Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming Lecture 1 - Overview and Basics
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Introduction to Computers
and C++ Programming
Lecture 1
Outline
Main Components of a Computer
Input device(s)
CPU
Main memory
Secondary memory
Output device(s)
00011111
10101100
11100011
•
Main memory is divided into numbered locations called
bytes
bytes
.
•
The number associated with a byte is called its
address
address
.
•
A group of consecutive bytes is used as the location for a
a data item, such as a number or letter. The address of the
first byte in the group is used as the address of this larger
memory location.
Bytes and Addresses
Computer Systems
•
A program is set of instructions for a computer to follow
•
Whenever we give a computer both a
program
program
to follow
and some
data
data
for the program, we are said to be
running
the program on the data, and the computer is
said to
execute
the program on the data.
What is a program?
High Level Languages
C++
Java
Low Level Languages
Assembly Language
•
Add X Y Z
Machine Language
•
00011101
Languages
Programs that translate a high-level language like C++ to
a machine-language that the computer can directly
understand and execute.
Compilers
C++ program
Source Code
Compiler
Object code for C++
program
Linker
Object code for
other routines
Preparing a C++ program for
Running
Problem-solving phase
Implementation phase
Start
Problem
definition
Algorithm
design
Desktop
testing
Translating
to C++
Testing
Working
Program
Program Design Process
1.
Specify
the problem requirements.
2.
Analyze
the problem.
Input:
Output:
Formulas:
3.
Design
the algorithm to solve the problem.
4.
Implement
the algorithm.
5.
Test
and verify the completed program.
6.
Maintain
and
update
the program.
The Software Development
Method
1.
Analysis and specification of the task (problem
definition)
2.
Design of the software (algorithm design)
3.
Implementation (coding)
4.
Testing
5.
Maintenance and evolution of the system
6.
Obsolescense
The Software Life Cycle
BCPL
•
Dennis Ritchie
•
1970s
•
Bjarne Stroustrap
•
1980s
Introduction to C+
+
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{Variable_Declarations
Statement_1
Statement_2
…
Statement_Last
return 0;
}
Layout of a C++ Program
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{Variable_Declarations
Statement_1
Statement_2
…
Statement_Last
return 0;
}
Layout of a C++ Program
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{int number1, number2, sum;
cout
cout
<< "Enter first number: ";
cin
cin
>> number1;
cout
cout
<< "Enter second number: ";
cin
cin
>> number2;
sum = number1 + number2;
cout
cout
<< "Sum = " << sum <<
“\n”
;
return 0;
}
Sample C++ Program
Compiling and Running a C++
Program
Bug
A mistake/error in the program
Debugging
The process of eliminating bugs in a program
Testing and Debugging
•
Types of program errors:
•
Syntax
Syntax
errors
•
Violations of the rules of the programming language
•
Run-time
Run-time
errors
•
Detected by computers when the program is run (numeric
calcualtions)
•
Logic
Logic
errors
•
Mistakes in the underlying algorithm or translating the
algorithm into C++ language
Testing and Debugging
Try this:
Try this:
Write a program that
displays the product
of two integers
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{int number1, number2, product;
cout
cout
<< "Enter first number: ";
cin
cin
>> number1;
cout
cout
<< "Enter second number: ";
cin
cin
>> number2;
product =…………………..?
cout
cout
<< “Product = " << product <<
“\n”
;
return 0;
}
Sample C++ Program
Thank You
This lecture covers the fundamental concepts in computer systems and programming using C++. Topics include the main components of a computer, bytes and addresses in memory, computer systems hardware and software, understanding programs, programming languages, compilers, preparing and running C++ programs, program design process, and software development methodology. The content provides an introductory insight into the world of computers and programming, setting the foundation for further learning and exploration in the field of C++ programming.
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Presentation Transcript
Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming Lecture 1
Main Components of a Computer CPU Main memory 00011111 10101100 11100011 Input device(s) Output device(s) Secondary memory
Bytes and Addresses Main memory is divided into numbered locations called bytes. The number associated with a byte is called its address. A group of consecutive bytes is used as the location for a a data item, such as a number or letter. The address of the first byte in the group is used as the address of this larger memory location.
Computer Systems Haedware Workstations Mainframes PCs Software Operating System Programs
What is a program? A program is set of instructions for a computer to follow Whenever we give a computer both a program to follow and some data for the program, we are said to be running the program on the data, and the computer is said to execute the program on the data.
Languages High Level Languages C++ Java Low Level Languages Assembly Language Add X Y Z Machine Language 00011101
Compilers Programs that translate a high-level language like C++ to a machine-language that the computer can directly understand and execute.
Preparing a C++ program for Running C++ program Source Code Compiler Object code for other routines Object code for C++ program Linker
Program Design Process Problem-solving phase Implementation phase Start Translating to C++ Problem definition Testing Algorithm design Desktop testing Working Program
The Software Development Method 1. Specify the problem requirements. 2. Analyze the problem. Input: Output: Formulas: 3.Design the algorithm to solve the problem. 4. Implement the algorithm. 5. Test and verify the completed program. 6. Maintain and update the program.
The Software Life Cycle 1. Analysis and specification of the task (problem definition) 2. Design of the software (algorithm design) 3. Implementation (coding) 4. Testing 5. Maintenance and evolution of the system 6. Obsolescense
Introduction to C++ BCPL B programming language Dennis Ritchie 1970s C programming language Bjarne Stroustrap 1980s C++
Layout of a C++ Program #include <iostream> using namespace std; Program starts here int main() { Variable_Declarations Statement_1 Statement_2 Statement_Last } return 0; Program ends here
Layout of a C++ Program include directive standard namespace #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { Variable_Declarations main function Statement_1 Statement_2 Statement_Last executable statements return statement } return 0;
Sample C++ Program #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int number1, number2, sum; cout << "Enter first number: "; cin >> number1; cout << "Enter second number: "; cin >> number2; sum = number1 + number2; cout << "Sum = " << sum << \n ; } return 0;
Compiling and Running a C++ Program
Testing and Debugging Bug A mistake/error in the program Debugging The process of eliminating bugs in a program
Testing and Debugging Types of program errors: Syntax errors Violations of the rules of the programming language Run-time errors Detected by computers when the program is run (numeric calcualtions) Logic errors Mistakes in the underlying algorithm or translating the algorithm into C++ language
Sample C++ Program #include <iostream> using namespace std; Try this: Write a program that displays the product of two integers int main() { int number1, number2, product; cout << "Enter first number: "; cin >> number1; cout << "Enter second number: "; cin >> number2; product = ..? cout << Product = " << product << \n ; } return 0;
