Japan's Transformation During the Age of Imperialism
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Japan During the
Age of Imperialism
From Victim to Imperial
Power
Geographic Review
•
Japan is a
mountainous
archipelago
-
chain of
islands in the
pacific ocean.
•
Located East
of Korea and
China
Setting the Stage
•
In the early 1600’s, Japan shut itself off
from the world
(
isolationism
)
•
Under the rule of the
Tokugawa
shoguns
, Japan remained strictly
ordered by following a system of
feudalism
(strict class distinctions
and land ownership)
•
Samurai warriors
kept Japan
protected and fairly peaceful for two
centuries.
Demand for Trade
•
Other than occasional contact/trade
with
Korea and China
, Japan had
little to no contact with other nations
before the 1800’s.
•
By the early 1800’s, many western
nations tried to convince the Japanese
to open their ports to trade.
•
Much like ethnocentric and
isolationist neighbor China, Japan
often refused to receive these nations.
End to Isolation
•
In 1853, American
president Millard
Fillmore sent naval
Commodore Mathew
Perry
to deliver a letter
to the Japanese
government
•
This letter urged Japan
to
open up its ports
to
western trade or be
destroyed in one years
time.
Treaty of Kanagawa-1854
•
The Japanese reply came in the form
of the
Treaty of Kanagawa
.
•
Fearing the military and
technological superiority of the
United States,
Japan agreed to
open 2 ports for the U.S. to take
on supplies.
•
Once this door was opened, many
other European nations followed to
get a piece of the action.
Meiji Reform and Modernization
•
When unpopular Tokugawa Shogun
stepped down in 1867, the young
Emperor Mutsuhito
brought a new
sense of
national pride
to Japan.
•
Mutsuhito felt that the best way to
counter
Western influence in Japan was
to quickly
modernize, industrialize,
and militarize.
•
This began the
Meiji Era
(1867-1913)
(Meiji = “
enlightened rule
” )
Little Nation, Big Power
•
Japan modeled their navy after
Great Britain
, their government
and army after
Germany
, and
their educational system after the
United States
.
•
In a matter of only
30 years
, Japan
transformed from a weak
isolated
nation to a powerful,
industrial
nation!
Quick Acrostic/Mnemonic Device
•
M = Meiji
•
E = Ends
•
I = Isolation
•
J = Japan
•
I = Industrializes
From Nationalism to Imperialism
•
Feeling proud of their new strength,
Japan's feelings of
Nationalism
grew.
•
Japan looked to compete with Europe
and build their own imperial empire.
Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)
•
With their new and improved military,
Japan looked to defeat their biggest
Asian competitors:
China
•
The
Sino-Japanese war
was fought
between Japan and China for trading
rights in Korea.
•
Lasted just a few months, Japan drove
China out of Korea, destroyed the
Chinese navy, and gained a foothold in
Manchuria.
Russo-Japanese War (1904)
•
War fought between
Japan and Russia for
control over
Manchuria
, a region
rich in resources in
North Eastern China
(borders Korea).
•
Ends in an
embarrassing defeat
for the much larger
Russians!
Russo-Japanese War Cartoons
Japanese Annexation of Korea
•
After defeating Russia, Japan attacked
Korea with a vengeance.
•
In 1905 Korea became a Japanese
protectorate
•
By 1910, Japan took over, or
annexed
all of Korea.
•
Japan then set out on a brutal
campaign to destroy Korean culture,
and take over their businesses and
industries.
International Reaction
•
Witnessing the brutal nature of
Japan’s conquests, European
nations began to fear Japan’s
growing power and harsh,
repressive rule over Korea.
•
However, many of these nations
failed to act due to their own
imperialistic goals and actions
(fear of being hypocritical)
Japan Between the World Wars
•
Poor economic times caused by the
Great Depression
led people in Japan to
blame their Government for a lack of
action and aid.
•
During this time, Military leaders gained
support and began to run Japan behind
Emperor Hirohito
as figure head.
•
Nationalism grew and so did their
empire! Japan’s military leaders looked
to solve their economic problems
through
expansion
and imperialism.
Japan Invades Manchuria
•
After withdrawing from the
League of
Nations
in 1933, Japan proceeded to Invade
Northern China.
•
Despite their superior numbers, China’s army
was no match for Japan’s forces who were
better trained.
•
Northern cities such as Beijing and Nanjing
were seized and tens of thousands of
captured soldiers, woman, and children were
slaughtered.
•
These brutal acts were known as the “
Rape
of Nanjing”
(1937-1938)
Images of the “Rape of Nanjing”
End to Imperialism
•
Japan continued their harsh expansion
through WWII.
•
Following the dropping of the Atomic
bombs on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
in 1945, Japan finally surrendered to
the U.S. (
V-J Day
)
•
This marked the end of Japanese
Imperialism and the start of American
occupation.
•
Japan was
demilitarized
according
to their new constitution.
Japan's journey during the Age of Imperialism saw it transition from isolationism to becoming an imperial power. From strict order under the Tokugawa shoguns to the Meiji Era's rapid modernization, Japan adopted Western influences to reform and militarize. The Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854 marked the end of isolation as Japan opened its ports to foreign trade, leading to significant internal changes and international prominence.
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Presentation Transcript
Japan During the Age of Imperialism From Victim to Imperial Power japan-flag
Geographic Review Japan is a mountainous archipelago- chain of islands in the pacific ocean. Located East of Korea and China
Setting the Stage In the early 1600 s, Japan shut itself off from the world (isolationism) Under the rule of the Tokugawa shoguns, Japan remained strictly ordered by following a system of feudalism (strict class distinctions and land ownership) Samurai warriors kept Japan protected and fairly peaceful for two centuries.
Demand for Trade Other than occasional contact/trade with Korea and China, Japan had little to no contact with other nations before the 1800 s. By the early 1800 s, many western nations tried to convince the Japanese to open their ports to trade. Much like ethnocentric and isolationist neighbor China, Japan often refused to receive these nations.
End to Isolation millard_fillmore In 1853, American president Millard Fillmore sent naval Commodore Mathew Perry to deliver a letter to the Japanese government This letter urged Japan to open up its ports to western trade or be destroyed in one years time.
Treaty of Kanagawa-1854 The Japanese reply came in the form of the Treaty of Kanagawa. Fearing the military and technological superiority of the United States, Japan agreed to open 2 ports for the U.S. to take on supplies. Once this door was opened, many other European nations followed to get a piece of the action.
Meiji Reform and Modernization When unpopular Tokugawa Shogun stepped down in 1867, the young Emperor Mutsuhito brought a new sense of national pride to Japan. Mutsuhito felt that the best way to counter Western influence in Japan was to quickly modernize, industrialize, and militarize. This began the Meiji Era (1867-1913) (Meiji = enlightened rule )
Little Nation, Big Power Japan modeled their navy after Great Britain, their government and army after Germany, and their educational system after the United States. In a matter of only 30 years, Japan transformed from a weak isolated nation to a powerful, industrial nation!
Quick Acrostic/Mnemonic Device M = Meiji E = Ends I = Isolation J = Japan I = Industrializes
From Nationalism to Imperialism Feeling proud of their new strength, Japan's feelings of Nationalism grew. Japan looked to compete with Europe and build their own imperial empire.
Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) With their new and improved military, Japan looked to defeat their biggest Asian competitors: China The Sino-Japanese war was fought between Japan and China for trading rights in Korea. Lasted just a few months, Japan drove China out of Korea, destroyed the Chinese navy, and gained a foothold in Manchuria.
Russo-Japanese War (1904) War fought between Japan and Russia for control over Manchuria, a region rich in resources in North Eastern China (borders Korea). Ends in an embarrassing defeat for the much larger Russians!
Japanese Annexation of Korea After defeating Russia, Japan attacked Korea with a vengeance. In 1905 Korea became a Japanese protectorate By 1910, Japan took over, or annexed all of Korea. Japan then set out on a brutal campaign to destroy Korean culture, and take over their businesses and industries.
International Reaction Witnessing the brutal nature of Japan s conquests, European nations began to fear Japan s growing power and harsh, repressive rule over Korea. However, many of these nations failed to act due to their own imperialistic goals and actions (fear of being hypocritical)
Japan Between the World Wars Poor economic times caused by the Great Depression led people in Japan to blame their Government for a lack of action and aid. During this time, Military leaders gained support and began to run Japan behind Emperor Hirohito as figure head. Nationalism grew and so did their empire! Japan s military leaders looked to solve their economic problems through expansion and imperialism.
Japan Invades Manchuria After withdrawing from the League of Nations in 1933, Japan proceeded to Invade Northern China. Despite their superior numbers, China s army was no match for Japan s forces who were better trained. Northern cities such as Beijing and Nanjing were seized and tens of thousands of captured soldiers, woman, and children were slaughtered. These brutal acts were known as the Rape of Nanjing (1937-1938)
End to Imperialism Japan continued their harsh expansion through WWII. Following the dropping of the Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, Japan finally surrendered to the U.S. (V-J Day) This marked the end of Japanese Imperialism and the start of American occupation. Japan was demilitarized according to their new constitution.
