Basics of C++ Programming: A Quick Overview

In this lecture by Mrs. Afreen Mukhtar Solkar, fundamental concepts of C++ programming are introduced. Topics covered include C++ statements, the main function, input/output operations using cout and cin, semicolons and blocks in C++, and the significance of whitespace in code formatting. The lecture emphasizes the importance of syntax and structure in C++ programming.

• C++
• Programming basics
• C++ statements
• Input/output operations

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1. LECTURE-2 By: Mrs. Afreen Mukhtar Solkar 1

2. cout<<Hello World; This line is a C++ statement. It is the statement that produce some effect in the program. C . ++ . The statement always ends with a semi colon (;). ( .) This character is used to mark the end of the statement. . return 0; The return statement causes the main function to finish. . 2

3. Every C++ must have main ( ). .)( { open braces, indicates beginning of body. . } closing braces, indicates ending of body. .. C ++ { } 3

4. cout :- this statement is used to print the string enclosed in quotation. : - . It is also used to print the value of the variable. . Example: cout<< welcome to computer center ; cout<< variable names ; The(<<)operator called insertion operator. . ) << ( 4

5. cin: -cin is used for inputting the value of variable Example :-cin>> a; , cin>> b; cin>> a >>b ; The operator >> is known as extraction operator, it extract the value. cin - : >> . 5

6. Semicolons & Blocks in C++ C ++ In C++, the semicolon is a statement terminator. . That is, each individual statement must be ended with a semicolon. . C ++ C ++ For example, following are three different statements: : x = y; y = y+1; add(x, y); 6

7. A block is a set of logically connected statements that are surrounded by opening and closing braces. . For example: { cout << "Hello World"; // prints Hello World return 0; } C++ does not recognize the end of the line as a terminator. For this reason, it does not matter where you put a statement in a line. . C ++ . 7

8. For example: x = y; y = y+1; add(x, y); is the same as x = y; y = y+1; add(x, y); 8

9. Whitespace in C++ C ++ A line containing only whitespace, with a comment, is known as a blank line, and C++ compiler totally ignores it. . Whitespace is the term used in C++ to describe blanks, tabs, newline characters and comments. C ++ C ++ . 9

10. Whitespace separates one part of a statement from another and enables the compiler to identify where one element in a statement, such as int, ends and the next element begins. . Statement 1: int age; In the above statement there must be at least one whitespace character (usually a space) between int and age for the compiler to be able to distinguish them. . ) ( 10

11. Statement 2: fruit = apples + oranges; // Get the total fruit In the above statement 2, no whitespace characters are necessary between fruit and =, or between = and apples, although you are free to include some if you wish for readability purpose. 2 = = . 11

12. Comments in C++ C ++ Program comments are explanatory statements that you can include in the C++ code. C ++ . These comments help anyone reading the source code. . All programming languages allow for some form of comments. . 12

13. C++ supports single-line and multi-line comments. C ++ . All characters available inside any comment are ignored by C++ compiler. C ++. C++ comments start with /* and end with */. For example: //* This is a comment *// //* C++ comments can also*// //* span multiple lines*// 13