Latin Lesson 34 Vocabulary: Adjective Comparisons and Dative Constructions
Jenney’s First Year Latin
Lesson 34
1.
Lesson 34 Vocabulary
2.
Comparison of Adjectives in –ER, –EUS/IUS, –ILIS
3.
Dative with Adjectives
Lesson 34 Vocabulary
aureus, aurea, aureum
golden
cupidus, cupida, cupidum
eager, desirous
(takes an objective gen., NOT a dat.)
dexter, dextra, dextrum
right
difficilis, difficile
difficult
dissimilis, dissimile
unlike
dūrus, dūra, dūrum
hard, harsh
fidēlis, fidēle
faithful
idōneus, idōnea, idōneum
suitable
magis (adv.)
more, more greatly
magnopere (adv.)
greatly
maximē (adv.)
most, most greatly, especially
nisi (conj.)
unless, if…not, except
nōbilis, nōbile
noble, of high birth, well-known
pār, pāris
equal
posterus, postera, posterum
following, next
posterī, posterōrum, m. pl.
posterity, descendants
propinquus, propinqua,
propinquum
near, nearby
propinquus, propinquī, m.
relation, kinsman
propior, propius
nearer
proximus, proxima, proximum
nearest, next
sinister, sinistra, sinistrum
left
validus, valida, validum
strong
Comparison of Adjectives in
–ER, –EUS/IUS, and some in –ILIS
Comparison of Adjectives in –ER
•
adj. with their nom. sg. masc. form ending in –ER form
their superlatives differently than regular adj.
•
comparative
: still formed the same, e.g.:
–
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum:
pulchrior, pulchrius
–
celer, celeris, celere:
celerior, celerius
•
superlative
:
add
–RIMUS, –RIMA, –RIMUM
to the end
of the nom. sg. masc. form
, e.g.:
–
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum:
pulcherrimus, -a, -um
–
celer, celeris, celere:
celerrimus, -a, -um
Comparison of Adjectives in –EUS/IUS
•
adj. with their nom. sg. masc. form ending in –EUS/IUS
form their comparatives and superlatives differently by
adding an adv. before the positive of the adj.
•
comparative
: add
magis
(“more”) before the
positive
of
the adjective, e.g.:
–
aureus, -a, -um:
magis aureus, -a, -um
(decline adj. regularly)
•
superlative
: add
maximē
(“most”) before the
positive
of
the adjective, e.g.:
–
aureus, -a, -um:
maximē aureus, -a, -um
(decline adj. regularly)
Comparison of
Some
Adjectives in –ILIS
•
some
adj. with their nom. sg. masc. form ending in –
EUS/IUS form their superlatives differently; these are:
–
facilis, facile
: easy
–
difficilis
,
difficile
: difficult
–
similis
,
simile
: like
–
dissimilis
,
dissimile
: unlike
–
gracilis
,
gracile
: slender
–
humilis
,
humile
: humble
•
all other adj. w/ –ilis in the nom. sg. masc. form their
superlatives regularly (e.g. utilis
utilissimus, -a, -um)
Comparison of
Some
Adjectives in –ILIS
•
comparative
: formed regularly, e.g.
–
facilis, facile:
facilior, facilius
–
dissimilis, dissimile:
dissimilior, dissimilius
•
superlative
: add
–LIMUS, –LIMA, –LIMUM
to the stem
–
facilis, facile:
facillimus, facillima, facillimum
–
dissimilis, dissimile:
dissimillimus, dissimillima, dissimillimum
Dative with Adjectives
Dative with Adjectives
•
some adj. require a dat. to complete their meaning
•
we call this use of the dat., “dat. with adjectives”
•
these adjectives are:
–
amīcus, -a, -um: friendly*
–
inimīcus, -a, -um: unfriendly, hostile
–
facilis, -e: easy
–
difficilis, -e: difficult
–
fidēlis, -e: faithful, loyal
–
fīnitimus, -a, -um: neighboring
–
grātus, -a, -um: pleasing, welcome, grateful
–
idōneus, -a, -um: suitable
*N.B.: when amīcus, amīca, and inimīcus are followed by a genitive, they are the
NOUN, not the adj.
Dative with Adjectives
•
some adj. require a dat. to complete their meaning
•
we call this use of the dat., “dat. with adjectives”
•
these adjectives are:
–
nōtus, -a, -um: well-known, famous
–
pār, pāris: equal
–
propinquus, -a, -um: near
–
propior, propius: nearer
–
proximus, -a, -um: nearest
–
similis, -e: like, similar
–
dissimilis, -e: unlike
–
ūtilis, -e: useful, profitable
•
N.B.
cupidus, -a, -um
takes an obj. gen., NOT a dat.
Learn about adjectives in ER, EUS/IUS, ILIS forms, and how they are used in comparisons. Explore dative constructions with adjectives and enhance your Latin vocabulary with words like "aureus" (golden), "dexter" (right), "difficilis" (difficult), and more.
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Presentation Transcript
Jenneys First Year Latin Lesson 34 1. Lesson 34 Vocabulary 2. Comparison of Adjectives in ER, EUS/IUS, ILIS 3. Dative with Adjectives
aureus, aurea, aureum golden
cupidus, cupida, cupidum eager, desirous (takes an objective gen., NOT a dat.)
dexter, dextra, dextrum right
difficilis, difficile difficult
dissimilis, dissimile unlike
drus, dra, drum hard, harsh
fidlis, fidle faithful
idneus, idnea, idneum suitable
magis (adv.) more, more greatly
magnopere (adv.) greatly
maxim (adv.) most, most greatly, especially
nisi (conj.) unless, if not, except
nbilis, nbile noble, of high birth, well-known
pr, pris equal
posterus, postera, posterum following, next
poster, posterrum, m. pl. posterity, descendants
propinquus, propinqua, propinquum near, nearby
propinquus, propinqu, m. relation, kinsman
propior, propius nearer
proximus, proxima, proximum nearest, next
validus, valida, validum strong
Comparison of Adjectives in ER, EUS/IUS, and some in ILIS
Comparison of Adjectives in ER adj. with their nom. sg. masc. form ending in ER form their superlatives differently than regular adj. comparative: still formed the same, e.g.: pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum: pulchrior, pulchrius celer, celeris, celere: celerior, celerius superlative: add RIMUS, RIMA, RIMUM to the end of the nom. sg. masc. form, e.g.: pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum: pulcherrimus, -a, -um celer, celeris, celere: celerrimus, -a, -um
Comparison of Adjectives in EUS/IUS adj. with their nom. sg. masc. form ending in EUS/IUS form their comparatives and superlatives differently by adding an adv. before the positive of the adj. comparative: add magis( more ) before the positive of the adjective, e.g.: aureus, -a, -um: magis aureus, -a, -um (decline adj. regularly) superlative: add maxim ( most ) before the positive of the adjective, e.g.: aureus, -a, -um: maxim aureus, -a, -um (decline adj. regularly)
Comparison of Some Adjectives in ILIS some adj. with their nom. sg. masc. form ending in EUS/IUS form their superlatives differently; these are: facilis, facile: easy difficilis, difficile: difficult similis, simile: like dissimilis, dissimile: unlike gracilis, gracile: slender humilis, humile: humble all other adj. w/ ilis in the nom. sg. masc. form their superlatives regularly (e.g. utilis utilissimus, -a, -um)
Comparison of Some Adjectives in ILIS comparative: formed regularly, e.g. facilis, facile: facilior, facilius dissimilis, dissimile: dissimilior, dissimilius superlative: add LIMUS, LIMA, LIMUM to the stem facilis, facile: facillimus, facillima, facillimum dissimilis, dissimile: dissimillimus, dissimillima, dissimillimum
Dative with Adjectives some adj. require a dat. to complete their meaning we call this use of the dat., dat. with adjectives these adjectives are: am cus, -a, -um: friendly* inim cus, -a, -um: unfriendly, hostile facilis, -e: easy difficilis, -e: difficult fid lis, -e: faithful, loyal f nitimus, -a, -um: neighboring gr tus, -a, -um: pleasing, welcome, grateful id neus, -a, -um: suitable *N.B.: when am cus, am ca, and inim cus are followed by a genitive, they are the NOUN, not the adj.
Dative with Adjectives some adj. require a dat. to complete their meaning we call this use of the dat., dat. with adjectives these adjectives are: n tus, -a, -um: well-known, famous p r, p ris: equal propinquus, -a, -um: near propior, propius: nearer proximus, -a, -um: nearest similis, -e: like, similar dissimilis, -e: unlike tilis, -e: useful, profitable N.B. cupidus, -a, -um takes an obj. gen., NOT a dat.
