Abomasal Displacement in Dairy Cattle
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Unit-2
ABOMASAL DISPLACEMENT
•
This is displacement of abomasums from its
normal position.
•
LDA
•
RDA
Displaced Abomasums
•
DA’s, LDA’s, RDA’s
•
Adult lactating dairy
•
Production problem
•
Herd problem [related to nutrition]
•
Majority of DA’s have concurrent diseases
History and Signalment of DA
•
Age
: older lactating dairy cattle
•
Timing
: 80% occur during first month
after parturition
•
Nutrition
:
–
Dry cow rations: inadequate fiber
Concurrent disease
:
40% of DA’s have retained placenta,
mastitis, or metritis
Left-sided displacement of the
abomasums (LDA):
Abomasum displaced to left side. It is
generally associated with high concentrate
diet, atony of rumen and gas distension.
Normal location of abomasum
Left view bovine stomach
Why does the abomasum
displace?
(1) Abomasal atony
(2) Increased abomasal gas production
(1) + (2) => abomasum moves
(LDA,RDA)
Normal position of abomasum
Left displacement
Displacing Abomasum In Action
LDA
Clinical findings
•
Anorexia, Ketosis
•
“slab-sided
” left lateral abdomen.
•
On auscultation of abdomen tinkling and gurgling
sounds are heard spontaneously on the left side.
•
Simulataneous auscultation and percussion on left
paralumbar fossa and extending several inches
cranially yield a high pitched resonant, tympanic sound
(ping)
that is similar to a pebble dropped in a well.
•
Malena and symptoms of dehydration. Some animals
can recover spontaneously.
Clinical Signs (continued)
•
Paralumbar fossa:
–
“slab-sided” abdomen
–
Visualize / Palpate PLF
•
Rectal palpation
(can’t)
•
Mild colic
•
Mild hypocalcemia
–
Hypotonic rumen
–
Cold ears, widely dilated pupils
Clinical Signs (continued)
•
LDA: Ping & Splash
–
Ascult and percuss
–
Ping high pitched
–
Ballottment for splash
of fluid
–
All pings are not
created equal – rumen
ping
Note: ~15% of LDA’s
DO NOT PING or ping sporatically
Diagnosis
•
History
•
Slab Sided left abdomen
•
Liptak test
Treatment
•
Calcium, neostigmine and saline cathartics are
some of the compounds that have been used.
•
Rolling the cows, violent exercise and
transport over bumpy roads cause
spontaneous recovery sometimes
Non-Surgical Technique: Rolling
•
Cast cow with ropes into right lateral recumbency
•
Roll onto back & extend the rear legs
•
Roll in a 90-degree arc for 3 minutes, ending in left
lateral recumbency
•
Bring the cow to sternal position & allow to stand
•
Ascultate the left thorax to ensure LDA is relieved
Rolling Technique
•
Advantages
–
Quick & easy technique
–
No invasive surgery
•
DISADVANTAGES
–
>50% redisplace
–
If RDA or RTA are present, can exacerbate
problems
RDA
•
Right sided displacement of abomasums (RDA):
Abomasum is displaced to
right side of the abdomen
between liver and right abdominal wall.
•
Etiology :
Abomasal atony or distension immediately
after parturition.
•
Clinical findings:
Sunken eyeballs, scant, soft and dark
coloured feces.
•
Auscultation and percussion over the right flank
commonly elicit a ping.
•
Abdominal pain with kicking at abdomen, depression
of back and crouching are also recorded.
•
Diagnosis:
Per rectal distension of
abomasums, Paracentesis of distended
abomasums will reveal large quantities of
blood tinged fluid with PH of 2-4, metabolic
alkalosis, hypochloraemia hypokalaemia and
elevated total protein also indicates abomasal
displacement.
•
Treatment:
Treatment with 500 ml of 25%
calcium borogluconate, early treatment with
fluids and electroytes intravenously and orally
mineral oil(5-10 litres/day orally ) and
magnesium hydroxide (500gm per adult cow
orally every 2 days) are used.
Abomasal displacement is a common issue in older lactating dairy cattle, often related to inadequate nutrition and concurrent diseases. This condition involves the displacement of the abomasum from its normal position, causing symptoms like anorexia, ketosis, and dehydration. Learn about the causes, clinical findings, and management of left-sided displacement of the abomasum (LDA) to effectively address this production and herd problem in dairy cattle.
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Presentation Transcript
Unit-2 Abomasal displacement Dr Pallav Shekhar Assistant Professor Department of Veterinary Medicine Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna
ABOMASAL DISPLACEMENT This is displacement of abomasums from its normal position. LDA RDA
Displaced Abomasums DA s, LDA s, RDA s Adult lactating dairy Production problem Herd problem [related to nutrition] Majority of DA s have concurrent diseases
History and Signalment of DA Age: older lactating dairy cattle Timing: 80% occur during first month after parturition Nutrition: Dry cow rations: inadequate fiber Concurrent disease: 40% of DA s have retained placenta, mastitis, or metritis
Left-sided displacement of the abomasums (LDA): Abomasum displaced to left side. It is generally associated with high concentrate diet, atony of rumen and gas distension.
Why does the abomasum displace? (1) Abomasal atony (2) Increased abomasal gas production (1) + (2) => abomasum moves (LDA,RDA) Normal position of abomasum Left displacement
Clinical findings Anorexia, Ketosis slab-sided left lateral abdomen. On auscultation of abdomen tinkling and gurgling sounds are heard spontaneously on the left side. Simulataneous auscultation and percussion on left paralumbar fossa and extending several inches cranially yield a high pitched resonant, tympanic sound (ping) that is similar to a pebble dropped in a well. Malena and symptoms of dehydration. Some animals can recover spontaneously.
Clinical Signs (continued) Paralumbar fossa: slab-sided abdomen Visualize / Palpate PLF Rectal palpation (can t) Mild colic Mild hypocalcemia Hypotonic rumen Cold ears, widely dilated pupils
Clinical Signs (continued) LDA: Ping & Splash Ascult and percuss Ping high pitched Ballottment for splash of fluid All pings are not created equal rumen ping Note: ~15% of LDA s DO NOT PING or ping sporatically
Diagnosis History Slab Sided left abdomen Liptak test
Treatment Calcium, neostigmine and saline cathartics are some of the compounds that have been used. Rolling the cows, violent exercise and transport over bumpy roads cause spontaneous recovery sometimes
Non-Surgical Technique: Rolling Cast cow with ropes into right lateral recumbency Roll onto back & extend the rear legs Roll in a 90-degree arc for 3 minutes, ending in left lateral recumbency Bring the cow to sternal position & allow to stand Ascultate the left thorax to ensure LDA is relieved
Rolling Technique Advantages Quick & easy technique No invasive surgery DISADVANTAGES >50% redisplace If RDA or RTA are present, can exacerbate problems
RDA Right sided displacement of abomasums (RDA): Abomasum is displaced toright side of the abdomen between liver and right abdominal wall. Etiology : Abomasal atony or distension immediately after parturition. Clinical findings: Sunken eyeballs, scant, soft and dark coloured feces. Auscultation and percussion over the right flank commonly elicit a ping. Abdominal pain with kicking at abdomen, depression of back and crouching are also recorded.
Diagnosis: Per rectal distension of abomasums, Paracentesis of distended abomasums will reveal large quantities of blood tinged fluid with PH of 2-4, metabolic alkalosis, hypochloraemia hypokalaemia and elevated total protein also indicates abomasal displacement.
Treatment: Treatment with 500 ml of 25% calcium borogluconate, early treatment with fluids and electroytes intravenously and orally mineral oil(5-10 litres/day orally ) and magnesium hydroxide (500gm per adult cow orally every 2 days) are used.
