Exception Handling in Java

Exception handling in Java is crucial for managing errors and ensuring smooth program execution. By using try, catch, and finally blocks, developers can gracefully handle exceptions, preventing program crashes. Nested try-catch blocks and multiple catch clauses offer flexibility in handling various types of exceptions thrown during runtime.

• Java
• Exception Handling
• Error Management
• Try-Catch Blocks

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1. Exception Handling in Java

2. An object of exception class is thrown exception object Int data=10/0; Is Yes No handled ? JVM 1)Prints out exception description 2) Prints the stack trace 3) Terminate the program Rest of the code is executed

3. Try Try- -catch Block catch Block try{ } catch (exception(type) e(object)) { //error handling code } //statements that may cause an exception

4. Multiple catch catch try { //Protected code } catch(ExceptionType1 e1) { //Catch block } catch(ExceptionType2 e2) { //Catch block }

5. Sequence of Events Preceding step try block statement unmatched catch matching catch unmatched catch next step

6. class Example2{ try{ catch(ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println("Warning: ArithmeticException"); } public static void main(String args[]){ int a[]=new int[7]; a[4]=30/0; } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){ System.out.println("Warning:ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException"); } catch(Exception e){ System.out.println("Warning: Some Other exception"); } System.out.println("Out of try-catch block..."); } }

7. Nested try catch Nested try catch One try-catch block can be present in the another try s body. This is called Nesting of try catch blocks. Each time a try block does not have a catch handler for a particular exception, the stack is unwound and the next try block s catch (i.e., parent try block s catch) handlers are inspected for a match. If no catch block matches, then the java run-time system will handle the exception.

8. Syntax of Nested try Catch try { statement 1; try { catch(Exception e1) { //Exception Message } } catch(Exception e2) //Catch of Main(parent) try block { //Exception Message } statement 2; }

9. What is Finally Block What is Finally Block A finally statement must be associated with a try statement. It identifies a block of statements that needs to be executed regardless of whether or not an exception occurs within the try block. It will run regardless of whether an exception was thrown and handled by the try and catch parts of the block.

10. Try-catch-finally In normal execution the finally block is executed after try block. When any exception occurs first the catch block is executed and then finally block is executed. Try { } catch( ) { .. } Finally { } Try { . } Finally { }

11. Program Code Yes no Exception Occurred ? Yes no Exception Handled ? Finally block is executed

12. Sequence for finally clause Preceding step try block statement unmatched catch matching catch unmatched catch finally next step

13. class Simple{ public static void main(String args[]){ try{ int data=25/0; System.out.println(data); } catch(ArithmeticException e){ System.out.println(e); } finally{ System.out.println("finally block is always executed"); } System.out.println("rest of the code..."); } }

14. Throwing our Own Exceptions Throwing our Own Exceptions throw keyword In java we have already defined exception classes such as ArithmeticException, NullPointerException etc. These exceptions are implicitly thrown by JVM The throw keyword is used to explicitly throw an exception. These exceptions are known as user-defined exceptions.

15. Syntax of throw statement Syntax of throw statement throw new AnyThrowableInstance; IOException e = new IOException(); throw e;

16. class MyException extends Exception { public MyException (String msg) { super(msg); } } class TestMyException { public static void main(String[] args) { int age=-2; try { if(age < 0) throw new MyException("Age can't be less than zero"); } catch (MyException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }

17. throws throws keyword The throws keyword is used to declare an exception. It gives an information to the programmer that there may occur an exception. So it is better for the programmer to provide the exception handling code so that normal flow can be maintained. Syntax of throws keyword: void method_name() throws exception_class_name { ... }

18. import java.io.*; class M { void method() throws IOException{ throw new IOException("device error"); } } class Test{ public static void main(String args[])throws IOException{ Test t=new Test(); t.method(); System.out.println("normal flow..."); } }

19. throw keyword throws keyword throw is used to explicitly throw an exception. throws is used to declare an exception. checked exception can not be propagated without throws. checked exception can be propagated with throws. throw is followed by an instance. throws is followed by class. throw is used within the method. throws is used with the method signature. You cannot throw multiple exception You can declare multiple exception e.g. public void method()throws IOException,SQLException.

20. Common Questions 1. What is exception? How it is handled? Explain with suitable example. 2. Explain following terms with respect to exception 1. try 2. catch 3. throw 4. Finally 3. What are different types of errors? What is use of throw, throws, finally. 4. Write a program to throw a user defined exception String Mismatch if two strings are not equal.