Enhancing Student Success through Service-Learning Initiatives

 
How to Make Service-Learning
Work with Your Classes
 
April 25, 2011
 
Presenter:  Barbara Jacoby, Ph.D.
 
 
 
 
1
 
Overview of Agenda
 
Service-learning and student success
Models of service-learning in the curriculum
Fundamental principles of reflection and
reciprocity
What it takes to support service-learning
Resources
 
2
 
 Setting the Context: Service-Learning
at the Intersection
 
 
A.
Reaffirming the public purpose of higher
education
B.
Student engagement in learning
C.
Learning outcomes and assessment
 
3
 
A. Reaffirming the Public Purpose of
Higher Education
 
Social problems are growing locally and
globally
 
Higher education—particularly research
universities—are being called on to respond
 
4
 
 
Center for Information and Research on Civic
Engagement (CIRCLE)
www.civicyouth.org
Campus Compact
www.compact.org
 
5
 
B. Student Engagement in Learning
 
High Impact Practices
First-year seminars
Learning communities
Collaborative assignments
Diversity/global learning
Service-Learning
Undergraduate research
Capstone courses
 
6
 
Service-Learning and Retention
 
Direct relationship to success and graduation
S-L students are more likely to re-enroll,
interact with faculty, and study
S-L provides sense of purpose
S-L enables students to retain course content,
develop the habit of critical thinking, and
seek to be part of the solution to social
problems
 
7
 
C.  Learning Outcomes and
Assessment
 
Learning outcomes :
State what a student is expected to know or
be able to do
Are expressed in terms of knowledge, skills,
or attitudes
 
8
 
 
The focus of student assessment has
shifted from an emphasis on inputs
to an emphasis on outputs.
 
9
 
 
In service-learning, outcomes are
established and assessed for
students 
and
 communities.
 
Intentions are not enough; results are
what matters.
 
10
 
 What Service-Learning Is
 (and Is Not)
 
 
A.
What is unique about service-learning
B.
Basic principles of service-learning
 
1. Reflection
 
2. Reciprocity
C.  Models of service-learning in the curriculum
 
11
 
Service-Learning: A Balanced
Approach    
(A. Furco, 1996)
 
Recipient
  
BENEFICIARY
  
Provider
 
Service
   
FOCUS
   
Learning
 
 
   
SERVICE-LEARNING
 
 
COMMUNITY SERVICE
 
FIELD EDUCATION
VOLUNTEERISM
    
INTERNSHIP
 
12
 
Definition of Service-Learning
 
“Service-learning is a form of experiential
education in which students engage in
activities that address human and
community needs together with structured
opportunities for reflection designed to
achieve desired learning outcomes.”
− B. Jacoby, 
Service-Learning in Higher Education
,
1996
 
13
 
Key Principles of Service-Learning
 
 
Reflection
 
Reciprocity
 
14
 
Service-Learning Models
 
1.
Course where service-learning is optional
 
2.
Service-learning/fourth-credit option
 
3.
Service-learning course
 
4.
First-year experience
 
15
 
Service-Learning Models
 
5.
Service-learning internship or independent
study
 
6.
Field work service-learning
 
7.
Community-based research
 
8.  Service-learning capstone
 
 
 
 
 
16
 
Service-Learning Models
 
9.
International service-learning
 
10.
 Course sequencing
 
11.
 Engaged department or program
 
12.
 Engaged university
 
17
 
 
Reflection is the hyphen:
 
Service
-
Learning
 
18
 
 
Critical reflection is the powerful process of
making meaning out of a purposeful
combination of experiences and academic
content.
 
19
 
4 “C’s” of Critical Reflection
 
Continuous
Connected
Challenging
Contextualized
 
20
 
4 “C’s” of Critical Reflection
 
Continuous:
Before
During
After
the service experience
 
21
 
4 “C’s” of Critical Reflection
 
Connected:
 
Builds bridges among:
Content learning
Personal reflections
First-hand experiences
 
 
22
 
4 “C’s” of Critical Reflection
 
Challenging:
Poses old questions in new ways
Reveals new perspectives
Raises new questions
 
IMPORTANT:  Create a balance of challenge &
support.
 
 
23
 
4 “C’s” of Critical Reflection
 
Contextualized:
 
Form and process guided by context
Can occur in class or at service site
May involve community members
Consider critical incidents
 
 
24
 
Reflection is critical when:
 
It is designed to 
generate
 learning by
applying theory to practice, examining
causality, raising questions
It 
deepens 
learning by challenging simplistic
conclusions, comparing perspectives, asking
“why” iteratively
It
 documents 
learning by producing evidence
of learning for assessment.
 
25
 
Your Reflection
 
 
What comes to mind for you when you think
about a missed opportunity for deep learning
that has occurred in the context of your own
courses or other work with students?
 
26
 
Modes of Reflection
 
Telling
Writing
Activities
Multimedia
 
27
 
Example:
Psychology of Domestic Violence
 
Learning outcomes:
Demonstrate understanding of the dynamics and
effects of domestic violence.
Demonstrate understanding of various
approaches and their effectiveness.
Analyze the effects of gender, culture,
race/ethnicity, and SES on victims.
 
28
 
Example:
Psychology of Domestic Violence
 
Weekly service analysis papers
2 pages
include multiple references
 maximum 1 paragraph on what occurred
 critical reflection on how service experience
relates to readings
 
--O’Brien, K. M., PSYC 319D, University of Maryland, 2010
 
29
 
Example:
Psychology of Domestic Violence
 
Service analysis paper topics:
 
What did I learn about working with women or
children in crisis this week?
How successfully does the agency address the
issues victims face?
How does culture/race/SES influence my service
work?
 
30
 
Grading Service Analysis Papers
 
4 points = Exceptional, thoughtful critique
that truly integrated course concepts &
research into an analysis of the experience
 
3 points = Very good, thoughtful critique that
applies course concepts & research
 
31
 
Grading Service Analysis Papers
 
2 
points
 = Average to below average
analysis, does not thoroughly integrate
course concepts & research
 
1 point = Completed the assignment, but
did not provide a thoughtful analysis
 
--O’Brien, K. M., PSYC 319D, University of Maryland, 2010
 
32
 
3 “C’s” of Community Partnerships
 
 
1.
Communication
2.
Commitment
3.
Compatibility
 
− R. Stoecker & E. Tryon, 
The Unheard Voices
, 2009
 
33
 
3 “C’s” of Community Partnerships
 
 
Communication:
It’s the most important element.
Can’t be taken for granted.
Can’t be done only through email.
Find a common language.
 
34
 
3 “C’s” of Community Partnerships
 
 
Commitment:
Commitment is serious.
Length of commitment is critical.
Short-term projects may not be worth it.
 
 
35
 
3 “C’s” of Community Partnerships
 
Compatibility
 
Learning outcomes
Schedules and hours
Tasks
 
Service-learning cannot be just about the
students.
 
 
36
 
Faculty Support for Service-Learning
 
 
Faculty development
Faculty support
Faculty recognition
 
37
 
Service-Learning Offices and Centers
 
 
Provide faculty development and support
Serve as liaison with the community
Coordinate logistical issues
Offer a continuum of co-curricular activities
 
38
 
Resources
 
 
Campus Compact
CAS
www.servicelearning.org
Online providers (e.g., Magna, Academic
Impressions)
 
39
 
 
 
Thank you!
 
bjacoby@umd.edu
 
40
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Explore how service-learning can positively impact student success by integrating real-world experiences into educational settings, promoting student engagement, fostering critical thinking skills, and empowering students to be part of the solution to societal challenges. This presentation discusses models of service-learning, principles of reflection and reciprocity, supporting mechanisms, and the importance of learning outcomes assessment.

  • Service-Learning
  • Student Success
  • Higher Education
  • Engagement
  • Learning Outcomes

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  1. How to Make Service-Learning Work with Your Classes April 25, 2011 Presenter: Barbara Jacoby, Ph.D. 1

  2. Overview of Agenda Service-learning and student success Models of service-learning in the curriculum Fundamental principles of reflection and reciprocity What it takes to support service-learning Resources 2

  3. Setting the Context: Service-Learning at the Intersection A. Reaffirming the public purpose of higher education B. Student engagement in learning C. Learning outcomes and assessment 3

  4. A. Reaffirming the Public Purpose of Higher Education Social problems are growing locally and globally Higher education particularly research universities are being called on to respond 4

  5. Center for Information and Research on Civic Engagement (CIRCLE) www.civicyouth.org Campus Compact www.compact.org 5

  6. B. Student Engagement in Learning High Impact Practices First-year seminars Learning communities Collaborative assignments Diversity/global learning Service-Learning Undergraduate research Capstone courses 6

  7. Service-Learning and Retention Direct relationship to success and graduation S-L students are more likely to re-enroll, interact with faculty, and study S-L provides sense of purpose S-L enables students to retain course content, develop the habit of critical thinking, and seek to be part of the solution to social problems 7

  8. C. Learning Outcomes and Assessment Learning outcomes : State what a student is expected to know or be able to do Are expressed in terms of knowledge, skills, or attitudes 8

  9. The focus of student assessment has shifted from an emphasis on inputs to an emphasis on outputs. 9

  10. In service-learning, outcomes are established and assessed for students and communities. Intentions are not enough; results are what matters. 10

  11. What Service-Learning Is (and Is Not) A. What is unique about service-learning B. Basic principles of service-learning 1. Reflection 2. Reciprocity C. Models of service-learning in the curriculum 11

  12. Service-Learning: A Balanced Approach (A. Furco, 1996) Recipient BENEFICIARY Provider Service FOCUS Learning SERVICE-LEARNING COMMUNITY SERVICE VOLUNTEERISM FIELD EDUCATION INTERNSHIP 12

  13. Definition of Service-Learning Service-learning is a form of experiential education in which students engage in activities that address human and community needs together with structured opportunities for reflection designed to achieve desired learning outcomes. B. Jacoby, Service-Learning in Higher Education, 1996 13

  14. Key Principles of Service-Learning Reflection Reciprocity 14

  15. Service-Learning Models 1. Course where service-learning is optional 2. Service-learning/fourth-credit option 3. Service-learning course 4. First-year experience 15

  16. Service-Learning Models 5. Service-learning internship or independent study 6. Field work service-learning 7. Community-based research 8. Service-learning capstone 16

  17. Service-Learning Models 9. International service-learning 10. Course sequencing 11. Engaged department or program 12. Engaged university 17

  18. Reflection is the hyphen: Service-Learning 18

  19. Critical reflection is the powerful process of making meaning out of a purposeful combination of experiences and academic content. 19

  20. 4 Cs of Critical Reflection Continuous Connected Challenging Contextualized 20

  21. 4 Cs of Critical Reflection Continuous: Before During After the service experience 21

  22. 4 Cs of Critical Reflection Connected: Builds bridges among: Content learning Personal reflections First-hand experiences 22

  23. 4 Cs of Critical Reflection Challenging: Poses old questions in new ways Reveals new perspectives Raises new questions IMPORTANT: Create a balance of challenge & support. 23

  24. 4 Cs of Critical Reflection Contextualized: Form and process guided by context Can occur in class or at service site May involve community members Consider critical incidents 24

  25. Reflection is critical when: It is designed to generate learning by applying theory to practice, examining causality, raising questions It deepens learning by challenging simplistic conclusions, comparing perspectives, asking why iteratively It documents learning by producing evidence of learning for assessment. 25

  26. Your Reflection What comes to mind for you when you think about a missed opportunity for deep learning that has occurred in the context of your own courses or other work with students? 26

  27. Modes of Reflection Telling Writing Activities Multimedia 27

  28. Example: Psychology of Domestic Violence Learning outcomes: Demonstrate understanding of the dynamics and effects of domestic violence. Demonstrate understanding of various approaches and their effectiveness. Analyze the effects of gender, culture, race/ethnicity, and SES on victims. 28

  29. Example: Psychology of Domestic Violence Weekly service analysis papers 2 pages include multiple references maximum 1 paragraph on what occurred critical reflection on how service experience relates to readings --O Brien, K. M., PSYC 319D, University of Maryland, 2010 29

  30. Example: Psychology of Domestic Violence Service analysis paper topics: What did I learn about working with women or children in crisis this week? How successfully does the agency address the issues victims face? How does culture/race/SES influence my service work? 30

  31. Grading Service Analysis Papers 4 points = Exceptional, thoughtful critique that truly integrated course concepts & research into an analysis of the experience 3 points = Very good, thoughtful critique that applies course concepts & research 31

  32. Grading Service Analysis Papers 2 points = Average to below average analysis, does not thoroughly integrate course concepts & research 1 point = Completed the assignment, but did not provide a thoughtful analysis --O Brien, K. M., PSYC 319D, University of Maryland, 2010 32

  33. 3 Cs of Community Partnerships 1. Communication 2. Commitment 3. Compatibility R. Stoecker & E. Tryon, The Unheard Voices, 2009 33

  34. 3 Cs of Community Partnerships Communication: It s the most important element. Can t be taken for granted. Can t be done only through email. Find a common language. 34

  35. 3 Cs of Community Partnerships Commitment: Commitment is serious. Length of commitment is critical. Short-term projects may not be worth it. 35

  36. 3 Cs of Community Partnerships Compatibility Learning outcomes Schedules and hours Tasks Service-learning cannot be just about the students. 36

  37. Faculty Support for Service-Learning Faculty development Faculty support Faculty recognition 37

  38. Service-Learning Offices and Centers Provide faculty development and support Serve as liaison with the community Coordinate logistical issues Offer a continuum of co-curricular activities 38

  39. Resources Campus Compact CAS www.servicelearning.org Online providers (e.g., Magna, Academic Impressions) 39

  40. Thank you! bjacoby@umd.edu 40

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