Safe sex practices are crucial for preventing unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This guide discusses various contraception methods including barrier methods like male and female condoms, hormonal contraceptives such as oral pills, and their effectiveness rates. Cost,

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This study by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) discusses the potential effects of microgravity and space radiation on gynecological health during long-duration spaceflight. Topics covered include normal menstruation, fertility, gynecologic pathology, and the impact of hormona

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Shock is a critical condition caused by an imbalance between cellular oxygen supply and demand, leading to organ dysfunction. Compensatory responses include increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, and hormonal adjustments. Recognizable features of shock include tachycardia, hypotension, cool clammy

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Pituitary disorders, often caused by tumors, can disrupt hormone production leading to various symptoms like weight gain, vision problems, and hormonal imbalances. The pituitary gland plays a crucial role in regulating bodily functions through hormone secretion. Factors such as tumor growth, head in

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Explore the intricate workings of the pituitary gland in endocrinology, delving into hypo- and hyperfunction aspects, hormonal regulation, and physiological characteristics. Learn about the crucial role of hormones, their actions on target organs, and the specificity of their interactions with cellu

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Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, affecting around 27% to 52% of women. The condition typically starts between the 6th to 8th week of pregnancy and is linked to hormonal changes. Risk factors include family history, obesity, and young age at pregnancy.

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This lecture delves into the essential aspects of renal function tests, exploring the functional units of the kidney, the role of nephrons in maintaining homeostasis, and the intricate processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion within the renal tubules. Key topics include the hormonal and

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Choose Healthy Life Bariatrics for gastric sleeve surgery. It is renowned for its effectiveness in promoting significant and sustained weight loss. This procedure limits food intake, reduces hunger, and alters hormonal signals related to hunger and fullness.

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A balanced diet is essential for maintaining overall health, and it plays a crucial role in enhancing sexual health as well. Proper nutrition ensures that your body gets the necessary vitamins, minerals, and nutrients to support hormonal balance, improve blood circulation, and boost energy levels, a

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Online trivia game on birth control, STIs, and emergency contraceptives with questions ranging from basic knowledge to in-depth details. Topics include hormonal contraceptives, storing condoms, mechanisms of hormonal birth control, and types of contraceptive methods. Players can test their knowledge

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Newborn female with VACTERL association, imperforate anus, and perianal skin tag identified at birth. Patient transferred for surgical intervention and further workup due to associated abnormalities. Imaging studies show multiple sacral vertebral anomalies. Differential diagnosis includes genetic sy

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This in-depth article delves into the various types of red blood cell abnormalities seen in anemia, such as anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, spherocytes, ovalocytes, acanthocytes, codocytes, drepanocytes, and stomatocytes. It explains the characteristics of each abnormality, their significance in diffe

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Explore the world of combined hormonal contraceptives in this informative course. Learn about different methods, effectiveness, benefits, side effects, and eligibility criteria. Discover how to enhance the effectiveness of your chosen method and compare it with other family planning options. Dive in

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Explore the fascinating world of hormonal control in animals through this GCSE Biology lesson. Learn about hormones, the endocrine system, glands, and their roles in maintaining homeostasis. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of hormonal coordination, and study specific hormones and their f

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Rickets is a metabolic bone disorder primarily caused by deficiencies in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphorus. This leads to softening and weakening of bones, affecting bone growth and remodeling. Genetic, nutritional, and hormonal abnormalities contribute to this condition, impacting young growing ani

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Karyotypes are photographic inventories of an individual's chromosomes, helping determine genetic sex and detect abnormalities. Common chromosomal conditions like Down syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, and Turner's syndrome are discussed, along with the impact of abnormal sex chromosomes on characte

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Reproductive disorders can lead to infertility or sterility in animals, affecting their ability to reproduce. Causes include anatomical, functional, infectious, and management factors. Hormonal infertility may result from issues like cystic ovaries, delayed ovulation, or inactive ovaries. Conditions

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Explore congenital hand abnormalities such as macrodactyly, trigger thumb, clasped thumb, preaxial deficiency, and syndromes like Holt-Oram Syndrome and Fanconi Anemia. Learn about assessment, intervention plans, and common treatments provided by experts in reconstructive plastic and hand surgery.

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Portal vein imaging is crucial for evaluating conditions affecting the abdominal part of the gastrointestinal tract. Techniques such as spleno-portography and CT triphasic contrast imaging are used to visualize the portal vein and diagnose anomalies like portal-systemic collaterals and porto-systemi

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Explore the different types of birth control available, including abstinence, hormonal methods, barrier methods, and permanent methods. Learn about the effectiveness rates, how they work, and their pros and cons to make an informed decision about contraception. From hormonal options like pills, patc

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Sally Kennedy, a UK physiotherapist, explores gait abnormalities common in older individuals and those with neurological conditions. The content delves into the stages of the normal gait cycle, from initial contact to mid-swing, highlighting the importance of identifying and managing common gait pro

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Understanding pathological gait variations related to hip joint differences is crucial in gait analysis. Excessive sagittal, coronal, and transverse plane motions impact stance and swing phases, leading to deviations in gait patterns. Excess flexion, limited flexion, past retraction, excess adductio

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Numerical chromosome aberrations involve the gain or loss of whole chromosomes, impacting the genome size and potentially leading to genetic mutations. Nondisjunction, where chromosomes fail to separate properly during cell division, can result in aneuploidy - the presence of an extra or missing chr

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Chromosomal aberrations and mutations are key events that can alter the genetic structure of organisms. They can lead to numerical abnormalities like aneuploidy and structural abnormalities such as ring chromosomes and chromosome fragments. Understanding these variations in chromosomes is crucial in

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Human cells have 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, totaling 46. Karyotypes help diagnose chromosomal abnormalities by aligning chromosomes in size order. Nondisjunction during meiosis can lead to abnormal chromosome numbers in gametes. Disorders like Down Syndrome, XYY Syndrome,

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This lecture covers essential topics in human genetics, focusing on mitosis, meiosis, and chromosomal abnormalities. Students will learn about the events in mitosis and meiosis, non-disjunction, and classification of chromosomal anomalies, including numerical and structural abnormalities. Detailed e

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Initial clinical evaluation of a child with possible cardiac abnormalities includes history taking and physical examination. History should cover symptoms related to pulmonary and systemic venous congestion, cyanosis, cyanotic spells, palpitations, chest pain, and more. The general physical examinat

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This content delves into the assessment and diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with a focus on early markers, DSM-5 criteria, language/communication abnormalities, social interaction abnormalities, and repetitive behaviors/unusual interests. It provides a comprehensive overview of the key a

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Labor, also known as parturition, is the process of uterine contractions leading to the expulsion of the fetus. Various hormonal changes, including increased estrogen levels, play a crucial role in triggering and regulating labor. The progression from a quiescent uterus to active contractions involv

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Labor, or parturition, involves uterine contractions leading to the fetus's expulsion. Factors triggering labor include hormonal changes like increased estrogen and decreased progesterone, which stimulate uterine muscle activity. Telocytes play a role in spontaneous uterine activity, while oxytocin

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The male reproductive system plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis, sexual performance, and hormonal regulation. Spermatogenesis is a complex process involving the formation of sperm cells from spermatogonia, which then mature through distinct stages. The anatomical structures involved, such as th

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Body temperature regulation is a vital aspect of nursing care, involving the balance between heat production and loss. The core body temperature is controlled by the hypothalamus, responding to thermal receptors and hormonal cues to maintain homeostasis. Heat production mechanisms such as metabolism

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Psoriasis is a chronic, multifactorial skin condition characterized by papulosquamous eruptions caused by abnormalities in arachidonic acid metabolism and skin cell immunity. It is believed to have a genetic component and results in various types of lesions like chronic plaque, guttate, flexural, an

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A case report presented at the 9th Annual State Ophthalmological Conference TOSCON 2024 discusses a young male patient grappling with unexplained vision loss and hormonal abnormalities. The patient exhibited symptoms of headache, diminished vision in the left eye, and an unusual head-turning behavio

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Obesity is a condition characterized by excess body fat accumulation, impacting overall health and increasing the risk of various complications such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. This content delves into defining obesity based on BMI, exploring anatomic and biochemical differences in fat d

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This study examines the association between ECG abnormalities and incident CVD events in patients with type 1 diabetes, focusing on the prognostic significance in a population where CVD develops earlier. Major and minor ECG abnormalities were classified, with cardiovascular events such as myocardial

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Learn the essential techniques for assessing the integumentary system, including skin, hair, and nails, through inspection and palpation. Understand how to evaluate nail health based on color, shape abnormalities like spoon shape or clubbing, and texture variations. Explore skin assessment criteria,

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A 45-year-old male with gait abnormalities was referred for evaluation, with an unknown inheritance and deceased parents. His father had a history of ataxia and tremor. Using the GAIN scoring metric, the genomic content was assessed, including the presence of protein-coding genes, established TS gen

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This presentation covers the functions of calcium, calcium metabolism, bone physiology, and hormonal regulation of calcium metabolism focusing on parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and Vitamin D. It discusses hypo and hyperparathyroidism in detail, including clinical manifestations and treatment optio

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A 3-year-old child was admitted with severe dehydration due to persistent vomiting, alongside failure to thrive. Despite treatment, hypotension remained unresolved. Examination revealed ambiguous genitalia with clitoromegaly and absent gonads. Investigations showed electrolyte imbalances and hormona

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