the procedure for differential leucocyte counting. To know the normal values expected for the differential white cell count. To understand the use of the differential white cell count in the diagnosis of disease processes.

3. Reagents and apparatus: Reagents and apparatus: A microscope with an oil immersion objectives. Mineral or cedar oil Various dyes for staining blood films (e.g., Wright s stain) Microscope slides.

4. P Procedure rocedure Prepare blood film and stain it with Wright s stain Examine it under the oil immersion objective lens of the microscope and identify the different leucocytes ( count about 100 cells)

5. WBCs are classified into Granular : Granular : Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Agranular Agranular: : Lymphocytes Monocytes

6. Neutrophils Neutrophils Most common type of blood cells (50-70%) They have small cytoplasmic granules and a complex, multilobed nucleus. Their granules take a neutral (purple or pink) color with various stains such as Wright s stain.

7. Eosinophils Eosinophils Less common in the blood stream (1-3%) They are characterized by a dumbbell-shaped nucleus (bi-lobed) and large, prominent, red (eosinophilic) granules

8. B Basophils asophils The rarest of all blood cells (0.4-1%) It is a large cell filled with prominent blue (basophilic) granules. These large granules contain heparin and histamine. The nucleus is somewhat hidden behind these large granules.

9. Lymphocytes Lymphocytes About 25-35% of the blood cells Small, spherical cells with large, round nucleus The cytoplasm does not contain any granules. The nucleus occupies most of the volume of the cell, leaving only a thin rim of the cytoplasm around it .

10. Monocytes Monocytes About 4-6% of the blood cells The largest of the blood cells, the cytoplasm has no granules The nucleus is large and kidney-shaped

11. Clinical Application Clinical Application Differential count provides clues about certain illnesses 1. 1. Neutrophilia Neutrophilia: :pyogenic illness. 2. 2. Eosinophilia Eosinophilia: :Allergy and parasitic infections 3. 3. Basophilia Basophilia: in allergy and malignancy 4. 4. Lymphocytosis Lymphocytosis: : viral mononucleosis). infections (infectious

12. Blood Blood element element % of % of leukocyte leukocyte s s Size Size Cytoplasmic Cytoplasmic staining staining Nucleus Nucleus morphology morphology Erythrocyte Erythrocyte - - 7 7- -8 8 pink, no granules pink, no granules none none Neutrophil Neutrophil 50 50- -70 70 10 10- -12 12 salmon salmon- -colored small colored small granules granules Segmented, Segmented,- -2 2- - 5 lobed 5 lobed Lymphocyte Lymphocyte 25 25- -35 35 7 7- -8 8 Light blue, scant Light blue, scant amount, no granules amount, no granules Single large Single large Oval purple Oval purple Monocyte Monocyte 4 4- -6 6 16 16- -18 18 Basophilic, no granules Basophilic, no granules Large, kidney Large, kidney shaped shaped Eosinophil Eosinophil 1 1- -3 3 13 13- -14 14 Bright red coarse Bright red coarse granules granules bilobed bilobed purplish purplish Basophil Basophil 0 0- -4 4- -1 1 14 14- -15 15 Large, basophilic Large, basophilic granules granules Bilobed Bilobedbluish black black bluish

13. Thank you Thank you