Influence of Late Nitrogen Applications on Corn Yield on Mississippi River Alluvial Soils - 2017 NUE Conference

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Excessive rainfall in the lower Mississippi Delta can lead to late-season nitrogen deficiency in corn crops. Research conducted at the LSU AgCenter focused on evaluating the efficacy of supplemental nitrogen at late growth stages on Mississippi River alluvial soils. Field experiments from 2006 to 2014 examined the impact of late-applied nitrogen fertilizer at tassel emergence on corn yield. Results indicated the importance of timely nitrogen supplementation for improving crop production in regions prone to N deficiencies caused by environmental factors. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing corn yield in regions with variable growing conditions.

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INFLUENCE OF LATE NITROGEBN APPLICATIONS ON CORN YIELD ON MISSISSIPPI RIVER ALLUVIAL SOILS 2017 NUE Conference Baton Rouge, LA August 7 - 9, 2017 Rick Mascagni, Brenda Tubana, Marilyn Dalen LSU AgCenter

INTRODUCTION Excessive rainfall often occcurs during the corn growing season in the lower Mississippi Delta. N deficiency may occur late in the season due to N fertilizer loss via denitrification and reduced N fertilizer use efficiency or to increased plant demand and higher yield potential as a result of good growing conditions.

OBJECTIVE More information is needed on the efficacy of supplemental N at late growth stages of corn on Mississippi River alluvial soils

PROCEDURES Field experiments were conducted from 2006 to 2014 on Commerce silt loam and Sharkey clay at the Northeast Research Station (NERS) near St. Joseph, LA to evaluate the efficacy of late-applied N fertilizer at tassel emergence. Commerce silt loam For early-season N rates (ESN), N fertilizer was injected as UAN after emergence at rates of 0, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 lb N/a. Supplemental N at 60 lb N/acre was also applied at tassel at the 120 lb N/a ESN rate.

PROCEDURES Sharkey clay (non-irrigated and irrigated) For ESN rates, N fertilizer was injected as UAN after emergence at rates of 0, 180, 210, 240, and 270 lb N/a. Supplemental N at 60 lb N/a was also applied at tassel at the 180 lb N/a ESN rate. Relative SPAD meter values were determined at silk emergence from the ear leaf.

Sharkey silty clay (Irr) 200 y = 17.0 + 1.3x 0.0023x2 180 Commerce silt loam y = 44.8 + 1.2x 0.0028x2 160 140 Yield, bu/acre y = 18.0 + 1.1x 0.0023x 120 100 Sharkey silty clay (Non-Irr) 80 60 40 20 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 N rate, lb/acre Influence of ESN rate on corn yield averaged across years on non-irrigated and irrigated Sharkey silty clay and non-irrigated Commerce silt loam at St. Joseph.

Cultural information on non-irrigated Sharkey clay at the NERS. Planting date Late-N applicatio n Date of LN and act. Year Hybrid ESN - GS 2006 Mar 16 P 33R81 2-lf AN-BC 6/2-6/19 2007 Mar 16 P 33R81 2-lf AN-BC 5/31 2008 Mar 28 DG 58P59 2-lf UAN-DR 6/2-6/20 2009 Apr 17 DG 58P59 2-lf UAN-DR 6/15-7/5

Influence of ESN and supplemental N at R1 growth stage on yield on non-irrigated Sharkey clay at the NERS. N tmt 1 2 3 4 lb N/a 0 bu/acre 14.9 38.9 12.1 15.6 180 142.1 125.3 162.7 93.2 180+60 145.8 124.3 169.1 94.4 210 - 128.2 165.1 108.1 240 146.6 126.4 166.4 106.0 270 143.8 124.9 170.7 108.4 LSD (0.10) 24.9 12.6 9.2 6.4

160 Non-Irrigated Sharkey clay 150 137 140 136.4 133.8 133.4 130.8 Yield, bu/a 130 120 110 100 180 180+60 210 240 270 N treatment, lb N/a Influence of ESN rates and supplemental N at early silk on non-irrigated Sharkey clay at St. Joseph. No-N control was 20.4 bu/acre. LSD (0.10) = NS

Cultural information on irrigated Sharkey clay at the NERS. Planting date Hybrid Late-N application Date of LN and act. Expt. No. Year ESN - GS 5 2006 Mar 16 P 33R81 2-lf AN-BC 6/2 6 2007 Mar 16 P 33R81 2-lf AN-BC 5/31 7 2008 Mar 28 DG 58P59 2-lf UAN-DR 6/2 8 2009 Apr 17 DG 58P59 2-lf UAN-DR 6/15 9 2010 Apr 1 DG 58P59 2-lf UAN-DR 6/7 10 2012 Mar 29 6 hybrids 3-lf UR-BC 6/5 11 2012 Apr 9 2 hybrids 2-lf URAS-BC 6/6 12 2013 Mar 28 2 hybrids 3-lf UR-BC 6/11

Influence of ESN and supplemental N at R1 growth stage on yield on irrigated Sharkey clay at the NERS. N tmt lb N/a 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 bu/a 22.3 41.1 25.0 20.3 3.9 - - 6.4 180 176.1 185.3 189.5 127.6 129.7 190.6 177.6 149.7 180+60 191.8 191.1 194.0 152.0 140.3 200.6 217.0 187.0 210 184.6 200.1 194.1 143.1 138.7 198.9 193.7 - 240 199.0 210.0 202.8 147.3 149.1 204.1 209.2 186.9 270 192.2 204.1 194.5 163.5 157.7 - 215.3 - LSD (.10) 20.7 12.3 8.8 6.0 6.5 4.9 6.5 13.5

220 Irrigated Sharkey clay 200 188.6 187.9 184.2 179 180 165.8 Yield, bu/a 160 140 120 100 180 180+60 210 240 270 N treatment, lb N/a Influence of ESN rates and supplemental N at early silk on irrigated Sharkey clay at St. Joseph. No-N control was 19.8 bu/acre. LSD (0.10) = 5.8

Influence of ESN rates on relative SPAD values at tassel on Sharkey clay at the NERS. N rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 12 lb N/A -------Non-irrigated----------- -----------------Irrigated---------------------- 0 0.53 0.56 0.58 0.49 0.52 0.55 0.45 0.55 0.53 180 0.96 0.92 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.98 210 - 0.94 0.95 0.94 1.00 0.97 - 0.98 1.00 240 1.02 0.97 0.95 1.00 1.01 0.98 1.00 0.98 0.94 270 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 - 1.00 1.00 LSD (.10) 0.09 0.13 0.26 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.03 0.04 0.06

Cultural information on Commerce silt loam at the NERS. Expt. No. Planting date ESN - GS Late-N application Date of LN and act. Year Hybrid 17 2006 Mar 16 P 33R81 2-lf AN-BC 6/6-6/19 18 2007 Mar 16 P 33R81 2-lf AN-BC 5/27-5/31 22 2011 Mar 24 REV 28HR20 3-lf UR-BC 6/7-6/9 24 2012 Mar 29 P 31P42 4-lf UR-BC 5/31 25 2014 Apr 13 2 hybrids 3-lf UR-BC 6/16-6/25 26 2014 Apr 13 REV 28HR20 4-lf UR-BC 6/20-6/25

Influence of ESN and supplemental N at R1 growth stage on yield on Commerce silt loam at the NERS. N tmt 17 18 22 24 25 26 lb N/a 0 bu/a 39.6 20.0 26.4 116.8 27.4 45.8 120 108.3 123.1 145.8 190.8 160.6 149.5 120+60 119.7 129.7 177.0 185.3 179.8 188.8 150 142.7 128.6 166.2 192.0 173.4 - 180 164.0 133.9 169.8 198.7 188.0 185.4 210 175.8 131.7 178.8 197.1 194.2 193.9 240 171.9 121.8 - 192.6 194.3 - LSD (.10) 13.9 NS 14.0 14.4 13.2 15.8

190 Commerce silt loam 178.6 180 173.3 172 170 163.4 160.6 160 Yield, bu/a 146.4 150 140 130 120 110 100 120 120+60 150 180 210 240 N treatment, lb N/a Influence of ESN rates and supplemental N at early silk on Commerce silt loam at St. Joseph. No-N control was 46.0 bu/acre. LSD (0.10) = 11.8

SUMMARY Optimum N rates occurred between 180 and 270 Optimum N rates occurred between 180 and 270 lb lb N/acre, depending on soil type and irrigation. depending on soil type and irrigation. N/acre, In irrigated clay and silt loam trials, there was a consistent In irrigated clay and silt loam trials, there was a consistent response to the supplemental N treatment at R1 growth response to the supplemental N treatment at R1 growth stage. stage. Averaged across experiments, there was little difference Averaged across experiments, there was little difference between the supplemental treatment and the equivalent between the supplemental treatment and the equivalent rate applied early season in the irrigated clay trials. rate applied early season in the irrigated clay trials. Relative SPAD meter readings at R1 averaged 0.53 for the Relative SPAD meter readings at R1 averaged 0.53 for the no no- -N control and 0.97 for the 180 N control and 0.97 for the 180 lb lb n/a ESN rate. n/a ESN rate.