Overview of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases (CCHD)

This content provides detailed information and images on various types of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases (CCHD) including CCHD with low PBF, CCHD with high PBF, TOF equivalents, Eisenmenger syndrome, inter-circulatory mixing, and more. It explores causes of cyanosis, classifications based on physiology, and different conditions associated with CCHD. The visuals aid in understanding the complexities of these heart diseases.

• Cyanotic Heart Diseases
• Congenital Heart Conditions
• Heart Disease Classifications
• Pediatric Cardiology
• Heart Defects

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1. DESSERT SESSION

2. CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE CCHD with low PBF and no PAH CCHD with low PBF and PAH CCHD with high PBF CCHD with near normal PBF 1. 2. 3. 4.

3. CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE CCHD with low PBF and no PAH 1. TOF 2. TOF equivalents (PS with VSD like pathology) 3. Pulmonary atresia with IVS 4. PS with ASD 5. Ebstein anomaly of TV

4. CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE TOF equivalents A. DORV+ VSD+ PS B. D-TGA + VSD+ PS C. L-TGA + VSD+ PS D. Tricuspid Atresia + VSD + PS E. Single Ventricle + PS F. Truncus Arteriosus with small pulmonary arteries

5. CCHD with Low PBF & PAH Eisenmenger syndrome

6. CCHD WITH HIGH PBF Inter circulatory mixing (admixture physiology) Venous level: TAPVC Atrial level : Single Atrium, Tricuspid Atresia, HLHS Ventricular level : Single ventricle Arterial level: Truncus Arteriosus Transposition Physiology D TGA Taussing bing anomaly

7. CCHD WITH NEAR NORMAL PBF Pulmonary Arterio Venous Fistula Anomalous drainage of vena cava to Left Atrium Un roofing of coronary sinus in to Left Atrium

8. CCHD CLASSIFICATION TOF physiology Transposition physiology Admixture physiology Pretricuspid- TAPVC, HLHS, TA, single Atrium Post-tricuspid- single Ventricle, TA Eisenmenger physiology Ductus dependent physiology Ductus dependent pulmonary circulation- PA Ductus dependent systemic circulation- HLHS Near normal physiology- Pulmonary AV fistula Miscelloneous- Ebstein anomaly, PS + ASD

9. CAUSES OF CYANOSIS AGE BIRTH CAUSE OF CYANOSIS 1. D TGA 2. Obstructive TAPVC 3. Tricuspid atresia 4. Pulmonary atresia with hypoplastic RV 5. TOF (severe PS) 1. D TGA 2. Pulmonary Atresia 3. Tricuspid atresia 4. Ebstein 5. Critical PS 1. TOF 2. TGA 3. Admixture lesions 4. TAPVC 5. SV 6. DORV 7. Truncus arteriosus 1stweek > 1 week

10. HEART FAILURE 1STday of life AGE Causes of Heart Failure 1. Large AV fistula 2. Congenital severe PR/ severe TR 3. Premature infant with Large PDA 4. Critical AS 5. Tachyarrthythmia/ bradyarrhythmia 6. HLHS 1. Coarctation of Aorta 2. Critical AS 3. Critical PS 4. Obstructed TAPVC 5. HLHS 1. Coarctation of Aorta with large PDA 2. Large VSD 3. Large PDA 4. AV septal defect 5. TGA with nonrestrictive VSD 6. Truncus Arteriosus 1. VSD with PDA 2. ALCAPA 3. Aortoventricular tunnels 4. Any of the above conditions 1STweek of life 1STmonth of life 6 month of life

11. Decreased PBF Increased PBF Presentation at Any age Neonate / Infant Appearance Comfortable Sick, Lethargic, Irritable Cyanosis Mild - Severe Mild (except TGA with intact IVS) Squatting /Cyanotic spells Common Uncommon Feeding difficulty / Sweating Absent Present Failure to thrive Absent Present Weight Gain Normal Suboptimal Recurrent LRI No Yes Tachypnea Absent Present Heart size Normal Cardiomegaly CHF, Tachycardia, S3, S4 Absent Present CXR Olegemia, No Cardiomegaly Plethoric Lungs, Cardiomegaly

12. RECURRENT RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION 2 or more admissions in six months or three admissions for Pneumonia in any time frame 3 annual episodes of documented bronchitis, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia

13. LRTI IN CHD Compress the adjacent bronchi and bronchioles Engorgement of pulmonary arteries Stasis of secretion s Microatel ectasis PBF

14. LRTI IN CHD Increased mucus secretion Goblet cell hyperplasia

15. Abnormalities of the respiratory mucus or defects in the mucociliary function Structural defects of cilia or secondary to various infections Defects in clearance of airway secretions Reduced ciliary movement

16. Decreased immune mechanism (syndrome) blood pooling in lungs- bacterial growth