Conservation Strategies in Animal Sciences at Bihar Veterinary College

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Speaker: 

Ramesh Kumar Singh

Assistant Professor cum Jr. Scientist

Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding

Bihar Veterinary College, Patna

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The conservation of AnGR should be based on following basic principles

The conservation of AnGR should be based on following basic principles



Population Size – Stock should be maintained with optimum population size above the

Population Size – Stock should be maintained with optimum population size above the

level of risk.

level of risk.



Characteristics of Stock – The stock for conservation should be of following types Viz.

Characteristics of Stock – The stock for conservation should be of following types Viz.

Pure form, Having special traits and Select diverse stock

Pure form, Having special traits and Select diverse stock



Environment conditions – Maintain and conserve the locally adapted breeds and that to in

Environment conditions – Maintain and conserve the locally adapted breeds and that to in

some location. Maintain live animals providing the similar feeding, management and

some location. Maintain live animals providing the similar feeding, management and

environmental conditions under which they had been traditionally kept.

environmental conditions under which they had been traditionally kept.



Breeding methods – the genetic merit and diversity should be maintained using

Breeding methods – the genetic merit and diversity should be maintained using

appropriate breeding programme.

appropriate breeding programme.

•

In-situ conservation – It involves the maintenance of live animals in their

In-situ conservation – It involves the maintenance of live animals in their

adaptive environment and animal population continues to evolve and be

adaptive environment and animal population continues to evolve and be

developed for more sustainable use.

developed for more sustainable use.

•

It is of further two types

It is of further two types



Active In-situ conservation – It is equivalent to breed development

Active In-situ conservation – It is equivalent to breed development

through animal breeding programme.

through animal breeding programme.



Passive In-situ conservation – It deals with maintenance of live animal’s

Passive In-situ conservation – It deals with maintenance of live animal’s

populations within their environment for the breeds which are at risk of

populations within their environment for the breeds which are at risk of

loss

loss

•

This is the best method for conserving a breed.

This is the best method for conserving a breed.

•

Genetic variability should be maintained.

Genetic variability should be maintained.

•

Proper breeding plan for genetic improvement make the breed

Proper breeding plan for genetic improvement make the breed

economically viable.

economically viable.

•

This method of conservation gradually makes to adapt the

This method of conservation gradually makes to adapt the

changing environment.

changing environment.

•

In-situ cost involved in maintaining large herd / flocks is

In-situ cost involved in maintaining large herd / flocks is

high.

high.

•

In-situ conservation can be done in better and scientific

In-situ conservation can be done in better and scientific

way at organized farms.

way at organized farms.

•

The conservation can be done in field condition by

The conservation can be done in field condition by

forming breed societies.

forming breed societies.

The population size of animals maintained at institutional herds is too

The population size of animals maintained at institutional herds is too

small for genetic improvement through selection.

small for genetic improvement through selection.

The genetic improvement of animal maintained at organised farms for

The genetic improvement of animal maintained at organised farms for

conservation can be done by the followings

conservation can be done by the followings



Effective population size

Effective population size



MOET

MOET



ONBS & CNBS

ONBS & CNBS



Improving the management and environment

Improving the management and environment



The Inbreeding and genetic drift have adverse effect on

The Inbreeding and genetic drift have adverse effect on

performances and fitness of animals which result due to  small

performances and fitness of animals which result due to  small

population size.

population size.



The organised farms having nucleus of at least 100 breedable

The organised farms having nucleus of at least 100 breedable

females can be used for selective breeding and conservation

females can be used for selective breeding and conservation

•

Individual farmers in India maintain small herd or flock of

Individual farmers in India maintain small herd or flock of

animal animals.

animal animals.

•

 So they are unable to kept bulls of high genetic merit.

 So they are unable to kept bulls of high genetic merit.

•

This forces them to mate their females with unselected bulls

This forces them to mate their females with unselected bulls

of low genetic merit available in and around they village.

of low genetic merit available in and around they village.

•

This result production of non-descript population.

This result production of non-descript population.

•

No data recording system is followed in farmer’s herd / flock

No data recording system is followed in farmer’s herd / flock

•

Forming breed societies

Forming breed societies

•

By covering the area of breed under herd Registration scheme for

By covering the area of breed under herd Registration scheme for

data recording.

data recording.

•

By giving incentives to the farmer’s different ways

By giving incentives to the farmer’s different ways

•

An amount for keeping purebred animal

An amount for keeping purebred animal

•

Provision semen and A.I facilities

Provision semen and A.I facilities

•

Support price for products

Support price for products

•

By increase in fodder resources

By increase in fodder resources

•

Improving economic efficiency  of indigenous animals by selective

Improving economic efficiency  of indigenous animals by selective

breeding, better health coverage and providing balanced ration.

breeding, better health coverage and providing balanced ration.

•

To create public awareness about the local breeds for their

To create public awareness about the local breeds for their

suitability and special attributes under native condition.

suitability and special attributes under native condition.

•

To maintain common grass land and other feed resources for

To maintain common grass land and other feed resources for

grazing of animals

grazing of animals

•

Allowing practice rotational grazing

Allowing practice rotational grazing

•

Re-seeding of grass lands and controlled grazing

Re-seeding of grass lands and controlled grazing

•

Controlled grazing in forest.

Controlled grazing in forest.

•

Practice of silvipasture and multitier vegetation

Practice of silvipasture and multitier vegetation

•

The Ex-situ conservation is practiced for economically not

The Ex-situ conservation is practiced for economically not

viable animals under In-situ conservations.

viable animals under In-situ conservations.

•

Otherwise it will be lost due to economic pressure.

Otherwise it will be lost due to economic pressure.

•

It is Ex-situ conservation of live animals in small numbers at place away from the

It is Ex-situ conservation of live animals in small numbers at place away from the

main breeding tract of the breed. Ex. organized herd of research station, Central

main breeding tract of the breed. Ex. organized herd of research station, Central

State govt. farms, Bulls mother farms and Zoo and breeding park

State govt. farms, Bulls mother farms and Zoo and breeding park

•

Major limitation of this method

Major limitation of this method

•

Small population size

Small population size

•

Increase in population size become uneconomical

Increase in population size become uneconomical

•

Breeding should be directed to increase performance over the year to make them

Breeding should be directed to increase performance over the year to make them

self-sustainable

self-sustainable

•

Effective population size should be maintained

Effective population size should be maintained

•

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•

Regeneration of endangered breed

Regeneration of endangered breed

•

New breed development

New breed development

•

Supporting in-vivo populations

Supporting in-vivo populations

•

Research for determining the effect of single major gene

Research for determining the effect of single major gene

•

DNA studies and genome mapping

DNA studies and genome mapping

•

The conservation of livestock genetic resources in the country should have the broad

The conservation of livestock genetic resources in the country should have the broad

based objectives with following lines of action

based objectives with following lines of action

A.

National survey programme

National survey programme

•

To determine demographical and geographical distribution of breed in their home tract.

To determine demographical and geographical distribution of breed in their home tract.

•

To characterize the different breeds of livestock species with respect to their

To characterize the different breeds of livestock species with respect to their

morphological, productive and reproductive characteristics management practices

morphological, productive and reproductive characteristics management practices

•

To identify superior germplasm and rare variants within specific breeds

To identify superior germplasm and rare variants within specific breeds

•

To establish National Data Bank to store information of all AnGR

To establish National Data Bank to store information of all AnGR

•

To identify the breeds / types declining towards extinction

To identify the breeds / types declining towards extinction

•

Planning improvement and conservation programme

Planning improvement and conservation programme

In-situ conservation programme 

In-situ conservation programme 

•

Herd Registration programme should started for all the breeds with active

Herd Registration programme should started for all the breeds with active

participation of the farmers for which they need incentive and technical support

participation of the farmers for which they need incentive and technical support

•

Government farms should keep breeds those are not economical to farmers

Government farms should keep breeds those are not economical to farmers

•

Breed societies should be formulated. The breed societies and voluntary

Breed societies should be formulated. The breed societies and voluntary

organisation should be given financial and scientific support by central and state

organisation should be given financial and scientific support by central and state

govt. for conservation of native breeds.

govt. for conservation of native breeds.

•

The capacity of Govt. animal’s farms should be increased with all types of

The capacity of Govt. animal’s farms should be increased with all types of

infrastructural facilities to keep the indigenous breeds of livestock for their In-situ

infrastructural facilities to keep the indigenous breeds of livestock for their In-situ

conservation

conservation

Contd…

•

Different breed should be adopted by different breeds organisation

Different breed should be adopted by different breeds organisation

in their have tracts.

in their have tracts.

•

Associated Herd Progeny Testing should be adopted genetic

Associated Herd Progeny Testing should be adopted genetic

evaluation and conservation

evaluation and conservation

•

Goshalas having purebred animals should be supported by

Goshalas having purebred animals should be supported by

providing semen from bull mother station free of cost

providing semen from bull mother station free of cost

•

The crossbreeding should be restricted to non-descript population

The crossbreeding should be restricted to non-descript population

and low productive animals of the breed.

and low productive animals of the breed.

•

India has good infrastructure for semen collection, storage and deep freezing

India has good infrastructure for semen collection, storage and deep freezing

•

It should be made mandatory to preserve excess semen doses

It should be made mandatory to preserve excess semen doses

•

The semen and embryo bank should be stablished

The semen and embryo bank should be stablished

•

Training programmes should be organised

Training programmes should be organised

•

Department of A.H. and Dairying, Govt. of India

Department of A.H. and Dairying, Govt. of India

•

SAU’s and Veterinary Colleges

SAU’s and Veterinary Colleges

•

State Animal Husbandry Department

State Animal Husbandry Department

•

Non-Government organisation

Non-Government organisation

•

Private companies

Private companies

•

Others

Others