Radioactive decay is the process in which unstable atomic nuclei emit charged particles and energy, transforming into different elements. This process involves the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons, beta particles are

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Dive into the fundamental concepts of atoms, exploring their structure with a focus on the nucleus, protons, electrons, and neutrons. Discover how the periodic table reveals crucial information about elements, such as atomic number and mass number. Explore the evolution of atom models and the necess

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Lunar Explorer Instrument for space biology applications, LEIA Mission, addresses radiation health risks for crewed lunar exploration. The project aims to engineer yeast strains to study radiation sensitivity and identify genetic factors affecting cellular response. The instrument suite includes Bio

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The universe is a vast expanse consisting of various components. Only 0.4% comprises galaxies, while hydrogen, helium, protons, neutrons, and electrons make up 4%. The remaining 96% includes photons, neutrinos, dark matter, and dark energy. Photons, fundamental particles of light, exhibit different

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Human pursuit of understanding the universe led to the concept of atoms by Democritus and further advancements in sub-atomic particle theory. From the initial idea of indivisible atoms, to the discovery of protons, neutrons, and electrons, to modern experiments with particle accelerators, the journe

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Neutron stars, initially proposed in 1933, have been the subject of various discoveries and studies. They are characterized by their unique properties such as compactness, high density, rapid spinning, and strong magnetic fields. Neutron stars are predominantly composed of neutrons, with other parti

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The universe is composed of just seven different things - protons, neutrons, and electrons- the fundamental building blocks of matter. These particles combine to form atoms like hydrogen, helium, and carbon, which are essential components of our bodies. Understanding the structure and properties of

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Exploring the nature of matter, this chapter delves into radioactivity and nuclear reactions. It covers the composition of atoms, the nucleus with protons and neutrons, and the role of electrons. The strong force holding protons and neutrons together is highlighted, along with the detection of radio

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Atoms are the fundamental units of matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. This article explores the structure of atoms, the atomic theory, and how atoms make up elements. Discover how changing the number of protons can create different elements, and learn about the periodic table and

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Delayed neutrons play a crucial role in controlling nuclear reactors by providing a means to adjust reactivity. These delayed neutrons, emanating from fission processes in 235U, have a longer mean lifetime compared to prompt neutrons. This characteristic allows for a more manageable reactor operatio

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Delve into the world of atomic structure and subatomic particles to reveal the inner workings of elements. Discover how to determine atomic mass, identify protons, neutrons, and electrons, and interpret the periodic table. Explore the key concepts of isotopes, electron configurations, and the charac

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Explore the intricate world of subatomic particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons, and delve into the dual nature of light as both particles and waves. Discover the structure of atoms, their isotopes, atomic number, mass number, and the fundamental discoveries in the field of physics, incl

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Delve into the discovery of the constituents of an atom, from the negatively charged particles in the electron cloud to the positively charged particles in the nucleus. Learn about protons, neutrons, and the particle with no charge as they form the building blocks of matter. Engage with visually sti

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Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, with carbon's unique electronic structure allowing for a vast array of compounds. This field touches many aspects of life, from medicines to polymers. The nucleus of an atom, comprising protons and neutrons, is surrounded by electrons occupying orb

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The atomic model describes how electrons occupy energy levels or shells in an atom. These energy levels have specific capacities for electrons. The electronic structure of an atom is represented by numbers indicating electron distribution. Over time, scientists have developed atomic models based on

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Atoms are neutral with equal protons and electrons. Ions are charged atoms resulting from gaining or losing electrons, while isotopes are atoms with varying numbers of neutrons. The atomic number always signifies the number of protons in an atom, unaffected by electron or neutron changes. Explore th

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Exploring the basics of atomic structure, including elements, mixtures, and compounds. Learn about single atoms, molecules of elements, and compounds formed by different elements. Understand the relationship between protons, neutrons, electrons, atomic number, and atomic mass. Test your knowledge on

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Alexander Nezvanov, a researcher at Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, presented a study on enhanced directional extraction of very cold neutrons using a diamond nanoparticle powder reflector. Very cold neutrons (VCN) have unique properties making them ideal for various applications in neutron tec

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This work discusses nuclear-chemical processes underlying low-energy nuclear reactions in low-temperature plasma environments, focusing on the initiation of artificial radioactivity in metal cathodes under protium- and deuterium-containing nonequilibrium plasma conditions. The role of electrons with

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The research at Kurchatov Institute focuses on investigating nucleonic halos in isobar-analog states (IASs) of nuclei, aiming to understand the structure and properties of exotic nuclei with neutron halos. Neutron halos, characterized by enlarged radii of valence neutrons, have been observed in both

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GRANIT aims to increase observation time of neutrons in gravitational states and enhance precision of measurements. Details about the clean room, UCNs hunting, and progress made in 2010 are outlined, emphasizing the need for system reliability and improvement. Significant steps have been taken towar

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Physics goals for neutrino detectors in the NuStorm project include measuring exclusive neutrino cross sections, supporting long baseline programs, searching for sterile neutrinos, and improving measurements. Detector requirements involve reconstructing neutrino interactions, providing charge and pa

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Detailed overview of experiments like DUNE and ARTIE focusing on the use of liquid argon time projection chambers for studying neutron interactions. Discussions include Pulsed Neutron Source calibration, scattering length measurements, ARTIE setup for resonant transport interactions, and current sim

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Exploring the fundamental components of atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, their charges, symbols, masses, and locations within the atom. We delve into the concept of atomic mass units (AMU) and the structure of the nucleus, as well as the behavior of electrons in relation to the nuc

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Enrico Fermi, a renowned physicist, made significant contributions to the field of quantum mechanics and nuclear physics. Born in Rome in 1901, he went on to receive the Nobel Prize in 1938 for his work on slow neutrons. Fermi's innovative approach as a theorist and experimenter set him apart in the

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Np-237 transmutation effectiveness in the QUINTA setup depends on beam particle type and energy. The challenging nature of Np-237, with a long half-life and accumulation in nuclear waste, necessitates fission for disposal. Neutron capture results in the production of other actinides, making fission

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This content discusses the comparison between the new and old cave configurations in the Neutron Ball testing part II. It showcases images and descriptions of the different cave configurations, highlighting the progress in research at the Cyclotron Institute. The Neutron Ball's functionality and tes

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Explore the concept of valence electrons and Lewis dot diagrams in chemistry. Learn how to identify the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an element using Bohr model drawings. Discover the significance of valence electrons in bonding and how to determine the number of valence electrons f

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Ionizing radiation interacts with matter in direct and indirect ways, leading to various effects on biological systems. Directly ionizing particles disrupt atomic structures, while indirectly ionizing radiation like electromagnetic waves produce secondary electrons. Alpha particles have high ionizat

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Neutral atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, with the charge of the nucleus always positive. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons. The number of neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number. Ions are atoms with a positive or negative

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Explore the concept of atomic mass in atoms, learn to compute atomic mass and mass number, identify isotopes, and calculate the number of neutrons in an atom. Understand the significance of the atomic number and mass number in determining the characteristics of elements.

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The presentation discusses cascaded cooling of neutrons and Namiot's proposal for phononless cooling to low temperatures using polarized deuterons. It explores inelastic scattering cross-sections, candidate paramagnetic systems, and excitations in O2. Additionally, it covers rate constants, superflu

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In this talk by Futoshi Minato from JAEA Nuclear Data Center, topics covered include delayed neutron emission probabilities, incident neutron energy dependence, sensitivity analysis with JENDL evaluated libraries, and important precursors in r-process nucleosynthesis. Theoretical calculations are pr

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Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This presentation explores the significance of stable isotopes, types of isotopes, expressing isotopic abundances, isotope effects, and applications to geochemical studies. Learn about common light element stable i

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Tracing the evolution of atomic models from the ancient Greek philosophers' concept of indivisible atoms to the groundbreaking discoveries of electrons, protons, and neutrons. The journey through Thomson's Plum Pudding model, Rutherford's planetary model, Bohr's quantized model, and the introduction

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Explore the fundamental building blocks of matter - atoms. Discover what materials are made of, delve into atomic theories, examine Bohr models, and learn about the intricate components such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. Engage in a journey through the microscopic world of atoms and their sig

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Before the discovery of the electron, John Dalton proposed the solid sphere model for elements, while JJ Thomson's experiments led to the discovery of electrons. Ernest Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment revealed the concentrated mass at the nucleus, which formed the basis of the nucl

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Explore the intricacies of copper atoms, including calculations for protons, electrons, neutrons, mass number, and isotopes. Learn about the importance of oxidation states and electron configurations from the periodic table. Discover the isotope notation and final details for the element copper.

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Understanding neutron detection basics, absorption cross-section, moderators, positioning, and common detector types is crucial for accurate measurements. Neutrons vary in energy levels, requiring specific detection techniques. Thermal neutrons are easier to detect than fast ones, with materials lik

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Understanding atoms and isotopes is essential in chemistry. Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons that determine their properties. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different atomic masses due to varying numbers of neutrons. Learning how to determine subatomic particles and ato

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