Electron Arrangements in Atoms
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Matter, Atomic Structure, and Bonding
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Valence and Core Electrons
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1.
What do you
notice about the
number of spokes
on the circles?
2.
The spokes
represent
electrons. Do the
spokes represent
the total number of
electrons? Explain
your thinking.
K
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Q
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Why do elements in the same group in the periodic
table have similar properties?
Y
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:
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create a shell model diagram of an atom,
placing the correct number of electrons in the
correct shells
•
explain the difference between a valence
electron and a core electron
•
describe the patterns in the periodic table
associated with electron arrangements
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Work in pairs.
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The Shell Model
The surface of each
sphere represents an
area where an electron
or a group of electrons
is most likely to be found.
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Electron shells are the levels around the nucleus
where electrons can be found.
Sodium and magnesium have electrons in three electron shells.
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The atomic number of an element is the same as the
total number of electrons.
The period (row) number of the element is the
same as the number of electron shells.
For main-group elements, the group number of the
element is the same as the number of electrons in
the outermost shell.
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The arrangement of electrons in their shells is
highly predictable.
The numbers of core electrons also exhibit patterns
across each row of the periodic table.
W
r
a
p
U
p
Why do elements in the same group in the periodic
table have similar properties?
•
Electrons occupy distinct areas around the
nucleus called electron shells. The arrangement of
electrons in these shells is highly predictable.
•
For main group elements, elements in the same
group have the same number of valence electrons.
•
The number of valence electrons increases across
a period.
•
The number of shells and the number of core
electrons increase as you go down a group.
C
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I
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Provide each piece of information for element 34.
a.
The element
’
s name and symbol.
b.
The total number of electrons in an atom of
this element.
c.
The number of core electrons in an atom of
this element.
d.
The number of valence electrons.
e.
The group number for this element.
f.
The names of other elements with the same
number of valence electrons.
Explore the concepts of electron arrangements in atoms through activities and discussions on valence and core electrons, shell models, and patterns in the periodic table. Discover how the number of electrons in shells relates to element properties and learn to create shell model diagrams. Dive into the significance of valence and core electrons in determining chemical behavior and understand why elements in the same group exhibit similar properties.
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Presentation Transcript
Living By Chemistry SECOND EDITION Unit 1: ALCHEMY Matter, Atomic Structure, and Bonding
Lesson 18: Life on the Edge Valence and Core Electrons
ChemCatalyst 1. What do you notice about the number of spokes on the circles? The spokes represent electrons. Do the spokes represent the total number of electrons? Explain your thinking. 2.
Key Question Why do elements in the same group in the periodic table have similar properties?
You will be able to: create a shell model diagram of an atom, placing the correct number of electrons in the correct shells explain the difference between a valence electron and a core electron describe the patterns in the periodic table associated with electron arrangements
Prepare for the Activity Work in pairs.
Prepare for the Activity (cont.) The Shell Model The surface of each sphere represents an area where an electron or a group of electrons is most likely to be found.
Prepare for the Activity (cont.) Electron shells are the levels around the nucleus where electrons can be found. Sodium and magnesium have electrons in three electron shells.
Discussion Notes The atomic number of an element is the same as the total number of electrons. The period (row) number of the element is the same as the number of electron shells. For main-group elements, the group number of the element is the same as the number of electrons in the outermost shell.
Discussion Notes (cont.) Table of Valence and Core Electrons
Discussion Notes (cont.) Valence shell: The outermost electron shell in an atom. Valence electrons: The electrons located in the outermost electron shell of an atom. Core electrons: All other electrons in an atom besides the valence electrons.
Discussion Notes (cont.) The arrangement of electrons in their shells is highly predictable. The numbers of core electrons also exhibit patterns across each row of the periodic table.
Wrap Up Why do elements in the same group in the periodic table have similar properties? Electrons occupy distinct areas around the nucleus called electron shells. The arrangement of electrons in these shells is highly predictable. For main group elements, elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons. The number of valence electrons increases across a period. The number of shells and the number of core electrons increase as you go down a group.
Check-In Provide each piece of information for element 34. a. The element s name and symbol. b. The total number of electrons in an atom of this element. c. The number of core electrons in an atom of this element. d. The number of valence electrons. e. The group number for this element. f. The names of other elements with the same number of valence electrons.
