Disaster Mitigation & Local Safety Training for Nepali Communities

This training program focuses on understanding disaster risks, particularly earthquakes, in Nepal. It covers topics such as the geographical structure of Nepal, responding to earthquake disasters, local safety mapping, types of disasters (natural and man-made), major disasters in Nepal, and historical earthquake events in the country. The content emphasizes the importance of disaster preparedness and community resilience in mitigating the impacts of disasters.

• Disaster Mitigation
• Nepal
• Earthquake Preparedness
• Local Safety
• Community Resilience

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1. Training on Disaster Mitigation & Local Safety Map for Local Community 1

2. Contents Understanding Disaster Disasters in Nepal (Earthquakes in Nepal) Understanding earthquake disaster (basic) Geographical Structure of Nepal Ground level and different effect of disaster Responding to earthquake disaster (being safe and saving others) Local Safety Map 2

3. What is disaster? An event or fact that has unfortunate consequences. A sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life. An immediate and emergency situation that has damaged surroundings. An event (hazard, such as storm or earthquake) which creates a serious disruption of the functioning of a community involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community to cope using its own resources. Disasters can be natural or human-made. 3

4. Two (2) types of disasters DISASTERS Natural Disaster Man-made Disaster Earthquake Floods Air/Train crash Landslides etc Nuclear explosion War 4

5. Major Disasters In Nepal Flood Earthquake Accidents Epidemic Landslides et.c 5

6. Earthquake disasters in Nepal Date Deaths Mag. 1255, 7 June 2,200 7.8 1260 100 7.1 1344 100 7.9 1408 August 2,500 8.2 1505, 6 June 6,000 8.7 1681 January 4,500 8.0 1767 July 4,000 7.9 1833, 26 August 6,500 8.0 1869, 7 July 750 6.5 1916, 28 August 3,500 7.7 1934, 15 January 8,519 8.0 1966, 27 June 80 6.3 1980, 29 July 200 6.5 1988, 20 August 1,091 6.6 2011, 18 September 111 6.9 2015, 12 May 213 7.3 2015, 25 April 8,922 7.8

7. Earthquake disaster Tectonic plates are movable around the earth, it moves very slowly and while moving it creates fault lines below the earth s surface. This fault lines holds the energy and when this energy is released we felt it in the forms of shaking of our earth, which we called earthquake.

8. And all these plates are movable...

9. Movement of tectonic plates

10. Nepal Japan Plate Activity on Earth 10

11. Plate Activity in Nepal 8

12. Active Fault Lines in Nepal 12

13. Active Fault Lines in Japan 11

14. . Geographical structure of Nepal

15. Himalayan Geological zone classification in Nepal Hypocenter of Nepal earthquake (M7.8)on 25 April 2015 Himalayan Geological zone classification in Nepal 15

16. Ground level and different effect of disaster

17. Grade Grade Grade Grade Measure Soft Ground Hard Ground Fault Hypocenter Magnitude M6 M7 M8 M9 When Magnitude is increased 1, earthquake energy is about 32 times bigger. Energy 1 32 times 1,000 times 32,000 times Ex. Nepal earthquake 2015 M7.8 Tohoku Earthquake 2011 M9.0 Relation between Magnitude and Energy level Magnitude and Energy 14

18. Responding to earthquake We don t need to be the specialist trained in disaster to response to it. We can also respond if we have some basic skills. It may take hours, a day or even weeks for disaster workers to reach your areas. By that time it might be very late, you can start on your own with the help of your community people.

19. Three steps of responding earthquake disaster 1. Saving you and your family 2. Helping neighbors 3. Town management

20. Step 1 Saving you and your family Risk mapping/assessment of your house Find safe location inside the house Prepare earthquake action plan and meeting point outside Prepare outside escape routes Carry whistle and blow if your are trapped or injured Learn basic first aid skills Identify safe exit routes (supported with one video and examples) Group/individual work by drawing your living room/house to see risk/resources during earthquake

21. Step 2 (after your survival and family safety) Save your neighbors Check your neighbors Identify risk groups among your neighbors (senior citizens, pregnant women, single women living alone, Internally displaced population, handicapped, children etc.) Houses located in blind alley etc. Extinguish fire Rescue Support in Evacuation

22. Step 3 Community/town management (managing safe places or evacuation sites) 83 open spaces identified in a valley Evacuation site control/management Extinguish, rescue, evacuation Safety activities Collaboration with government and aid agencies Collect information Group work and presentation (if time allows)

23. Save your life Save your town Earthquake hours later 1day later days later Save your life first Check your neighbors Collect information Evacuation site control Check your fire utensil Extinguish fire Extinguish, resucue, evacuation Check your family Rescue Evacuation open Safety activities Extinguish fire Evacuation Collaboration with fire division Collaboration with fire division Time frame of activities in the case of emergency 19

24. Introduction to Local safety map Identify risk from the videos Small sharing Few minutes walk to identify risk/resources around the simulation hall Sharing and presentation

25. Reflection and sharing

26. Thank you!