China and Japan's Historical Reactions to European Influence in East Asia
East Asia, particularly China and Japan, faced challenges due to European luxury trade demands. Ming China resisted European threats to its peace and prosperity, while Zheng He's voyages opened new exploratory opportunities. Ming's isolationist trade policies contrasted with Qing Dynasty's expansion to Taiwan and Tibet. This historical context shaped China and Japan's reactions to foreign influences.
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Outcome: China and Japans Reactions Outcome: China and Japan s Reactions
1. Setting the Stage a. b. East Asia was a hot spot for luxury Many Europeans were looking to trade luxury goods trade with China and Japan
2. Ming China a. had established the Ming b. Europeans threatening the peace and prosperity China The Chinese people had rebelled and driven out their Mongol Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) China expected Europe to pay tribute Mongol rulers and tribute to Ming leaders; they did not want prosperity the Ming had brought to
3. The Voyages of Zheng He a. a. world and launched voyages of exploration b. c. d. e. f. doctors and religious g. destroyed Hongwu Hongwu and son Yonglo Yonglo were curious about the outside Chinese Admiral Zheng Voyages ranged from Southeast Asia From 40 Some ships were 400 Voyages included sailors, religious leaders After 7thvoyage and Zheng He s death, China withdrew into isolation destroyed the fleet He led seven voyages Asia to eastern Africa 300 ships sailed on each voyage 400 feet long (p. 537) sailors, soldiers, carpenters, Zheng He Africa 40 to 300 carpenters, interpreters, accountants, isolation and
Zheng Hes Voyages In 1498, Da Gama reached Calcutta, China s favorite port!
4. Ming Relations with Foreign Countries a. b. c. China did not industrialize i. ii. China s trade policies in the 1500s reflected isolation Only government industrialize for two reasons Idea of commerce offended China s Confucian Chinese economic policies favored agriculture isolation government was allowed to conduct foreign trade Confucian beliefs agriculture
6. The Manchus a. b. Qing c. Tibet d. center of the universe e. rules f. g. ground 9 times The Ming government had ruled for 200 The Manchus, people from Manchuria Qing Dynasty which ruled for 260 years Qing expanded China to include Taiwan Tibet To the Chinese, their country, called the Middle Kingdom, had been the cultural universe for 2,000 years If foreign states wanted to trade with China, they would have to follow Chinese rules such as paying tribute and trading only at special trading ports The Dutch Kowtow 200 years and was weakening people from Manchuria, invaded China and established Taiwan, Chinese Central Asia, Mongolia, & Chinese Dutch accepted these restrictions and were allowed to trade Kowtow ritual: kneeling in front of the emperor and touching forehead g. forehead to
6. Japan a. In 1467, civil war became chaotic Warrior chieftains called daimyos system civil war shattered Japan s feudal system and the country b. daimyos became lords in a new Japanese feudalistic
7. Contact Between Europe and Japan a. b. c. d. e. persecuted Christians and led to the formation of an exclusion Europeans began coming to Japan in the 16 Within a century, the aggressive Europeans had worn out The Portuguese By 1600, European missionaries had converted 300,000 After peasant rebellion 16th th century and were welcomed worn out their welcome welcomed Portuguese brought clocks, eyeglasses, tobacco, and firearms 300,000 Japanese to Christianity peasant rebellion (most were Christian) the shoguns ruthlessly exclusion policy
8. The Closed Country Policy a. missionaries b. c. d. e. 1639 the shoguns sealed Japan s borders and excluded merchants missionaries Only port of Nagasaki remained open but only to Dutch Lasted for more than 200 Japanese were forbidden Japan wanted to continue to develop as a self excluded merchants and Dutch and Chinese Chinese traders 200 years forbidden to leave leave so as to not bring back foreign ideas self- -sufficient sufficient country Result: Europeans begin to explore west across the Atlantic Atlantic Ocean to the New World New World.
