Forming Interrogative Statements in Luganda with MU-MI Class Subjects
LESSON
2:
SIMPLE
SENTENCES
Turning MU- MI Class simple sentences into
interrogative statements
•
In the last lesson we looked at forming simple
sentences with nouns in MU- BA and Mu -Mi
classes.
•
You can turn the simple sentences with Mu-Mi
class subjects into questions by simply removing
the full stop and putting a question mark at the
end.
•
When speaking, the voice will go up at the end
for a question, while for a statement the voice
comes down at the end.
Examples
•
Omuti gugudde? Has the tree fallen?
•
Emiti gigudde? Have the trees fallen?
•
Omuyembe gumeze? Has the mango tree sprouted?
•
Emiyembe gimeze? Have the mango trees sprouted?
•
Omusota gudduse? Has the snake run?
•
Emisota gidduse? Have the snakes run?
Please note:
•
In some cases the prefix ‘gu’ turns into ‘gwe’ and
in these cases the plural prefix g’ turns into gye
•
This arises when the root verb begins with vowel
‘e’ and since in Luganda we do not write two
different vowels next to each other in a word, ‘u-
e ‘ combination becomes ‘we’
•
E.g: We have root verb ‘engera’, meaning to ripen
so the sentence will be
•
Omuyembe gu + engera = gwengera
•
Omuyembe gwengera The mango is ripening up.
w
More examples
•
Omusota gu + ebase = Omusota gwebase
•
If ‘gu’ is being added to a verb root which
begins with vowel ‘a’ then then it becomes
‘gwa’
•
E.g Omupiira gu + abise – Omupiira gwabise.
•
The ball has burst.
•
Omusota gu + asama = Omusota gwasama
•
The snake is opening its mouth.
w
In plural
•
In plural, gi + e = gye and
•
gi + a = gya
•
Examples:
•
Emiyembe gi + engera = Emiyembe gyengera.
•
Emisota gi + asama = Emisota gyasama.
•
NB: You can sometimes hear some people say ‘Omuyembe
guye
ngera’ or
Omusota
guya
sama but these are usually children and learners who have not
yet grasped the above language rule.
SIMPLE SENTENCES WITH THE LI- MA
CLASS SUBJECTS
•
Li- ma class subjects are those nouns which
begin with prefix ‘li’ added to the root of the
noun in singular and prefix ‘ma’ added to the root
of the noun when turning them to plural.
•
Examples:
•
Liiso – Eye Maaso – eyes
•
Linnyo - Tooth Mannyo – Teeth
•
Lyato - Boat Maato - Boats
•
(NB: Lyato comes from Li (subject prefix) + ato (root of the noun) and because in Luganda we do not write
two dissimilar vowels next to each other, i+a becomes ya, thus the word lyato)
Examples of simple sentences
•
When forming subject- predicate sentences with
nouns in the Li- Ma class, you add prefix ‘li’ to the
root verb when the subject is in singular.
•
Examples
•
Linnyo
li
sala - Erinnyo
li
sala. - A tooth cuts.
•
Liiso
li
raba - Eriiso liraba. - The eye sees.
•
Lyato
li
tambula - Eryato litambula
- The boat travels
•
(Note that the letter ‘e’ at the beginning of the noun denotes article ‘the or a’)
Plural
•
When forming simple sentences with nouns in Li- Ma
class, in plural you add prefix ‘ga’ to the root of the
verb.
•
Examples:
•
Mannyo
ga
sala. - Amannyo
ga
sala.
- The teeth cut.
•
Maaso
ga
laba - Amaaso
ga
laba.
•
- The eyes see.
•
Maato
ga
tambula - Amaato gatambula
-The boats travel.
(Note that the letter ‘A’ at the beginning of the noun denotes article ‘the’)
NOTE:
•
Please take note that noun class prefix ‘li’ added
to many nouns in this category, changes form and
adopts the first consonant of the root noun
doubling it and giving it a strong sound
•
E.g Li + sasi= lisasi =
S
sasi
•
Ssasi
li
gudde Essasi
li
gudde.
•
The bullet has fallen.
•
Li + tabi = Litabi= Ttabi
•
Ttabi likaze. Ettabi likaze
•
The branch (of a tree) has dried up.
s
T
•
However in plural, the ‘ma’ prefix is clearly seen
replacing one of the consonants at the beginning
of the noun root thus proving that the noun
belongs to the Li- Ma class.
•
Examples:
•
Ma
sasi
ga
gudde Amasasi
ga
gudde.
•
Matabi
ga
kaze. Amatabi
ga
kaze.
•
So many nouns belonging to the Li- ma class do
not carry the ‘Li’ prefix but will have a double
consonant at the beginning with one of the
consonants representing the class prefix.
Learn how to turn simple sentences with MU-MI class subjects into interrogative statements in Luganda by replacing the full stop with a question mark. Understand the changes in prefixes when forming questions, such as 'g' to 'gy' and 'gu' to 'gwa'. Practice examples and grasp the rules for creating questions effectively.
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Presentation Transcript
LESSON 2: SIMPLE SENTENCES Turning MU- MI Class simple sentences into interrogative statements In the last lesson we looked at forming simple sentences with nouns in MU- BA and Mu -Mi classes. You can turn the simple sentences with Mu-Mi class subjects into questions by simply removing the full stop and putting a question mark at the end. When speaking, the voice will go up at the end for a question, while for a statement the voice comes down at the end.
Examples Omuti gugudde? Has the tree fallen? Emiti gigudde? Have the trees fallen? Omuyembe gumeze? Has the mango tree sprouted? Emiyembe gimeze? Have the mango trees sprouted? Omusota gudduse? Has the snake run? Emisota gidduse? Have the snakes run?
Please note: In some cases the prefix gu turns into gwe and in these cases the plural prefix g turns into gye This arises when the root verb begins with vowel e and since in Luganda we do not write two different vowels next to each other in a word, u- e combination becomes we E.g: We have root verb engera , meaning to ripen so the sentence will be Omuyembe gu + engera = gwengera Omuyembe gwengera w The mango is ripening up.
More examples Omusota gu + ebase = Omusota gwebase If gu is being added to a verb root which begins with vowel a then then it becomes gwa E.g Omupiira gu + abise Omupiira gwabise. The ball has burst. Omusota gu + asama = Omusota gwasama The snake is opening its mouth. w
In plural In plural, gi + e = gye and gi + a = gya Examples: Emiyembe gi + engera = Emiyembe gyengera. Emisota gi + asama = Emisota gyasama. NB: You can sometimes hear some people say Omuyembe guyengera or Omusota guyasama but these are usually children and learners who have not yet grasped the above language rule.
SIMPLE SENTENCES WITH THE LI- MA CLASS SUBJECTS Li- ma class subjects are those nouns which begin with prefix li added to the root of the noun in singular and prefix ma added to the root of the noun when turning them to plural. Examples: Liiso Eye Maaso eyes Linnyo - Tooth Mannyo Teeth Lyato - Boat Maato - Boats (NB: Lyato comes from Li (subject prefix) + ato (root of the noun) and because in Luganda we do not write two dissimilar vowels next to each other, i+a becomes ya, thus the word lyato)
Examples of simple sentences When forming subject- predicate sentences with nouns in the Li- Ma class, you add prefix li to the root verb when the subject is in singular. Examples Linnyo lisala - Erinnyo lisala. - A tooth cuts. Liiso liraba - Eriiso liraba. - The eye sees. Lyato litambula - Eryato litambula - The boat travels (Note that the letter e at the beginning of the noun denotes article the or a )
Plural When forming simple sentences with nouns in Li- Ma class, in plural you add prefix ga to the root of the verb. Examples: Mannyo gasala. - Amannyo gasala. - The teeth cut. Maaso galaba - Amaaso galaba. - The eyes see. Maato gatambula - Amaato gatambula -The boats travel. (Note that the letter A at the beginning of the noun denotes article the )
NOTE: Please take note that noun class prefix li added to many nouns in this category, changes form and adopts the first consonant of the root noun doubling it and giving it a strong sound E.g Li + sasi= lisasi = Ssasi Ssasi ligudde Essasi ligudde. The bullet has fallen. Li + tabi = Litabi= Ttabi Ttabi likaze. Ettabi likaze The branch (of a tree) has dried up. s T
However in plural, the ma prefix is clearly seen replacing one of the consonants at the beginning of the noun root thus proving that the noun belongs to the Li- Ma class. Examples: Masasi gagudde Amasasi gagudde. Matabi gakaze. Amatabi gakaze. So many nouns belonging to the Li- ma class do not carry the Li prefix but will have a double consonant at the beginning with one of the consonants representing the class prefix.
