Analysis of Inorganic Fertilizer Supply Chain in Uganda
Examining the accessibility and quality of inorganic fertilizers in Uganda, the study focuses on key regions, targeted fertilizers, methodology, findings on moisture content and weight compliance, and implications for farmers. The research sheds light on challenges and opportunities in the country's fertilizer supply chain.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Revisiting Ugandas Inorganic Fertilizer Supply Chain Swaibu Mbowa AGRA Economic Policy Research Centre MAAIF Agricultural Input Quality in Uganda New Research, Private Sector Solutions & Policy Directions Protea Hotel, 16 September 2015
Are Farmers in Uganda able to Access & Use inorganic Fertilizer of the Right Quality?
Outline of Presentation Methodology Study Finding Moisture content Re-packaging effects Nutrient content Conclusions Way Forward
Regions -2 Districts Purposively Selected Based on Level of Fertilizer Use: Central [Kampala; Masaka] Eastern [Mbale; Kapchorwa] Northern [lira; Gulu] Western [Kisoro; Masindi] Methodology Importers/Wholesalers Randomly Picked 4 Firms (Kampala) Retailers (Agro-input Dealers) 3 shops per district Category MAAIF Registered UNADA members Unregistered (illicit)
Targeted Commonly used Fertilizers: Urea DAP NPK MOP CAN Methodology Cont Samples procured by disguised research team from each category: MAAIF registered UNADA Members Unregistered (Illicit) Transported to Laboratory at MAK immediately & Stored in safe place awaiting analysis A Follow-up Team visits similar shop(s) for additional information
Moisture Content Acceptable Range of 0.5-1.5% [Draft Fertilizer Control Regulations, 2012]. Figure 1: Recorded Average Moisture Content of fertilizers 2.18 1.92 1.85 Moisture Content (%) 1.5 Recommeded Importer Retailer (Stockist) Re-packed (Retail)
Weight of Bulky Samples (50kg Bag) Range Weight of 50 kg Fertilizer Bags 54.4 52.0 50.0 49.8 48.4 43.4 Importer Retail Mean Min Max
Moisture & Weight Compliancy Proportion of Compliant Bulky(50kg) Samples 100 80 Percentage (%) 60 35 33 32 40 20 20 - Importers Illicit MAAIF UNADA Supply Chain Actor
6 of the 12 bulky Samples from Importers were Compliant IMPORTED FERTILIZERS DAP 4 MOP Moisture Content (%) 3 NPK NPK 2 CAN DAP 1 Urea DAP DAP Urea Urea NPK 0 48 49 50 51 52 Weight (Kg)
Nutrient Content Value indicated on the Label Compared with Analytical Content
Nitrogen Content in Urea & DAP Acceptable Min Range: Urea - 45-46% DAP - 18% DAP Urea Importer-Q 18.7 (50kg Bag) Importer-Q Importers (50kg Bag) 47 Importers Importer-O 18.0 Importer-O 46 Importer-N 17.2 Importer-N Importer-M 18.2 Importer-M 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 Retailer (50 Kg bag) Gulu Gulu Retailer (50 Kg bag) 18.1 14.2 44.6 46.6 Lira Lira 18.7 47.8 Kapchorwa 55 Kapchorwa 45.4 15.7 47.8 15.8 Mbale 45.8 45.6 46 Mbale 16.9 17.5 Masindi 46 47.2 46 Masindi 9.1 17.3 7.9 Kisiro 47.8 46.6 45.4 Kisiro 20.6 17.3 21.5 Masaka 45.8 46 43.5 Masaka 7.1 14.2 16.5 Kampala 6 46.2 47.8 Kampala 12.4 2.4 19.4 0 0 0 Retailer (Small 1-2kg pack) 0 0 0 Retailer (Small 1-2kg pack) Gulu 52.4 14.2 Lira Gulu 41.7 11.8 43.3 Kapchorwa 43.3 42.5 Lira 42.5 Mbale 40.2 45.7 Kapchorwa 17.3 52.8 15.8 Masindi 42.2 46.5 44.1 Mbale 16.2 Kisiro 43.8 34.7 44.4 Masindi 11.0 17.3 19.7 8.5 Masaka 41.7 45.3 42.5 41.7 45.7 Kisiro 19.3 6.3 Kampala Masaka 17.3 15.4 20.1 15.0 % N Kampala 7.1 MAAIF UNADA % N ILLICIT MAAIF UNADA ILLICIT
Nitrogen Content in NPK 17:17:17 & CAN Acceptable Min Range: NPK 17:17:17 17% CAN - 26% NPK 17:17:17 CAN (50kg Bag) Importer-Q Importers Importer-Q 8.9 (50kg Bag) Importers Importer-O 11.5 Importer-O 6.0 Importer-N Importer-N 7.3 Importer-M 2.4 0 0 Importer-M 9.4 0 0 0 Retailer (50 Kg bag) Gulu Retailer (50 Kg bag) Gulu Lira Lira 0 Kapchorwa 9.7 Kapchorwa Mbale 10.9 10.3 12.1 Mbale Masindi 9.7 Masindi Kisiro 7.3 Masaka Kisiro 8.7 3.6 4.8 8.5 Kampala Masaka 8.5 8.5 7.9 Retailer (Small 1-2kg pack) 0 0 Kampala 14.8 12.1 14.6 0 0 0 Retailer (Small 1-2kg pack) Gulu 11.1 Lira Gulu 12.6 Kapchorwa 13.6 Lira Mbale 9.4 Kapchorwa 11.8 15 13.4 Masindi Mbale 16.5 10.2 12.6 Kisiro Masindi Masaka 18.9 19.7 Kisiro 18.9 17.3 13.4 Kampala Masaka 10.2 10.2 8.7 MAAIF UNADA ILLICIT % N Kampala MAAIF 15.8 13.4 UNADA ILLICIT
Conclusions: A farmer purchasing a 50kg fertilizer bag from an Agro- input dealer across the country is likely to pick a bag: below or above the threshold weight (of 49.5 kg); & with moisture levels above the recommended threshold range (between 0.5-1.5percent). The inconsistencies in nutrient content are more prevalent with DAP, NPK and CAN fertilizers. It is difficult to underpin the most critical level where fertilizer quality is tampered with because deviations in quality were widespread along the entire supply chain. Re-packaging fertiliser is justifiable on grounds that it enables small-holder farmers to access fertiliser. However, the practice leads to Moistening; and loss of nutrient like nitrogen in the fertilizer.
Way Forward Possibility of Re-packaging (1-2kg packs) to be undertaken by fertiliser manufacturer (like sugar)! Has cost implications? The fertiliser inspection department at MAAIF needs to be strengthened enough to impose controls & regulations along the fertiliser supply chain. The three fertiliser policy documents: Fertiliser Policy, Regulations, and Strategy Adopted by MAAIF s TPM need to be approved & operationalized by government
Summary of Findings Existing gaps in the regulatory and control system inhibit enforcement of proper handling and storage of fertilizers by key players. Key players include: importers, wholesalers, and retailers in the fertilizer supply chain. The effect: farmers are not guaranteed access to fertilizer of the right quality. Fertilizer samples procured from both MAAIF registered Agro-input dealers and illicit trading shops revealed that low quality fertilizers in terms of moisture content and weight are on the Ugandan market. The fertilizer quality inspection department in MAAIF should be strengthened in order to enable it to impose controls and regulations along the entire fertilizer supply chain.
data:image/jpeg;base64,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:image/jpeg;base64,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 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
