Imperfect Indicative in Language
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Chapter 21
Imperfect Indicative
English
English: One past tense
•
Second principal part
•
Two aspects
Greek: Two tenses for both aspects
•
Perfective: “I read” (Aorist tense; Chapter 22)
•
Imperfective: “I was reading” (Imperfect tense)
Imperfect Tense
Meaning: Usually past, continuous
•
“I was loving”
•
“I was being loved”
Formation
Augment: prefix to indicate past time
•
ἔλυον
•
“Kicked”
Secondary personal endings
•
Primary: not augmented tenses
•
Secondary: augmented tenses
Augment
ἔ
λυον
Master Personal Ending Chart
Master Personal Ending Chart
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ἔλυον
ν
ἔλυες
ς
ἔλυε(ν)
- (ν)
ἐλύομεν
μεν
ἐλύετε
τε
ἔλυον
ν
Secondary Mid/Pas Personal Endings
ἐλυόμην
μην
ἐλύου
σο
ἐλύετο
το
ἐλυόμεθα
μεθα
ἐλύεσθε
σθε
ἐλύοντο
ντο
Imperfect Active Indicative
ἔ
λυ
ον
I was loosing
ο
ν
λύω
ἔ
λυ
ες
You were loosing
ε
ς
λύεις
ἔ
λυ
ε(ν)
He was loosing
ε
(ν)
λύει
ἐ
λύ
ομεν
We were loosing
ο
μεν
λύομεν
ἐ
λύ
ετε
You were loosing
ε
τε
λύετε
ἔ
λυ
ον
They were loosing
ο
ν
λύουσι(ν)
Imperfect Active Indicative
Imperfect Middle/Passive Indicative
ἐ
λυ
όμην
I was being loosed
ο
μην
ἐ
λύ
ου
You were being loosed
ε
σο
ἐ
λύ
ετο
He was being loosed
ε
το
ἐ
λυ
όμεθα
We were being loosed
ο
μεθα
ἐ
λύ
εσθε
You were being loosed
ε
σθε
ἐ
λύ
οντο
They were being loosed
ο
ντο
Imperfect Middle/Passive Indicative
Augment
1.
Begin with consonant: epsilon (syllabic)
•
λύω → ἔλυον
2.
Begin with vowel: lengthen (temporal)
•
ἀγαπάω → ἠγάπων, ἐρωτάω → ἠρώτων, ο → ω
3.
Diphthong: lengthen or nothing, ι subscripts
•
αἰτέω → ᾔτουν, εὑρίσκω → εὕρισκον
Augment
λύω →
ἔ
λυον
Augment
ἀγαπάω →
ἠ
γάπων
ἐρωτάω →
ἠ
ρώτων
ο → ω
Augment
αἰτέω →
ᾔ
τουν
εὑρίσκω →
εὕ
ρισκον
Imperfect Indicative
ἔρχομαι, (
ἠρχόμην
), ἐλεύσομαι,
ἦλθον or ἦλθα, ἐλήλυθα, –, –
Master Personal Ending Chart
primary tenses
secondary tenses
λύω
–
ἔλυον
ν
λύεις
ς
ἔλυες
ς
λύει
ι
ἔλυε(ν)
–
λύομεν
μεν
ἐλύομεν
μεν
λύετε
τε
ἐλύετε
τε
λύουσι(ν)
νσι
ἔλυον
ν
Master Personal Ending Chart
primary tenses
secondary tenses
λύομαι
μαι
ἐλυόμην
μην
λύῃ
σαι
ἐλύου
σο
λύεται
ται
ἐλύετο
το
λυόμεθα
μεθα
ἐλυόμεθα
μεθα
λύεσθε
σθε
ἐλύεσθε
σθε
λύονται
νται
ἐλύοντο
ντο
Odds ‘n Ends
If middle-only in present ...
Parsing: Form I memorized or something else?
Odds ‘n Ends
ἔλεγεν
Odds ‘n Ends
κατ
α
βαίνω → κατ
έ
βαινον
περιπατέω → περι
ε
πάτουν
ἐκβάλλω → ἐ
ξ
έβαλλον
Contract Verbs
ἠγάπων
ἐποίουν
ἐπλήρουν
ἠγάπας
ἐποίεις
ἐπλήρους
ἠγάπα
ἐποίει
ἐπλήρου
ἠγαπῶμεν
ἐποιοῦμεν
ἐπληροῦμεν
ἠγαπᾶτε
ἐποιεῖτε
ἐπληροῦτε
ἠγάπων
ἐποίουν
ἐπλήρουν
εἰμί
ἤμην
I was
ἦς
You were
ἦν
He/she/it was
ἦμεν / ἤμεθα
We were
ἦτε
You were
ἦσαν
They were
Preparatory use of “there”
ἐστὶν
οἶκος παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν
Summary
1.
Imperfect: continuous normally past
2.
Augment + present + cv + secondary
3.
Augment (4 rules)
4.
Secondary personal endings
5.
Middle-only/deponent
6.
Contract verbs
7.
εἰμί
Master Verb Chart
ἀκολουθέω
διδάσκω
ἐπερωτάω
ἐρωτάω
θέλω
περιπατέω
συναγωγή, -ῆς, ἡ
Φαρισαῖος, -ου, ὁ
χρόνος, -ου, ὁ
In this informative content, explore the concept of Imperfect Indicative in language learning. Discover the meaning, formation, and usage of the Imperfect Tense, along with examples and charts showcasing the augment, personal endings, and indicative forms for both active and middle/passive voices. Enhance your understanding of Imperfect Indicative through detailed explanations and visual aids.
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Presentation Transcript
Chapter 21 Imperfect Indicative
English English: One past tense Second principal part Two aspects Greek: Two tenses for both aspects Perfective: I read (Aorist tense; Chapter 22) Imperfective: I was reading (Imperfect tense)
Imperfect Tense Meaning: Usually past, continuous I was loving I was being loved
Formation Augment: prefix to indicate past time Kicked Secondary personal endings Primary: not augmented tenses Secondary: augmented tenses
Master Personal Ending Chart Primary Secondary Active Middle/Passive
Master Personal Ending Chart Primary Secondary Active Present act Imperfect act Middle/Passive Present mid/pas Imperfect mid/pas
Secondary Active Personal Endings ( ) - ( )
Imperfect Active Indicative Augment + Present tense stem + Connecting vowel + Secondary active personal endings + + +
Imperfect Active Indicative ( ) I was loosing You were loosing He was loosing ( ) We were loosing You were loosing They were loosing ( )
Imperfect Middle/Passive Indicative Augment + Present tense stem + Connecting vowel + Secondary middle/passive personal endings + + +
Imperfect Middle/Passive Indicative I was being loosed You were being loosed He was being loosed We were being loosed You were being loosed They were being loosed
Augment 1. Begin with consonant: epsilon (syllabic) 2. Begin with vowel: lengthen (temporal) , , 3. Diphthong: lengthen or nothing, subscripts ,
Imperfect Indicative , ( ), , or , , ,
Master Personal Ending Chart primary tenses secondary tenses ( ) ( )
Master Personal Ending Chart primary tenses secondary tenses
Odds n Ends If middle-only in present ... Parsing: Form I memorized or something else?
Summary 1. Imperfect: continuous normally past 2. Augment + present + cv + secondary 3. Augment (4 rules) 4. Secondary personal endings 5. Middle-only/deponent 6. Contract verbs 7.
Master Verb Chart Tense Aug/ Redup Tense stem Tense form. Conn. vowel Personal endings 1st sg paradigm Imperfect act Imperfect m/p pres pres / / sec act sec m/p
Vocabulary , - ,
Vocabulary , - ,
Vocabulary , - ,
