Explore the comparison between various pulse modulations like PM1 and PM3, alongside amplitude modulation (AM) in the context of cellular technologies such as 2G, 4G(LTE), and advances in 5G NR. The discussion includes considerations of modulation frequency, duty cycles, and spectrum analysis to und

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The AMPK system plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis by sensing the cellular AMP:ATP ratio and responding to metabolic stresses that affect ATP production or consumption. AMPK is activated by factors such as hypoxia, glucose deprivation, and metabolic inhibitors, as well as by compo

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Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) is a technique developed to effectively separate large DNA molecules through the application of an electric field that periodically changes direction. This method, introduced by David C. Schwartz and Charles C. Cantor in 1984, revolutionized the resolution of

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IEEE 802.11-20/0095 outlines agreements related to PHY aspects impacting the definition of Spatial Stream Tapping (SST) in 802.11 standards. The focus is on enabling 80 MHz operating stations to participate in 160 MHz OFDMA, including in non-primary 80 MHz scenarios. Various considerations and scena

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The document discusses the tradeoff between error vector magnitude (EVM) and transmission power in the context of 4k QAM modulation. It explores the EVM requirements for 4k QAM and addresses issues such as channel estimation errors, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) parameters, and degradation with

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Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a technique that uses a rectangular pulse wave to modulate the pulse width, controlling power delivery to devices effectively. It involves altering the average value of a waveform by switching it on and off within a specified period. PWM has various applications, from

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Explore the realm of digital modulation techniques such as ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK, QAM, and more. Learn about bandwidth efficiency, baud rates, minimum bandwidth, and how to calculate them. Discover the importance of M-ary modulation and how it impacts data transmission rates and bandwidth requirements

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Single Sideband Suppressed Carrier (SSB-SC) modulation is a technique in analog communication that transmits a single sideband along with the carrier signal, offering advantages such as reduced bandwidth consumption, increased signal transmission capacity, and lower noise interference. However, the

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Digital communication in the context of computer engineering involves representing information in binary form for transmission. Sampling theory plays a key role in pulse modulation techniques, noise management, and modulation schemes like ASK, PSK, FSK, and QPSK. This course covers various topics su

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High Voltage Pulsed Stimulation (HVPS) is a versatile form of electrical stimulation used in various medical applications such as wound healing, muscle reduction, nerve stimulation, and pain control. Originally developed in 1945, HVPS delivers monophasic current with unique features like fixed durat

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In the January 2021 document IEEE 802.11-21/0012r1, discussions were held on open issues related to PHY requirements, including LO requirements for 320 MHz transmission, EVM requirements for 1024 QAM and BPSK-DCM-DUP, minimum sensitivity for 4K QAM and BPSK-DCM-DUP, and channel rejection levels. Sug

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Explore the world of Analogue Communication through Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier Modulation (DSB-SC) in the Computer Engineering Department at the University of Mustansiriyah. Delve into lectures covering the fundamentals and intricacies of this modulation technique under the guidance of Dr. H

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The document discusses the possibility of standardizing multi-link (ML) with bands in the sub-7 GHz range combined with bands in the 45-72 GHz range, proposing reusing a sub-7 GHz PHY for mmWave bands. It explores the impact of phase noise on choosing the OFDM numerology for operation in the 45-72 G

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Delve into the world of digital modulation for data transmission, exploring various modulation schemes, digital-to-analog conversion processes, the importance of digital modulation in mixed networks, and the fundamentals of modulation and demodulation.

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The document discusses modulation schemes for extending the range in IEEE 802.11bd, aiming for at least 3dB lower sensitivity levels. It highlights the need for an implementation-friendly, proven technology already adopted in IEEE 802.11. The introduction of the MCS0 DCM scheme in 11ax is also cover

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Modulation plays a crucial role in data transmission and digital communication by altering the characteristics of a carrier signal based on the message signal. This lecture discusses analog and digital modulation techniques such as AM, FM, PM, and their operations. It covers the basics of amplitude

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Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is a widely used modulation technique for transmitting data signals onto a carrier in communication systems. It offers advantages like increased efficiency by combining amplitude and phase variations, making it suitable for various radio and data delivery applic

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This document presents the results of interference susceptibility testing of two pulsed radio altimeters in the presence of 5G mobile base station signals. The test parameters, setup, and results are detailed, including in-band and out-band interference evaluations. The objective is to assess the re

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Programming software radios is a key aspect of wireless communication research, with recent advancements in PHY/MAC design and the use of SDR platforms like GNURadio and SORA for experimentation. Challenges include FPGA limitations and the need for hardware synthesis platforms like ZIRIA for high-le

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Kookmin University submitted a PHY sub-proposal for an ISC using a Compatible M-FSK (CM-FSK) scheme to the IEEE P802.15 Working Group for WPANs. The proposal aims to be compatible with rolling shutter image sensors by utilizing the CM-FSK modulation scheme. Design considerations include frame rate v

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The document presents a deep dive into ultra-reliable PHY elements, focusing on achieving low latency, reduced collision, and energy efficiency. It proposes optimized universal building blocks to address these goals effectively, especially in scenarios where many devices may not receive transmission

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This document presents the evaluation results on the payload of Pulsed Modulation PHY for TG13, focusing on detection probability, BER vs SNR for header and payload, and coding considerations. It discusses the application of RS code for payload simulations and highlights the adjustments made for suc

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The document presents simulation results for an LC-optimized PHY proposal for TGbb based on G.9991 PHY. It includes details on the simulation setup, frame detection results, header modulation, coding simulation results, payload modulation, and coding simulation results. The setup involved various re

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This document discusses the error rate performance of On-off keying (OOK) modulation in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels, covering both coherent and non-coherent detection methods. The theoretical results and evaluations of OOK modulation in AWGN are reviewed, providing insights into op

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Enabling line coding and channel equalization methods for PM-PHY, the IEEE 802.15.13 standard introduces overhead while enhancing channel adaptation. This contribution proposes 64b67b and Uniform Line Coding as alternative transmission modes, aiming to reduce line coding overhead while maintaining a

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The JESD204B training presentation delves into the Physical Layer (PHY) of high-speed serial interfaces, covering topics such as speed grades, compliance types, SERDES solutions for long channels, clocking information, differential link data transmission, and electrical requirements for drivers and

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The comparison between Unequal Modulation and Unequal MCS in the context of IEEE 802.11-23 discusses how these techniques handle spatial streams, modulation schemes, and coding rates to optimize throughput and MIMO gains. Unequal Modulation focuses on adjusting modulations per stream based on SNR co

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This research explores how expertise influences the perception of modulation in Western and South Indian classical music, focusing on tonal hierarchies, pitch importance, modulation processes, and memory for melodies. Through experiments involving listeners rating probe tones against music excerpts,

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The Ethernet PHY Registers Tool provides a simple way to read and write PHY registers using MDC/MDIO, aiding in development and issue debugging. This tool requires the Ethernet PHY to be connected with MDIO/MDC and initialized in a Linux environment. Pre-built binaries and source code are provided f

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The documents discuss the benefits of using unequal modulation over spatial streams in IEEE 802.11 networks to enhance throughput. Unequal modulation allows for adapting modulation schemes based on Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions, optimizing MIMO gains and coding rates for each spatial stream

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Discussing the importance of a Lean PHY for EHT in 6 GHz to improve spectrum efficiency and reduce overhead. Introducing the Low Throughput PHY as a potential solution, highlighting its benefits compared to existing options like 802.11a. Measurement results show the impact and potential for enhancin

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Submission by Rolf de Vegt from Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. discusses the need for a new mainstream MAC/PHY standard beyond IEEE 802.11be. The document provides insights on market context, potential timelines, and emerging market requirements for future standards development in the Wi-Fi ecosystem.

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Kookmin University submitted a proposal to the IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks, focusing on the PHY and MAC layers for image sensor communication. The document outlines design principles, specifications, frame formats, and considerations for both layers. Definitions re

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Kookmin University's proposal focuses on the general architecture of PHY and MAC layers for image sensor communication. The document covers design principles, compatibility features, frame formats, error correction, and various considerations related to supporting commercial cameras, frame rates, sa

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This proposal suggests integrating a new PHY layer to improve throughput and robustness in frequency-selective channels, complementing existing IEEE 802.11 specifications. The document outlines the characteristics, options, and feasibility of applying the proposed enhancements within the framework o

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The document discusses the proposed PHY padding and packet extension for IEEE 802.11ax, focusing on considerations for processing data within SIFS duration and relaxation of LDPC decoding processing time. It outlines the overview of the proposed padding scheme, considerations for LDPC implementation

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This document discusses the potential of non-uniform constellations (NUCs) for single carrier (SC) modulation, focusing on the design of NUCs with 64 signal points to maximize coding gain while adhering to peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) constraints. NUCs show a significant overall gain of up to

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This study explores the numerical simulation of metallic surfaces undergoing pulsed laser ablation for microthrusters. Carried out by Carl Tamerian from AUB under the supervision of Christopher Nahed from CEA and Ghassan Antar from AUB, the research delves into the underlying physics of laser ablati

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The document discusses the background of IEEE 802.11 NGV technologies, focusing on the need for a new 10 MHz PHY for DSRC systems. It highlights issues related to channelization and introduces new PHY capabilities in 802.11n, 802.11ac, and draft 802.11ax standards, offering insights into evolving fe

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Proposal for designing a Control PHY with low complexity and high performance for 40-50GHz millimeter wave communication systems. Focus on beamforming requirements, antenna gain, modulation schemes, spreading with Barker Sequences, and SNR enhancement. Emphasis on signal processing techniques to imp

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