Japanese Feudalism Under the Shoguns: A Historical Overview
The period of feudalism in Japan from the 12th to the 19th century under the Shoguns is explored in this reading activity. It delves into the social structure, roles of different classes like daimyo, samurai, artisans, and merchants, as well as the power dynamics between the Emperor and the shogun. The text emphasizes the hierarchical nature of Japanese society during this era, highlighting the importance of warriors and the influence of Confucian ideals. Readers gain insights into the economic, political, and social aspects of feudal Japan.
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Year 8 History Japan under the Shoguns Starter Sheet Readings
The period of feudalism in Japan took place from the 12th through to the 19th century, c. ___________________________________________________________________ a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ developed in Europe in the 8th century, where the people were protected by the lords who they had 3. Circle the metalanguage words : Confucian, feudalism, ko, 'low citizens , no, owned, protected, because they protected the nation from invasion and were supposed to set moral standards for the In the early shogunate period, Japanese society had only two main groups. The 'good citizens'. In the late sixteenth century. Japanese society established a class system based on the ___________________________________________________________________ The daimyo and samurai belonged to the warrior class or shi. They were at the top citizens' included nobles, farmers and other free people. Slaves, servants and guards were 'low and it marked an important period in the country's history. Feudalism is a social system that 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. Year 8 Hist - Japan under the Shoguns 1 Reading Activity they made items like paper, fine swords, and reed mats _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ Near the bottom of the social structure Although they used raw materials produced by others, because they did nor make anything at all. They lived produced or by charging interest on money that they Beneath the warriors came farmers or 12. . Give each rank a colour and colour the pyramid The artisans or ko came next in rank. came merchants or sho. Their social status was low by trading rice, selling items that other people had no. Without food, no one could survive, so farmers 11. Name in order the four main ranks using their to serve in war. These lords also owned all land. were viewed as essential members of society. ________________________________ _____________________________ Confucian idea of four main ranks. 2. Number the paragraphs. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives 8. Highlight 3 adverbs according to these ranks. 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 10. What is feudalism? 5. Highlight 5 nouns. Feudalism in Japan. that people needed. Japanese names. rest of society. shi, sho loaned.
political power, and in reality was under control of the shogun's clan. Economically, the people Emperor The chief of several clans or family groups called ubi became the Emperor when one 11. Who was the richest? ___________________________________________________ exhausted themselves fighting in and around Kyoto, while the provinces fell into the hands of 10.Who was the most powerful person? ________________________________________ status. He was a figurehead, a leader in name only. He was the religious leader, but had little 12.What are Daimyo? _____________________________________________________ Their weakness became apparent in the Onin War of 1467-77. The great shugo b. ___________________________________________________________________ Throughout the Edo period/ Tokugawa era (1603-1868), the powerful Tokugawa (1180-85) defeated them and established the Kamakura shogunate, the first of the military a. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ In 1180 the Minamoto family revolted against the Taira and in the Gempei War of his class took political power. The Emperor and the imperial family had the highest social Japanese warriors, helped by storms that came to be described as divine winds (kamikaze), Shogun The shogun was part of the warrior class, and considered to be a noble. The shogun governments that would rule Japan. The shogunate rested on an alliance with local military The Shogunates (Shogun, or general, was a title granted to Japanese military leaders like Daimyo Each daimyo had his own estate and armies. The daimyo would often challenge the ___________________________________________________________________ other shugo and eventually under the control of new lords called daimyo (another type of 3. Circle the metalanguage words : challenge, figurehead, Kamakura, Onin War, political, drove away the invaders. The great shugo, however, became increasingly involved in the In 1274 and 1281 the shogunate system faced two Mongol invasions. The politics of the shogunate, and by the mid-15th century many had lost control of their Shoguns lead Japan and controlled the daimyo, to ensure they did not try to rebel. 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. of all other classes of society provided for the Emperor and his court. was the military leader of the most powerful of the Emperor's clans. 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. Year 8 Hist - Japan under the Shoguns 2. Reading Activity. leaders (shugo), who gradually became powerful regional rulers. provincial bases (land areas which they controlled). power of the Shogun and try to seize power. Tokugawa era, ubi, warrior. 2. Number the paragraphs. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives 8. Highlight 3 adverbs the European Barons) 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. Baron).
3. Why did the emperor create diamyos?_______________________________________ 1. What is Bushido? ______________________________________________________ Samurai begun their training very early in life, they were taught horse riding, archery, sword fighting it was more honourable to kill yourself than face defeat or disgrace. This act of suicide was known as 2. What does it mean to have a carelessness for life ? ____________________________ battle and the short sword was so he could cut his belly if his master demanded it . Samurai believed Samurais. These men had to follow a strict warrior code called Bushido. This meant that Samurai had ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ not? _______________________________________________________________ 2. What was a diamyo? ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 1. Which powerful warrior group emerged in Japan in the 16th century? _______________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 1. What is seppuku? _____________________________________________________ 2. Why was it done? _____________________________________________________ 4. Why did the Samurai prefer to commit suicide? Does this make sense to you? Why/Why Japan had always had warriors but in the 16th century they became a very powerful group in society, and unarmed combat. A Samurai was a fierce warrior how sole thing in life was the protection of his to be extremely disciplined, honorable and be prepared to die for their diamyo and their family. As A Samurai s life was based around honour at all cost. When a Samurai completed their training they diamyo. However, they also had to be very educated so they could help their master rule his domain. wife. Because the emperor had a lot of wives he had too many children. This is a problem when only one can succeed the Emperor. So he gave his children small areas of land to be in charge of. These Simply the Emperor had too MANY wives. Japanese emperors were allowed to have more than one ___________________________________________________________________ were given to swords and according to a Portuguese monk living in Japan, the long sword was for Because there were so many diamyo they needed protection, so they recruited vast armies of _____________________________________________________________ 3. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. 2. What were the two roles a Samurai had to fulfil for his masters? 8. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. Year 8 Hist - Japan under the Shoguns 3. Reading Activity. part of Bushido Samurais have a carelessness for life . 1. What skills were the Samurai s trained in? 3. Why did the Samurai have two swords? 2. Number the paragraphs. children became the diamyo. 6. Highlight 5 adjectives The Rise of the Samurai 7. Highlight 3 adverbs How did this happen?? An Honorable Samurai 5. Highlight 5 verbs. 4. Highlight 5 nouns. Samurais and Bushido called the Samurai. Making A Samurai seppuku.
After the taxes were paid, there was not always enough food and by spring, many villagers were forced For those Japanese who lived near the ocean, all of its products became a vital source of They produced rice, which was the most valued crop. Rice was the basis of the economy, as the daimyo collected taxes in the form of rice. Taxes were very high, often as much as 40 per cent 1. 1Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ The wealthier villagers worked wet fields. These required more investment to establish 3. Circle the metalanguage words : agriculture, crafts, taxes, valued, vital, wealthier, 40 per c. ___________________________________________________________________ a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ Only some of the villagers would eat rice on a regular basis and most would have it only especially were able to develop a wide range of crafts, including ceramics, embroidery and jewellery- __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ In a successful village, not everyone was always needed to work in the fields. Women ___________________________________________________________________ Other sources of income, and crucial sources of food, were the oceans and forests. Like Europeans at the same time, most Japanese villagers made their living through Most of the other villagers would work in the dry fields that would produce barley, 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. to hunt in the forest for small animals, ferns and plants until the summer harvest. 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. agriculture. In Japan there were two main types of fields: wet and dry. Year 8 Hist - Japan under the Shoguns 4 Reading Activity 4. What food do you think would be gained from the ocean? three or four times a year on special occasions. 3. What food was found in the forest? millet, soybeans, vegetables and hemp. Draw a scene from a rural village? 1. What was grown in wet fields? 2. What was grown in dry fields? 2. Number the paragraphs. and were regularly flooded. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives 8. Highlight 3 adverbs 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. Life on the Shoen of the harvest. cent making. food.
their own. Many of the ideas originated in India, and made their way across Tibet and China before However, it was not until the 15th century that spies were specially trained for their purpose, and not until the 17th century that the word shinobi appeared to define and clearly identify ninjas as a secretive group of agents. In their history, ninja groups were small and structured around families and villages, later developing a more martial hierarchy that was able to mesh more closely with By the year 850, the Tang Dynasty in China was in decline. It would fall in 907, plunging China into 50 years of chaos; the collapse prompted some Tang generals to escape over the sea to Japan. These commanders brought new battle tactics and philosophies of war with them. Chinese monks also began to arrive in Japan in the 1020s, bringing new medicines and fighting philosophies of turning up in Japan. The monks taught their methods to Japan's warrior-monks, or yamabushi, as well the ninja descended from a demon that was half man and half crow. However, it seems more likely that It is difficult to pin down the emergence of the first ninja, more properly called shinobi. Some of the ninja leaders, or jonin, were disgraced samurai like Daisuke Togakure. They After all, people around the world have always used spies and assassins. Japanese folklore states that An unsuspecting samurai sleeps peacefully as these shadows permanently silence his body guards. The Most ordinary ninja were not from the nobility, though. They were villagers and farmers, who learned Black-clad figures with muffled faces skitter through a courtyard, swarming over walls b. ___________________________________________________________________ a. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ and Kain Doshi. Daisuke had been a samurai, but he was on the losing side in a regional battle. He lost 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ 3. Circle the metalanguage words : assassin, concealment, demon, guerrilla, historical, jonin, to fight by any means necessary for their own self-preservation. The most famous ninja strongholds abilities in the arts of concealment and murder. This wraith-like being is very compelling, to be sure. ninjutsu developed as a counter-culture, without rules. It was first formalized by Daisuke Togakure the two developed a new theory of guerrilla warfare called ninjutsu. Daisuke's descendants created when he met Kain Doshi, a Chinese warrior-monk. Daisuke renounced his bushido code, and together had lost in battle or had been renounced by their daimyo, but fled rather than committing seppuku. 600-900 A.D. Prince Shotoku, (574-622), is said to have employed Otomono Sahito as a shinobi spy. his lands and his samurai title. In 1162, Daisuke was wandering the mountains of southwest Honshu indicate that the skills that became ninjutsu, the ninja's art of stealth, began to develop between ___________________________________________________________________ This is the ninja of the movies and comic books, the stealthy assassin in black robes with magical the ninja slowly evolved as an opposing force to the samurai, in early feudal Japan. Most sources For a century or more, the blend of Chinese and native tactics that would become bedroom door slides open without a sound, an up-raised blade glints in the moonlight, and... 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. But what is the historical reality behind the popular culture icon of the Ninja. 7. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. Year 8 Hist - Japan under the Shoguns 5 Reading Activity. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. Highlight 5 verbs. Highlight 5 adjectives like spiders and running lightly across rooftops, quick as cats. ninjutsu, nobility, philosophies, seppuku, strongholds the first ninja ryu, or school, the Togakureryu. Mainland Influences on the Early Ninja: as to members of the first ninja clans. were the Iga and Koga Provinces. The First Known Ninja School: 2. Number the paragraphs. 6. Highlight 3 adverbs Who Were the Ninja?: samurai and the daimyo. Origins of the Ninja: THE NINJA
kami (spirit beings) of these places. At first there was little need for any special building; a waterfall, emperors used Shinto beliefs to support their position, claiming that the royal family descended from ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ However, later kami might be worshipped in a chieftain's palace or in a shrine built over After the coming of Buddhism, these beliefs were given a formal structure. Worship of it sees, it stands for honesty and purity The mirror was also seen as a way for the kami worshipped in which is often found in Shinto signs. One meaning of the mirror is that, since it reflects exactly what Tradition and the family. Birth, marriage and other ceremonies related to family life are especially a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ ritual practices. Nature had a special place in the lives of the first inhabitants of Japan. Inspired by themselves and wash away physical and moral pollution. The ideal of purity is symbolised by a mirror, form, torii consisted of two upright trees, joined by a crosspiece. A third piece of timber below this From earliest times, special entry gates called torii marked the shrines. In their early Long before Buddhism's arrival in Japan, the people had their own system of spiritual Physical cleanliness. Taking baths, washing the hands often and rinsing out the mouth are part of the sun goddess. The basic beliefs of Shinto and the ways they are put into practice are as follows: magnificent rivers, snow-covered mountains and mysterious forests, people began to believe in the Religious festivals. Honouring the spirits is an opportunity for people to come together to enjoy seasons, prayed for good harvests or participated in the rite of purification: a ceremony to purify ___________________________________________________________________ kami to be present?____________________________________________________ 10. What are some of the different locations in which a follower of Shinto might expect kami was given the name Shinto, meaning way of the gods'. Up to the time of World War II, the 3. Circle the metalanguage words : goddess, kami, purification, sacred, shrine, spiritual, a sacred site. The shrine became the place where village communities celebrated the change of held the structure steady. This was seen as a way to bring the kami down to earth, as well as 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. Love of nature. Being in contact with nature means being in contact with the gods. daily life and are particularly observed in visits to Shinto shrines or sanctuaries. a mysterious set of trees or a set of distinctive rocks could be a site for worship. 11. What was the religious purpose of a mirror in a Shinto shrine? 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. Year 8 Hist - Japan under the Shoguns 6. Reading Activity. separating the 'real world from the spiritual world beyond. Life and each other's company. 2. Number the paragraphs. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives Shinto -'way of the gods' 8. Highlight 3 adverbs 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. the shrine to enter. Shinto in practice significant. worship beliefs and
The Nara period is known as the classical period. It saw the establishment of a centralised government The Japanese economy grew quickly at first, but stabilised to do less harm to the environment from the inhabitants. However, at the end of the last ice age, the Earth's climate warmed and rising oceans covered bridges. The nomadic hunters and fishermen who walked across them on expeditions became Japan's first It used stone and bone tools and made pottery of distinctive design. In the 3rd century BC, Under Tokugawa shoguns, Japan had 250 years of peace, but was isolated from the rest of the world. The islands that formed became the Japanese archipelagowe know today. Later, attracted the Muromachi period as agriculture intensified. Despite civil warfare, poetry and drama flourished. ln a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ Japan. Although the date of the first human habitation is not known, anthropologists have identified one 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ by the islands' natural beauty and rich resources, sea-faring peoples from various parts of Asia reached ln 1281, a Mongol invasion was repulsed, Central political power, again based in Kyoto, weakened during Chinese and Korean culture were adapted to become distinctively Japanese. Later, a class of warriors pieced together from the findings of archaeologists and anthropologists and from the myths of ancient mid 1700s A system of centralised feudalism continued until the arrival of an American fleet in 1853. About twelve thousand years ago, Japan was joined to the Asian mainland by several land Asia. They introduced rice cultivation, primitive weaving, wheel-made pottery, domesticated horses and Jomon culture was disrupted by a new people, known as Yayoi, who probably emigrated from continental Modern knowledge about the first peoples to inhabit the Japanese archipelago has been Japan by boat. As their settlements spread, the original inhabitants were gradually driven into the far After I853 Japan changed quickly from an agricultural to an industrial society and a military power. ___________________________________________________________________ feudalism. Kamakura, a rival capital to Kyoto was built in eastern Japan. New influences from China ln the Heian period, a golden age of culture when Kyoto was the imperial capital, influences from The Kamakura period saw the beginning of rule by a shogun and of a system that historians call Three warriors reunited the country in the late 1500s and set up a system of central control. 3. Circle the metalanguage words : archipelago, centralised, distinctive, emigrated, 12. What two mainland cultures heavily influenced the emerging Japanese culture? 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. cows, and simple iron tools. Yayoi culture overlaid and fused with the earlier Jomon culture. of the earliest settlers in Japan as the Jomon culture, which dates from about 8000 BC. feudalism, habitation, inhabitants, isolated, knowledge, nomadic, resources, and the building of the capital at Nara. Buddhism was powerful and firmly established. 10. How did first settlers get to Japan from the mainland of Asia? 7. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. Year 8 Hist - Japan under the Shoguns 7. Reading Activity 5. Highlight 5 nouns. Highlight 5 verbs. Highlight 5 adjectives 11. What two cultures fused to become Japanese culture? the 1540s, Europeans introduced Christianity and gunpowder, __________________________ Summary of Japan under the Shoguns 13.Underline the five main eras. 2. Number the paragraphs. ____________________ included Zen Buddhism . 6. Highlight 3 adverbs began to emerge. north wildernesses. the land bridges. Ancient Japan
society, aristocratic women had some equality in marriage, education and property rights, as well as an arrogant...When the husband issues his instruction, the wife must never disobey [him] ...Let her never The moon turned the deepest recesses of the garden a gleaming white. The flower beds were wasted, render her countenance frightful and her accent repulsive and can only result in completely alienating ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ A woman has no particular lord. She must look to her husband as her lord, and must serve him with all the brook seemed to send up a strangled cry, and the lake was frozen and somehow terrible. into this bright and their hair shone in the moonlight. The older ones were especially pretty, their jackets and a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ trousers and ribbons trailing off in many colours, and the fresh sheen of their hair black against the 11. When was it acceptable for a wife to disapprove of her husband? ________________________ worship and reverence, nor despising or thinking lightly of him. The great lifelong duty of a woman is novels. The book shows the importance of rules about dress, manners (correct conduct) and cultural Murasaki Shikibu was a widow with one daughter when she became a lady in-waiting to the empress. In 1005, Murasaki Shikibu wrote The Tale of Genji , which is one of the world's first from their faces. It was all very charming. Rather outdoing themselves, several of them found that Japanese Confucian scholar and writer Kaibara Ekiken (1 630-1 71 4 ce) wrote a book expression] and style of her address should be courteous, humble, and conciliatory [peace-making], disapprove] with him, bur never either nurse nor vent her anger. If her jealousy be extreme, it will snow. The smaller ones quite lost themselves in the sport. They let their fans fail most immodestly ___________________________________________________________________ scene Genji sent little maidservants, telling them that they must make snowmen. Their dress was called Onna daigaku (Greater Learning for Women), which outlined the role of women in society While at court, Murasaki wrote a diary, which was also published. Her life shows that, in Heian even dream of jealousy If her husband be dissolute [immoral], she must expostulate [strongly obedience. In her dealings with her husband, both the expression of her countenance facial 3. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. never peevish [easily irritated] and intractable [difficult to deal with], never rude and they had a snowball which they could not budge. Some of their fellows jeered at them. 12. Briefly outline what would happen to a woman if she became angry or jealous? 9. What does this passage tell you about how girls were expected to act? 7. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. 10. How was a Japanese wife expected to behave towards her husband? Year 8 Hist - Japan under the Shoguns 8 Reading Activity her husband from her, and making her intolerable to his eyes ... taste which in many ways remain strong in Japan today. This is his understanding of the role of wives. 4. Highlight 5 nouns.Highlight 5 verbs. according to Confucian beliefs. 2. Number the paragraphs. influential role in literature. 5. Highlight 5 adjectives 6. Highlight 3 adverbs Women and writing
rule, Zen Buddhism, in which a teacher or master plays an important role, became popular in Japan. Zen's emphasis on since they received protection from strong warriors. In centuries to come, this system developed even further in Japan Yoritomo took the title of shogun in 1192, from this time, the title came to mean military ruler. The emperor remained administered by the imperial court. Instead, they were now serfs (a kind of slave required to serve their lords) under a her husband's, to hold power. In later years, when women's importance was downgraded in Japan, she was portrayed 3. Circle the metalanguage words : bakufu., Hojo, Kamakura , Kublai Khan, Masako, Minamoto, shogun', became an important political figure. The eldest child of a warlord, Masako married Yoritomo in about 1180. Yoritomo, but spared the boy's life and sent him to a distant province. Later, Yoritomo raised an army, gained control made a town there, Kamakura, his capital. It remained the shogun's headquarters for 150 years, period known as the damaged part of the fleet, the invaders retreated to Korea. A second attack in 1281, with larger forces, was defeated as a figurehead in Kyoto but had little income or power. As Yoritomo's strength lay in the east, on the Kanto plain, he supporters. As a result, provincial warrior chiefs became even more rebellious. The warrior general Ashikaga Takauji appointing them as his official representatives and protectors of provinces. These officials administered their regions After he died, Masako became a Buddhist nun, but was influential when her two sons were shoguns. Roth sons were Hojo dictators feared a third Chinese invasion, and spent much effort and expense preparing for it. b. ___________________________________________________________________ and collected taxes to be sent to the shogun, keeping some for themselves. This was an important change in society, assassinated, but Masako remained a dominant figure in politics until her death, helping her own family, rather than a. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ But because the political rulers had not conquered new territory they did not have enough money or land to reward 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ Mongol emperor of China, Kublai Khan, landed in Japan, armed with weapons that used gunpowder. When a storm new class of local leaders, or warlords. In some ways this was a drop in status for the peasants, but they were safer shogun. Now both emperors and shoguns were puppets while the Hojo family had political power. During the Hojo simplicity, restraint and meditation led to traditional arts like bonsai, ikebana and Japan's dry-landscape gardens of A weakness of Kamakura as a headquarters was its distance from Kyoto, where the imperial family helped the emperor to wipe out the Hojo family and other rivals, and to flatten Kamakura. but then turned on the In 1160, the Taira clan killed most of the family of a 13 year old boy of the Minamoto clan named when a typhoon wrecked the Mongol fleet. The Japanese attributed the victory to divine intervention, calling the plotted to regain power. In the other provinces, powerful lords of the new warrior class became more and more because peasants were no longer tax-paying subjects of a central government, as was the case under the system independent. In this unstable situation, Japan was faced with a dangerous external threat. In 1274, troops of the ___________________________________________________________________ Warfare between the Taira and Minamoto clans ended in a sea battle won by Yoritomo in 1185. Masako's family ruled from Kamakura as regents, allowing young noblemen to retain the title of When Yoritomo died suddenly in 1199, his widow Hojo Masako (1157-7225), known as the 'nun Yoritomo rewarded his military supporters by giving them land previously held by enemies, and 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. Year 8 Hist - Japan under the Shoguns 9 Reading Activity emperor and forced him to flee from Kyoto in 1336. Taira , Yoritomo, Zen Buddhism, typhoon the Wind of the Gods or kamikaze. of his province and captured Kyoto. 2. Number the paragraphs. and today is known as feudalism. Kamakura shogunate or bakufu. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives 8. Highlight 3 adverbs as heartless and ambitious. raked gravel and boulders. 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. The Kamakura shogunate
At the time of the storming of the Kanazawa Stockade by Lord Hachiman (Yoshiie) in the Later Three ___________________________________________________________________ a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ When the musket was introduced to Japan under Oda Nobunaga, it became the weapon wealthiest samurai and daimy . With the invention of the stirrup, the best fighters increased speed, 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ cutting the stomach ) but don t realize that the stomach was believed to be where the spirit or soul spear). Warriors did not use shields on horseback because they could not shoot arrows. Body armour lived. Seppuku was a form of purification, a way to save one s honour and accept responsibility for an We are Oba no Heida Kageyoshi and Oba no Saburo Kagechika, residents of Sagami province and the Name-announcing before fighting became important to insure people of equal rank and worthiness were fighting each other. Warriors also stated their age, rank, family lineage, and great swords were prized possessions believed to have spiritual powers. Depending on the soldier s wealth __________________________________________________________________ right eye with an arrow, Kagemasa, without even removing the arrow, shot an answering arrow and Most people are fascinated by the violence and traditions of the warrior life of the ___________________________________________________________________ sons of Oba no Shoji Kagefusa. We are also descendants in the fourth generation of Kamakura no Years War, Kagemasa, who is now revered as a god, was only a youth of sixteen. When shot in the Everyone recognizes the traditional samurai armour and sword. The long and short Excerpted from H gen Monogatari: Tale of the Disorder in H geni, translated by William Wilson mobility, and range. Foot soldiers used shields, the yari (spear), and the naginata (curve-bladed samurai and daimyo. Most are aware of ritual suicide (seppuku, also known as hara-kiri, literally The way of the horse and bow were the most common forms of fighting for the 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. and the helmet deflected arrows but were not enough protection against swords. Fighting a warrior beneath one s status offered no monetary reward or honour 3. Circle the metalanguage words : daimyo, naginata, Seppuku, yari 7. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. of choice. Honour, fame, and reward depended on who was killing whom. Year 8 Hist - Japan under the Shoguns 10 Reading Activity 5. Highlight 5 nouns. Highlight 5 verbs. Highlight 5 adjectives 13.Why did a warrior name announce before fighting? killed an enemy. Thus did he bequeath his name to posterity. 12.What weapon did the warriors on horseback use? and status, the weapons, armour, and skills differed. achievements of themselves and their ancestors. 14. Make your own name announcement. 10.Why did a warrior commit seppuku? Here is an example of name announcing: 11. Why did he cut his stomach? 2. Number the paragraphs. Military Life in Muromachi 6. Highlight 3 adverbs Gongoro Kagemasa. error.
The years of war and chaos that characterised the Sengoku period were slowly brought to a Tokugawa shogunate. He developed a strong central government that expanded control over the islands of Then, in 1590, Toyotomi ordered a census be taken, registering all Japanese and their class Japan from Europe. Oda s rule came to an end in 1582 when he committed seppuku after being surrounded Tokugawa Ieyasu _____________________________________________________________- He was a member of the council office but he had his own ambitions. Instead of supporting Odo Nobunogo ________________________________________________________________ a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ allowed-only the children of samurai could become samurai and only the children of farmers could become Ieyasu won a great military victory in 1600 and three years later declared himself the new Toyotomi also began a hostile campaign against the followers of Christianity He prohibited stay in castle towns, rather than wander about causing trouble. Furthermore, class mobility was no longer 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ Japanese from becoming Christians and expelled all Christian missionaries. Christianity had been brought Oda Nobunaga was the son of a daimyo from a small domain on the coast of Honshu. When era he was able to rise to become one of Odo's top miiitary leaders. He took over leadership after Oda's 1598 ce. Before Hideyoshi died in 1598, he set up a council of five senior elders whom he trusted to pass Toyotomi Hideyoshi had been born into the peasant class, but in the chaos of the Sengoku membership. Peasants had to remain in their villages and those samurai who did nor have a master had to installed as shogun. Yoshiaki was little more than a puppet, as the real power lay with Oda and his forces. Toyotomi Hideyoshi ___________________________________________________________ He was especially cruel in crushing Buddhist opponents, burning some alive and destroying shogun Yoshiteru was murdered in 1565, his brother Yoshiaki appealed to Oda for help and Oda had him monasteries. His victories were helped by the use of muskets that had only recently been introduced to he was 21, he killed a rival lord and planned to unite Japan under his own leadership. When the Ashikaga shogun. Altogether there were 15 Tokuguwa shoguns between 1603 and 1868, and this powerful samurai Toyotomi attempted to conquer Korea and China, but failed. He died of bubonic plague in Shikoku and Kyushu. In 1588 ce he ordered a sword hunt' to find peasants weapons-from this point on, ___________________________________________________________________ to Japan by the Portuguese in the mid- 16th century and was seen as a potential threat to Toyotomi's Toyotomi Hideyoshi's son, he forced him into battle. The son then committed suicide in Osaka Castle. Buddhist monk. The position of shogun remained effectively vacant for the next 30 years. Through a In I573 Yoshiaki tried to rebel against Oda but was driven out of Kyoto. He became a As regent, Toyotomi introduced a number of laws that would remain important in the close by three men (known as the'Three Unifiers') who were able to reunify Japan: Odo Nobunaga, 3. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. 1. For each of these leaders state why they can be remembered as cruel. 6. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. series of ruthless battles, Oda began to create a centralised government. Year 8 Hist: Japan under the Shoguns.11 Reading Activity 4. Highlight 5 nouns. Highlight 5 verbs. Highlight 5 adjectives ritual suicide. He was appointed an imperial regent by the emperor. rule. He later executed 26 Japanese and foreign Christians. Tokugawa Ieyasu- founder of a new shogunate Toyotomi Hideyoshi- from soldier to leader Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu. Odo Nobunogo a cruel military genius family had branches throughout Japan. only samurai could carry weapons. 2. Number the paragraphs. 5. Highlight 3 adverbs Age of Warring State by enemy forces. power to his son. farmers.
From the mid 1700s, however, the population stopped growing and environmental damage ______________________________________________________________________ reforested many areas, which then assisted the country to become industrialised as it moved into the a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ began to be repaired. Expansion of irrigated land ended. Fisheries were developed for both food and _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ expanded. Most Japanese buildings were wooden, because stone or brick structures were vulnerable was causing flooding. In l666CE, the shogunate decided to introduce policies for communal land that forests were raided for green fertiliser for example, as burnt or rotted mulch. Between 1600 and These practices are a major reason for the survival of Japan's forests today. This program of care officials to experiment with and develop techniques in the management of forests, the planting and The Tokugawa shoguns realised that removing trees, especially those close to rivers, also meant that Japan was at the forefront of environmental policy-making. Most other countries, 1720, as the population grew from 12 million to 31 million, more marginal land was farmed and even including the United States and Australia, would not pay serious attention to environmental issues Then in 1678ce, the shogun introduced laws prohibiting the cutting of branches and ___________________________________________________________________ Over time, the enforcement of these policies helped both villagers and government In the period of seclusion, the country enjoyed peace, the economy grew and cities stripping of bark. Further laws were enacted in 1684 ce to forbid the uprooting of grasses, field . encourage people to replant forests so that forests could be regenerated; consequently Japan to earthquakes. wood was also needed for fuel. In addition, because soils were poor in minerals, 3. Circle the metalanguage words : damage, earthquakes, industrialised , management, . ensure that time and effort were given to the study of forest development and management. nurturing of trees and the prevention of flooding. By the 19th century Japan had effectively more woodland was destroyed. The result was severe environmental damage, as forests were . regulate how wood was used - government officials had to approve the use of timber in any 2. How did the shogunate try to solve timber shortages on communal land in Japan? 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. 1. Outline the ways in which natural resources were used in early medieval Japan. 3. What was the significance of the shogunate's efforts by the 19th century? such as land use and management until the last few decades of the 20th century 7. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. eventually had some of the first planned forest plantations in the world destroyed and soil was washed away throughout the four main islands. Year 8 Hist: Japan under the Shoguns.12 Reading Activity 5. Highlight 5 nouns. Highlight 5 verbs. Highlight 5 adjectives plantations, repaired, shogunate, techniques, wooden, . forbid tree-felling of certain types of trees Environmental issues in Medieval Japan burning or building close to river banks. 2. Number the paragraphs. 6. Highlight 3 adverbs for the environment 20th century construction fertiliser. would:
and books, as well as samples and demonstrations of new inventions such as clocks and hot air balloons. This As well as knowledge of a new weapon, the Portuguese also introduced trade and Christianity the Japanese maintained a study of European science which they called rangaku, they received information Japanese fluently. Nicknamed the 'interpreter he produced a Japanese grammar guide and dictionary that The Dutch were allowed to operate a trading post in Nagasaki. Through this limited contact, the balance of power between the warring daimyo. In 1575, during the Battle of Nagashino, Oda Nobunaga used over 1000 guns to defeat a samurai cavalry charge on the plains of Shitaragahara and secure victory. In 1543, a Portuguese ship involved in the China trade was blown off-course during a storm. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Despite the introduction of sakoku, or the 'closed country' policy, Japanese interest in the enabled japan to maintain some awareness of Western developments, although this awareness would prove a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ Europeans were amazed by his tales of this densely populated exotic country ruled by warrior samurai. In West remained. While most Europeans were excluded from Japan, the ban on trade and influence was not helped many other Europeans to communicate. When the first missionaries returned to Europe, they took to Japan. In 1549, the first missionaries arrived. Initially they used paintings of Christ, the Madonna and 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ 3 How did Europeans try to explain their religion to the Japanese? Why did they use this method?__ William Adams then provided the daimyo's men with vital training. The cannon and guns were used to gain 1. Explain how the first Europeans came to visit the islands of Japan. _______________________ The sailors on board accidentally became the first European visitors to Japan. The Japanese called them harbour. For the Japanese, the light-skinned Dutch were obviously different to the Portuguese and they 2. How did the Portuguese arrival influence Japanese history? ____________________________ the Portuguese for shooting lessons. The introduction of guns to Japan had a profound effect. The guns did not need the same high degree of training as the sword to be useful and the new weapon would shift called them 'Kdmo' or 'Red Hair . Aboard the ship was William Adams, the ship's pilot, who became the Portuguese carried and the local daimyo ordered his swordsmith to make copies. The daimyo then asked victory in the battle of Sekigahara and Tokugawa Ieyasu became the new shogun. His success had been An exception was Joao Rodrigues (1561-1633), who was sent to Japan as a 15 year old to first Englishman to reach Japan. The ship also had nineteen bronze cannons, 5000 cannonballs and 500 In the early 1600s, Luis Frois (1532-97) from Portugal wrote the Historia de Japan and ___________________________________________________________________ nanban. Given the warlike nature of the period, the Japanese were greatly interested in the guns the muskets. A daimyo, Tokugawa Ieyasu, learnt of the ship's arrival and seized the cannon and the pilot. 4 What were the two major influences on the rule of Japan that arrived on the first Dutch ship? complete. Japan still sought to learn from and understand Europeans. The Englishman William Adams The arrival of this Western invention would continue to have a significant impact on events in Japan. inability to speak Japanese, and the European practice of eating with their fingers rather than with 1600, a Dutch ship that had also been blown off-course and damaged in a storm drifted into Kyushl Jesus to help them communicate, as they found the Japanese language very difficult to learn. This become a Jesuit priest. He had a natural ability with languages and within a short time could speak of being made a samurai and was given the right to wear the two samurai swords. Some trade also 3. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. remained in Japan and became a trusted advisor to the shogun. He received the great honour Year 8 Hist Japan under the Shoguns 13 Modernisation and Westernisation chopsticks, convinced most Japanese that the new visitors were ignorant barbarians. secured, at least in part, by the arrival of the Dutch ship and her cargo of weapons. inadequate when confronted by the American fleet under Perry in the 1850s. 7. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. Highlight 5 verbs. Highlight 5 adjectives stories of the distinct Japanese culture and its ceremonies. 2. Number the paragraphs. 6. Highlight 3 adverbs continued.
