Exploring the definitions of infant mortality and safe sleep practices, this content delves into the Infant Mortality Ratio (IMR) and Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) Mortality Ratio. Data sources such as vital records and the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) shed light on th

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Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a common congenital heart condition characterized by a hole in the septum between the heart's ventricles. This defect can lead to various complications and is often associated with chromosomal disorders. Different types of VSD exist, each requiring tailored treatme

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A 72-year-old gentleman with severe RLE claudication referred for evaluation. Despite medical therapy, he experiences rest pain. Past medical history includes diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, and prior PAD intervention. The case details the patient's presentation, vital signs,

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Explore the cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases, particularly focusing on endocrine disorders like diabetes mellitus. Learn about the dermatologic signs associated with conditions such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Addison's disease, and Cushing syndrome. Discover specific manifestat

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Embark on a journey through the fascinating world of embryology with Dr. Sanaa Al Sharawi and Dr. Essam Salama. Delve into the definition, significance, and developmental periods of embryology, learning about prenatal and postnatal stages, common terminologies like oocyte and zygote, and critical pe

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Newborn screening is a screening program for infants under which pre-symptomatic congenital conditions are detected so that treatment can be commenced as soon as possible to prevent or reduce the long-term consequences of the disease. These programs are usually run by the national or state governing

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The Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act of 1994 in India aims to curb female foeticide and address the dwindling sex ratio by prohibiting prenatal sex determination. This legislation regulates diagnostic methods, prevents sex selection, and focuses on detecting genetic disorders, metabolic abnormalit

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Salivary gland affections in animals, particularly dogs, are discussed, highlighting the main pairs of salivary glands and their locations. The content covers details on the parotid, mandibular, sublingual, and zygomatic glands, along with their respective ducts. Information on congenital and acquir

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Affections of the jaw in animals can range from congenital conditions to inflammatory diseases like gnathitis and lymphadenitis. Paralysis of the lower jaw, gnathitis from bit injuries, and lymphadenitis are discussed, along with their etiology, clinical signs, and treatment options such as general

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The Margaret Hackett Family Program at UChicago Medicine is dedicated to advancing care and research for patients with congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. Through pillars focused on providing compassionate care, establishing a network of experts, creating resources for navigating tre

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Understanding the impact of obesity stigma as a stressor throughout the lifecourse is essential, especially concerning pregnancy. The prevalence of pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity poses significant risks, leading to various maternal complications like gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, an

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This clinical case study focuses on a pediatric patient presenting with abdominal enlargement and a history of delayed development. Key aspects covered include birth and maternal history, immediate postnatal course, developmental milestones, and past medical history. The diagnosis process involves c

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Myxedema coma is a rare, life-threatening condition associated with decompensated hypothyroidism. It presents with altered mental status, low body temperature, and various metabolic abnormalities. This article explores the primary symptoms, differential diagnosis, and management of myxedema coma bas

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A 22-year-old male from Pune presents with high-grade fever, chills, myalgia, arthralgia, loose stools, and vomiting for 2 days. Past history is unremarkable, while the family history includes hypothyroidism in the mother and hypertension in the father. General examination reveals normal vital signs

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This presentation covers the pathophysiology, associated anomalies, diagnosis, consequences, and management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). It discusses prenatal interventions, postnatal strategies, anesthetic considerations, and long-term concerns in CDH repair. Understanding the complexi

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Social Vulnerability in Congenital Syphilis cases among mothers in Indiana is a pressing issue. Despite being preventable, the rise in cases signals a failure in detection and care systems. The trend of increasing cases is associated with a rise in infectious syphilis among women. This qualitative a

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Choledochal cysts are congenital anomalies of the biliary tract characterized by cystic dilatation at various segments. They can lead to complications like biliary cirrhosis and recurrent pancreatitis. Clinical features include jaundice, abdominal pain, and right epigastric mass. Early detection is

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Explore congenital hand abnormalities such as macrodactyly, trigger thumb, clasped thumb, preaxial deficiency, and syndromes like Holt-Oram Syndrome and Fanconi Anemia. Learn about assessment, intervention plans, and common treatments provided by experts in reconstructive plastic and hand surgery.

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Heart failure is a condition where the heart struggles to pump blood efficiently, leading to various complications. It can affect different sides of the heart, with causes ranging from coronary artery disease to valve problems. Congenital heart diseases, on the other hand, are common anomalies prese

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Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, crucial for neurological development in utero and early life. Adequate iodine levels prevent adverse effects like decreased IQ, goiter, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. Mild to moderate iodine deficiency in pregnant women can have adverse outcom

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Exploring the definitions of congenital heart disease and exercise, this content delves into the benefits and risks associated with physical activity for individuals with CHD. It highlights the importance of different types of exercise, from dynamic to static, and explains the distinctions between m

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Thyroxin hormone plays a crucial role in regulating body metabolism. Administration of thyroxin boosts oxygen consumption and heat production. The thyroid gland's functions include managing production of thyroxin, leading to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Disorders such as cretinism and myxedema

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In the upcoming event on October 17, 2023, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons will host a webinar focusing on the Congenital Heart Surgery Database along with essential updates and education for STS data managers. The session will cover a wide range of topics such as case inclusion requirements, data

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This collection of images and data discusses the importance of monitoring thyroid function after head and neck cancer treatment, specifically focusing on post-treatment thyroid function tests, audits of practices in head and neck units, thyroid function post laryngectomy, and the significance of det

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Club foot, also known as Congenital Talipes Equinovarus, is a condition characterized by a tri-planar deformity of the foot. This article covers the aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment options, and patient management strategies for club foot. It discusses the gene variations, environm

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The Pediatric Continuity Clinic Curriculum for Newborn Screening 2014 aims to increase familiarity with disorders tested in Florida Newborn Screening and manage abnormal results effectively. The presentation covers the goal of NBS, common diagnoses, resources for managing abnormal screens, and speci

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This informative content covers the causes and features of cyanotic congenital heart disease, including central cyanosis due to congenital heart diseases like Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, Ebstein anomaly, and more. It also discusses non-cardiac causes of cyanosis related to lung diseases,

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Birth defects refer to abnormalities present in babies at birth, regardless of genetic or prenatal causes. They affect 2-3% of babies in the US, making them a leading cause of infant mortality. Structural defects like cleft lip/palate, spina bifida, and club foot can impact a child's health and deve

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Hypothyroidism in dogs is an endocrine disorder characterized by reduced secretion of thyroid hormones, leading to a range of clinical signs such as lethargy, weight gain, and hair loss. Common in medium to large breeds, this condition can result from primary thyroid dysfunction or pituitary-depende

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Mrs. GV, a 78-year-old woman with endocrine-resistant hormone-positive metastatic breast cancer, presented with dyspnea. Her medical history includes chronic fatigue syndrome, hypothyroidism, and hypertension. Disease progression led to dermal and intraocular metastasis, managed with treatments like

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Hypothyroidism is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, leading to a variety of symptoms. This detailed presentation covers the causes, manifestations, and treatments of hypothyroidism, with a focus on the drugs used for treatment. Learn about different classes of medications, their mechani

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Delve into the highly specialised commissioning of Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes by Professor Jacqueline Palace from the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurology at John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. Explore key messages, learning objectives, and disclosures related to diagnosing, differentiating,

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Congenital hypothyroidism requires early diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation for optimal outcomes. Factors influencing treatment success include the age of starting treatment, severity of hypothyroidism, starting dose of medication, and ongoing monitoring of thyroid levels. Studies suggest tha

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The case report discusses a 5-day-old newborn with congenital anophthalmos, a rare condition characterized by the absence of the eye globe since birth. The patient presented with a deformed right eye and examination revealed a complete absence of ocular tissue in the right eye socket along with norm

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Congenital heart diseases are abnormalities in the heart's structure present at birth. Factors like viral infections, genetic conditions, and maternal health contribute to these conditions. There are non-cyanotic and cyanotic classifications based on shunting patterns. Examples include atrial septal

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Explore the terminology, causes, characteristics, and results of genetic and congenital disorders, as well as the disorders of single-gene inheritance. Learn about autosomal dominant disorders like Marfan Syndrome and Neurofibromatosis. Discover how single-gene disorders are inherited and their impa

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This module provides comprehensive information on evaluating, testing, and reporting cases of congenital Zika virus infection. Learners will gain insights into guidelines, case definitions, and the importance of accurate reporting for better surveillance. Access to updated resources and the impact o

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Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a condition affecting the proximal femoral physis, leading to slippage of the metaphysis relative to the epiphysis. It is most commonly seen in adolescent males, particularly those who are obese. Treatment usually involves percutaneous pin fixation. Risk f

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This content provides detailed information and images on various types of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases (CCHD) including CCHD with low PBF, CCHD with high PBF, TOF equivalents, Eisenmenger syndrome, inter-circulatory mixing, and more. It explores causes of cyanosis, classifications based on phy

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Explore the comprehensive overview of thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer, and more. Delve into learning objectives such as Grave's Disease, Thyroiditis, and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia. This educational content covers essential information for understanding

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