Accelerator Upgrade Workshop Summary

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June 15, 2023

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11/23/2024

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- Both start with a 2 GeV Linac

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- ACE RCS should be modified to be 100-200e12, 5-10 Hz. This requires

serious consideration of space-charge issues.

- Possibility of 2-8 GeV 10 Hz RCS upgrade to 3-12 GeV 5Hz RCS?

- ACE Linac should be as high current as possible at 10 Hz.

- 5mA x 2ms x 10Hz configuration upgrade to 20mA x 2ms x 10Hz.

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Jeffrey Eldred |

Snowmass 2.4 MW Upgrade with RCS

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11/23/2024

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We need to develop 2+ MW DUNE/LBNF target as soon as possible.

All our ambitious muon programs require novel/advanced targets.

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H- Foil injection is the most challenging part of both ACE RCS/Linac

- For 8-GeV H- stripping, no direct precedent.

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Planning to use 0.8 GeV, 2 GeV Linac beam and/or 8 GeV Booster beam.

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Real opportunity for 0.8 GeV compact AR with short pulses

- Start with 100-300 kW at 0.8 GeV suitable for PIP2-BD

- Updated to 1+ MW at ~2 GeV great for AMF/PIP2-BD

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For 20 Hz RCS configurations, benefit from developing a prototype.

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Continuous improvement in cost/benefit SRF technology.

Jeffrey Eldred |

Snowmass 2.4 MW Upgrade with RCS

4

Final Slides

Three Questions about

Accelerator Upgrades

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Jeffrey Eldred |

Snowmass 2.4 MW Upgrade with RCS

11/23/2024

1.

How will your system/development address the BR goals of

How will your system/development address the BR goals of

DUNE/LBNF, New Physics, MuC?

DUNE/LBNF, New Physics, MuC?

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DUNE/LBNF: 10Hz RCS may be the lowest cost, lowest risk configuration.

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New Physics: Spigots yesterday, CW up to 2 GeV

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MuC: There’s a viable path, but advantage goes to Linac option.

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RCS gets more interesting with higher energies.

2. What are the biggest technical/performance risks of your

2. What are the biggest technical/performance risks of your

system/development?

system/development?

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H- Foil Injection, Laser stripping R&D. Looks okay, but biggest risk/limit.

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Ceramic/Dielectric Beampipe. Barrier to 20+ Hz ramp rate.

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MuC R&D, proton compression, HTS, muon production, cooling.

3. What are the most sensible first steps to enable progress in your system/

3. What are the most sensible first steps to enable progress in your system/

development? What can be done before the next ACE event (Fall’23

development? What can be done before the next ACE event (Fall’23

workshop)?

workshop)?

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Start prototype RCS ceramic beampipes.

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Develop decision tree/timeline for choosing RCS vs Linac upgrade.

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Resolve MuC R&D plan, role for Fermilab proton complex.

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11/23/2024

Jeffrey Eldred |

Snowmass 2.4 MW Upgrade with RCS

1.

How will your system/development address the BR goals of

How will your system/development address the BR goals of

DUNE/LBNF, New Physics, MuC?

DUNE/LBNF, New Physics, MuC?

•

All 3 BRL options deliver 2.4 MW to LBNF/DUNE and have extra beam for other

experiments. The linac can be designed with additional spigots at intermediate

energies if desired. Option C would have 1.2 MW power at 8 GeV available,

which is close to what MuColl R&D would need.

2.

What are the biggest technical/performance risks of your

What are the biggest technical/performance risks of your

system/development?

system/development?

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Develop a robust injection scheme?

3.

What are the most sensible first steps to enable progress in your

What are the most sensible first steps to enable progress in your

system/ development? What can be done before the next ACE event

system/ development? What can be done before the next ACE event

(Fall’23 workshop)?

(Fall’23 workshop)?

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R&D on: high-gradient SRF cryomodule, laser-assisted injection, modeling

the complete linac design, simulation and optimization of the injection painting

and foil heating.

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Fall’23 is too soon to accomplish anything, but we can initiate some R&D

topics and perhaps have preliminary results.

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11/23/2024

Jeffrey Eldred |

Snowmass 2.4 MW Upgrade with RCS

1.

How will your system/development address the BR goals of

How will your system/development address the BR goals of

DUNE/LBNF, New Physics, MuC?

DUNE/LBNF, New Physics, MuC?

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a) help LBNF/DUNE Phase II and improve reliability of the accelerator complex;

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To achieve Phase II – you have to be successful in phase one!  Success requires operating the Booster for the

initial power ramp up during the critical commissioning and at least 5 years of running at required power.  PAR is

capable of helping the Booster deliver the necessary beam by reducing losses in the Booster and significantly

reducing the complexity of the Booster operations.

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Taking the Booster Injection out of the Booster has several benefits that can’t be underestimated:

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More space for a robust beam dump – will be a HRA in Booster!

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Single turn injection into a rapid cycling Booster – still uncertain how to do this without PAR

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Simplify the Booster RF locking to PIP-II

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Does not require Booster correctors to flatten orbit – removing risks associated with pushing correctors

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Simple acceleration process in the Booster – no longer need to transition from flat to ramping GMPS

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b) enable new physics “spigots” (RPF, etc);

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The only way to achieve a DS or any other beam based new physics program within a decade is PAR!

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Every other plan is 20 years away – unless you leave Fermilab (the nations' HEP lab)

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c) layout foundation for the future MuColl R&D and facility

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If an accumulation ring is required for MuColl – this will be a testing ground.

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We have not built an accumulator ring in decades – PARs unique design and potential training is

important to helping us ensure success at the next stage.

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11/23/2024

Jeffrey Eldred |

Snowmass 2.4 MW Upgrade with RCS

1.

What are the biggest technical/performance risks of your

What are the biggest technical/performance risks of your

system/development?

system/development?

•

I see no significant technical risks, but I do see timing challenges – given

I see no significant technical risks, but I do see timing challenges – given

approval – how quickly can you manufacture required magnet systems – fully

approval – how quickly can you manufacture required magnet systems – fully

tested.

tested.

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Placement ands design of service building requires site planning outside the

Placement ands design of service building requires site planning outside the

PAR immediate group and may delay deployment of PAR.

PAR immediate group and may delay deployment of PAR.

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Performance risk – Should be thought of as Flux limit(s) .

Performance risk – Should be thought of as Flux limit(s) .

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Pulse systems – 60to 80 Hz been shown – how much is 100 Hz going to

Pulse systems – 60to 80 Hz been shown – how much is 100 Hz going to

stress design

stress design

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Beam extraction loss,

Beam extraction loss,

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Beam Injection Loss

Beam Injection Loss

2.

What are the most sensible first steps to enable progress in your system/

What are the most sensible first steps to enable progress in your system/

development? What can be done before the next ACE event (Fall’23

development? What can be done before the next ACE event (Fall’23

workshop)?

workshop)?

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The PAR beam dump needs to be designed 

The PAR beam dump needs to be designed 

(Could be done by fall)

(Could be done by fall)

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Actual mechanical stands and supports

Actual mechanical stands and supports

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It would take two years to complete ME designs and drawings

It would take two years to complete ME designs and drawings

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Civil work on building, penetrations, and cable runs all to be done

Civil work on building, penetrations, and cable runs all to be done

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11/23/2024

Jeffrey Eldred |

Snowmass 2.4 MW Upgrade with RCS

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11/23/2024

Jeffrey Eldred |

Snowmass 2.4 MW Upgrade with RCS

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Experiments:

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How does the experiment make use of the ACE beam?

Muon collider demo facility

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Is the experiment uniquely enabled by The ACE upgrades?

Yes

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Can this experiments be performed elsewhere?

ACE BR is needed to demonstrate muon collider system which is the last stage to

construct real muon colliders

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What particular accelerator components or capabilities are necessary?

o

What proton energies are needed?

5-15 GeV

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What proton quantities are needed?

> 10

12

 protons per bunch

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What time structure is needed? (bunch length, train structure)

Bunch length something in the ns scale, Repetition rate is not so important for the

demo facility

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Can the demonstrator be performed with 800 MeV protons from PIP-II or 8 GeV

protons from the Booster with PIP-II?

Yes f

or 8 GeV, No for 800 MeV

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11/23/2024

Jeffrey Eldred |

Snowmass 2.4 MW Upgrade with RCS

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How might an eventual Muon Collider benefit from ACE?

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What particular accelerator components or capabilities are necessary for the

experiment?

•

What proton energies are needed?

5-15 GeV approximately

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What proton quantities are needed?

 10^14 approximately

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What time structure is needed? (bunch length, train structure

1-3 ns bunches, ideally at 5-10 Hz

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11/23/2024

Jeffrey Eldred |

Snowmass 2.4 MW Upgrade with RCS

2. What are the biggest technical/performance risks of your

2. What are the biggest technical/performance risks of your

system/development?

system/development?

–

Lower than nominal luminosity due to performance of target/capture and

ionization cooling systems

3. What are the most sensible first steps to enable progress in your

3. What are the most sensible first steps to enable progress in your

system/ development? What can be done before the next ACE event

system/ development? What can be done before the next ACE event

(Fall’23 workshop)?

(Fall’23 workshop)?

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Initiate design work towards a self consistent set of parameters for the demo

and the final facility hosted at Fermilab

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11/23/2024

Jeffrey Eldred |

Snowmass 2.4 MW Upgrade with RCS

1.

How will your system/development address the BR goals of

How will your system/development address the BR goals of

DUNE/LBNF, New Physics, MuC?

DUNE/LBNF, New Physics, MuC?

–

HPT R&D required for a successful LBNF 2.4MW target and beam windows

–

HPT R&D required for other high power “spigots” (Mu2e-II, AMF, BD, etc)

2.

What are the biggest technical/performance risks of your

What are the biggest technical/performance risks of your

system/development?

system/development?

–

Not getting started early enough!  Irradiating materials followed by PIE is time and

resource intensitive: significant planning, coordination, cooldown, etc

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Failures/conservative operations limit beam power and physics reach

3.

What are the most sensible first steps to enable progress in your

What are the most sensible first steps to enable progress in your

system/ development? What can be done before the next ACE event

system/ development? What can be done before the next ACE event

(Fall’23 workshop)?

(Fall’23 workshop)?

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We have already articulated a plan to P5 for ACE target R&D, and outlined a

roadmap for GARD.  Execution requires a funding profile.