This slideshow provides an overview of tumor classification, nomenclature, and key concepts in pathology. It covers the definitions of neoplasm, tumor, and oncology, the classification of tumors into benign and malignant categories, as well as the importance of stroma in tumor behavior. It also expl

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Viruses interact with host cells in various ways, encoding genes that manipulate cell functions for their benefit. These interactions can range from benign to lethal outcomes. Factors influencing these interactions include viral factors, cellular responses, and the presence of virulence factors. Dif

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Despite frequently being benign, uterine endometrial polyps can have a serious influence on a woman\u2019s general health and her ability to conceive. These minute tissue developments in the uterine coating can cause a large number of side effects and results. Endometrial polyps, though usually non-

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The spleen, an important organ in the reticuloendothelial system, plays key roles in red blood cell quality control, antibody synthesis, and removal of bacteria and red blood cells. Understanding normal spleen size and functions is crucial in diagnosing splenomegaly, which can be due to various caus

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Neonatal jaundice, a common condition in newborns, results from elevated bilirubin levels. While often benign, high levels can lead to complications like kernicterus. Recognizing risk factors, limitations of clinical assessment, and appropriate evaluation and treatment are crucial in managing neonat

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The prostate is a soft organ in reproductive anatomy. It is nearly about the size of a chestnut. Its weight is around 30 grams. It is located in the pelvis below the bladder with the urethra passing through. It is surrounded by an elastic, fibromuscular capsule and contains glandular tissue and conn

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brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain. Tumors can be either cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign). Cancerous tumors grow and spread aggressively, potentially invading nearby tissues and spreading to other parts of the body, while non-cancerous tumors are usually less aggr

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Testicular tumors are predominantly malignant, with germ cell tumors being the most common type. This article delves into the classification of testicular tumors, including primary and secondary, benign and malignant, germ cell, and non-germ cell tumors. Clinical findings such as painless enlargemen

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Lipomas are common benign tumors that often present as small, painless, subcutaneous masses. This summary provides insights into the clinical features of lipomas, including their typical characteristics and management recommendations. It emphasizes the importance of reassurance, observation, and app

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Benign breast conditions can manifest in various ways, including pain, palpable masses, and nipple discharge. Familiarity with common inflammatory conditions like mastitis and abscesses, as well as understanding fibrocystic changes and benign tumors such as fibroadenoma, is crucial. Mammographic scr

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This case involves a 2-month-old female with Tetralogy of Fallot, carrying a genetic variation in the 19p13.11 region. The evaluation process includes assessing genes, known dosage sensitivity, gene count, and detailed analysis of the duplication found in the DGV Gold Standard Dataset. The frequency

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This 1-week course delves into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the Hematopoietic System. Topics covered include benign and malignant hematologic disorders, pediatric and adult presentations, blood component therapy, transfusion medicine, and more. Faculty units fr

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Laryngeal tumours can be benign or malignant, with different types such as papilloma, chondroma, paraganglioma, and squamous cell carcinoma. These tumours present with various symptoms and may spread through direct, lymphatic, or hematogenous routes. Risk factors include tobacco smoking, alcohol con

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Hypertension, a common yet serious health issue, is explored in detail in this lecture. The etiology, risk factors, and complications of hypertension are discussed, along with the classification into primary, secondary, benign, and malignant hypertension. The lecture also covers causes of secondary

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Dr. Khalid Akkour, Assistant Professor of Gynecologic Oncology at King Saud University Medical City, provides insights on uterine cancer and postmenopausal bleeding. The structured OSCE discusses important aspects such as taking a focused history, age, ethnicity, past gynecologic and obstetric histo

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Urinary retention can be acute or chronic, resulting in the painful inability to void or fully empty the bladder. In men, common causes include benign prostatic enlargement and post-surgery complications, while women may experience it due to pelvic prolapse or neurological issues. Initial management

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Episcleritis and scleritis are inflammatory conditions affecting the episclera and sclera of the eye, respectively. Episcleritis is benign, self-limiting, and rarely progresses to scleritis, presenting with redness and mild discomfort. Scleritis, on the other hand, is a more serious condition that c

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Melanoma, a type of skin cancer, can be life-threatening if not diagnosed early. This study presented at the IEEE EMBC conference focuses on using a convolutional neural network for automated detection of melanoma lesions in clinical images. The importance of early detection is highlighted, as exper

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Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignancy often challenging to differentiate from benign thyroid nodules. This case study highlights a 50-year-old male patient whose nonfunctioning sporadic PC was initially misidentified as a follicular thyroid nodule. Despite preoperative evaluations, includi

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Explore the general features of lymphoproliferative disorders, including benign causes like infectious mononucleosis and the classification of malignant LPDs. Delve into chronic lymphoid leukemia, along with common LPDs such as Burkitt lymphoma, Follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and Hodgkin lym

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Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. These cells form tumors that can be either cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign). Cancer can develop in various parts of the body and is often caused by genetic changes that affect cell

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Endometrial cancer, the most common gynecological malignancy in women, presents with abnormal uterine bleeding and affects women mainly during menopause. Risk factors include hormonal stimulation and estrogen levels. Differentiating between types of endometrial cancer can impact treatment decisions.

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Disney's role in diplomacy, particularly in South America, reveals a complex interplay between cultural dominance, commercial interests, and government policies. The Good Neighbors Office aimed to counter German propaganda through positive American portrayal, but overlooked cultural differences and

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Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common urological condition with potential links to prostate cancer. Current diagnosis methods lack reliability, prompting the development of a novel point-of-care platform using prostatic exosomal protein as an indicator. This study fo

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This comprehensive guide covers the diagnosis and management of parotid tumors, including anatomy, differential diagnosis, and management strategies. It discusses the approach to evaluating patients with neck lumps, differential diagnoses to consider, and the management techniques for both benign an

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Suprapubic catheter insertion is a procedure indicated for conditions such as urethral injury, obstruction, bladder neck masses, and benign prostatic hypertrophy. It involves proper patient positioning, analgesia, equipment preparation, and a step-by-step technique including bladder palpation, marki

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Understanding the natural history, evaluation, and management of benign liver lesions is crucial for diagnosing incidental liver findings. Common benign liver lesions include hepatic hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenoma, and hepatic cyst. Differential diagnosis plays a key role in

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Perineal hernias are a common condition in uncastrated males but can also occur in females and cats. Weakness in the pelvic diaphragm can lead to herniation due to factors like hormonal disorders, prostatic diseases, and rectal issues. The symptoms include swelling in the perineal region, and diagno

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Neoplasia encompasses abnormal tissue growth that can be benign or malignant. This article explores neoplastic terms, tumor classifications, cancer staging, and genetic factors in cancer development. Gain insights into the characteristics of benign tumors, the biology of cancer including carcinogene

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Neoplasia, or new growth, is characterized by uncoordinated growth exceeding that of normal tissues, persistent growth independent of stimuli, loss of responsiveness to growth controls, and local expansion regardless of host environment. Tumors are classified into benign and malignant categories in

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Canine mammary neoplasms, including benign adenomas and malignant carcinomas, are common in intact female dogs. This article discusses the clinical signs, diagnosis methods like FNAC and biopsy, WHO clinical staging system, and the importance of palpating regional lymph nodes for prognosis assessmen

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Understanding the classification of tumors is crucial in the field of pathology. This detailed overview covers the definitions of neoplasia and tumors, the differentiation between benign and malignant tumors, nomenclature, and characteristics of various tumor types. It discusses the behaviors of ben

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Pathologist Saeed Samie discusses feelings of safety and satisfaction when reporting thyroid FNA results, emphasizing certainty in malignant lesions over benign ones. Reduction of unnecessary surgical interventions and the importance of uniform categorization for clinical decision-making and guideli

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Opportunities and strategies to engage trainees in benign hematology education, focusing on the importance of early exposure, clinical experiences, and fostering engagement with benign hematologists. Discusses challenges in the field and the benefits of double boarding in hematology and oncology.

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Fibroadenomas are common benign breast tumors, with unknown pathogenesis but linked to hormonal factors. They typically present as painless, movable masses and are often diagnosed through ultrasound or mammogram. Management involves monitoring or surgical excision based on size, growth rate, patient

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A case report presented at the 9th Annual State Ophthalmological Conference TOSCON 2024 discusses a young male patient grappling with unexplained vision loss and hormonal abnormalities. The patient exhibited symptoms of headache, diminished vision in the left eye, and an unusual head-turning behavio

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Salivary gland diseases, including tumors, can affect both major and minor glands. These tumors may be benign or malignant, with common benign tumors like pleomorphic adenoma. Clinical features of salivary gland tumors vary, with slow-growing benign tumors being more common. Pleomorphic adenoma is p

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Explore the spectrum of renal tumors, from benign papillary adenomas and oncocytomas to malignant renal cell carcinomas like clear cell carcinoma. Images and descriptions showcase the gross pathology and histopathology of these tumors. Learn about the features and prognosis of different renal tumor

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Cr(VI)-induced mutagenesis is a key event in the mode of action for small intestinal tumors in mice, with the question of whether it is an essential step in tumor development. The interaction of cellular components with Cr leads to cell proliferation, hyperplasia, and ultimately mutagenesis. Differe

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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological problem in men, especially those over 45 years old. This article discusses the diagnosis and management of BPH, including symptoms, impact on quality of life, diagnostic steps, lifestyle modifications, medication options like alpha blockers a

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