Chemical Reactions in Daily Life
Timely news related to chemistry:
•
This is just one reason why understanding some chemistry is
important to our daily lives.
•
Ferric chloride (FeCl
3
)
•
Nitric Acid (HNO
3
)
•
Both are corrosive materials used to etch metal.
Chemistry in the news: explosion in Spain
C
h
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c
a
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R
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i
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s
:
•
A
chemical reaction
is the process by which one or more substances
are changed into one or more different substances. In a chemical
reaction, the original substances are called the
reactant
and the
resulting substances are called the
product
. A chemical reaction is
described by
chemical equations
.
•
Basic Structure of a chemical reaction:
Reactants
Products
Interpreting Chemical Equations:
•
Chemical reactions can be written as
word equations
or as
formula equations
.
•
Underline the
reactant(s)
and circle the product(s) in the following examples:
•
Iron reacts with oxygen to produce iron oxide (rust).
(
Word equation
)
•
2Fe(s) + O
2
(g)
FeO(s)
(
Formula equation
•
Iron
reacts with
oxygen
to produce iron oxide (rust).
(
Word equation
)
•
2Fe(s)
+
O
2
(g)
FeO(s)
(Formula equation)
Observations about writing chemical reaction:
1.
The reactants are always written to the
left
of the yield arrow (
)
and the products are always written to the
right
.
2.
Chemical formulas are still written using the
criss-cross
method.
3.
Formula equations are balanced using
coefficients
which are
written
in front
of the chemical formula.
Symbols and Chemical Equations:
•
Yield arrow
•
(s)
solid
•
(l)
liquid
•
(g)
gas
•
(aq)
Aqueous
: water solution
Reactant(s)
Pb(NO
3
)
2
(aq) + KI (aq)
PbI
2
(s) + 2KNO
3
(aq)
Lead iodide: ____________
Potassium nitrate: ________
Potassium iodide: ________
Lead nitrate : ___________
Pb (NO
3
)
2
(aq) + KI (aq)
PbI
2
(s) + 2KNO
3
(aq)
Lead iodide:
Product
Potassium nitrate:
Product
Potassium iodide:
Reactant
Lead nitrate :
Reactant
Recognizing types of reactions:
•
There are five types of reaction that fit the following patterns:
1.
Synthesis
A + B
AB
2.
Decomposition
AB
A + B
3.
Single replacement
A + BC
AC + B
4.
Double replacement
AB + CD
AD + CB
5.
Combustion:
C
x
H
y
+ O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O
T
y
p
e
s
o
f
r
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
Pb(NO
3
)
2
(aq) + KI (aq)
PbI
2
(s) + 2KNO
3
(aq)
AB + CD
AD + CB
Double replacement!
Writing Chemical Reaction:
•
Reactants : Lead(II) nitrate (aq) + Potassium iodide
•
Products: Lead(II) iodide + Potassium nitrate
Pb (NO
3
)
2
(aq) + KI (aq)
____________ + 2KNO
3
(aq)
Your job: determine the formula and state of Lead (II) iodide
Pb
2+
= ________
I
-
= ___________
Formula = ____________
Balancing Chemical Reactions:
•
Since matter is neither
created
nor
destroyed
during a chemical
reaction (Law of Conservation of Mass), it is necessary to balance the
elements in a chemical equation. This is done using
coefficients
.
Coefficients do not change the chemical formula but the do change
the
amount
of each substance.
Coefficients & Counting!
•
Remember this?
3H
2
O = ____ H, _____ O
2Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
= ______ Al, _____S, ____ O
•
Answers
3H
2
O =
6
H,
3
O
2Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
=
4
Al,
6
S,
24
O
Understanding chemistry, particularly chemical reactions, is crucial for our daily lives. Chemical reactions involve the transformation of substances into different ones, described by reactants and products in equations. By learning about chemical equations, word equations, formula equations, and the balancing of reactions, we can grasp the essential principles underlying various reactions. Through examples like the reaction of iron with oxygen to form rust, we can see how reactants lead to specific products. Illustrations and explanations of reaction processes further enhance our comprehension of these fundamental chemical changes.
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Presentation Transcript
Chemical Reactions chemical reactions
This is just one reason why understanding some chemistry is important to our daily lives. Ferric chloride (FeCl3) Nitric Acid (HNO3) Both are corrosive materials used to etch metal. Chemistry in the news: explosion in Spain
Chemical Reactions: A chemical reaction is the process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. In a chemical reaction, the original substances are called the reactant and the resulting substances are called the product. A chemical reaction is described by chemical equations. Basic Structure of a chemical reaction: Reactants Products
Chemical reactions can be written as word equations or as formula equations. Underline the reactant(s) and circle the product(s) in the following examples: Iron reacts with oxygen to produce iron oxide (rust). 2Fe(s) + O2(g) FeO(s) (Word equation) (Formula equation
Iron reacts with oxygen to produce iron oxide (rust). 2Fe(s) + O2(g) FeO(s) (Word equation) (Formula equation)
1. The reactants are always written to the left of the yield arrow () and the products are always written to the right. 2. Chemical formulas are still written using the criss-cross method. 3. Formula equations are balanced using coefficients which are written in front of the chemical formula.
Yield arrow (s) solid (l) liquid (g) gas (aq) Aqueous: water solution
Reactant(s) Products Pb(NO3)2(aq) + KI (aq) PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq) Lead iodide: ____________ Potassium iodide: ________ Potassium nitrate: ________ Lead nitrate : ___________
Pb (NO3)2(aq) + KI (aq) PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq) Lead iodide: Product Potassium iodide: Reactant Potassium nitrate: Product Lead nitrate : Reactant
There are five types of reaction that fit the following patterns: A + B AB 1. Synthesis 2. Decomposition 3. Single replacement 4. Double replacement AB + CD AD + CB 5. Combustion: CxHy+ O2 CO2+ H2O AB A + B A + BC AC + B
Types of reactions Types of reactions Pb(NO3)2(aq) + KI (aq) PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq) AB + CD AD + CB Double replacement!
Writing Chemical Reaction: Reactants : Lead(II) nitrate (aq) + Potassium iodide Products: Lead(II) iodide + Potassium nitrate Pb (NO3)2(aq) + KI (aq) ____________ + 2KNO3(aq) Your job: determine the formula and state of Lead (II) iodide Pb2+ = ________ I- = ___________ Formula = ____________
Since matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction (Law of Conservation of Mass), it is necessary to balance the elements in a chemical equation. This is done using coefficients. Coefficients do not change the chemical formula but the do change the amount of each substance.
Remember this? 3H2O = ____ H, _____ O 2Al2(SO4)3 = ______ Al, _____S, ____ O
Answers 3H2O = 6 H, 3 O 2Al2(SO4)3 = 4 Al, 6 S, 24 O
