Exploration of Early Indian Travellers and the Influence on Modern Tourism

 
Early Indian Travellers and Modern Indian
Tourism Industry:  A Quest of History as
an Alternative Sources of Employment
 
Dr . Bhimashankar Birajdar
Head, Dept. of History,
Kisan Veer Mahavidyalaya, Wai
 
What is Tourism and traveller?
 
"Tourism is a collection of activities, services and
industries which deliver a travel experience comprising
transportation, accommodation, eating and drinking
establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses and
other hospitality services provided for individuals or
groups traveling away from home" (UNWTO)
 Traveller - 
A Person  who travel  often or who is
engaged in  travelling
 A traveler is someone who moves between different
geographic locations, for any purpose any duration
( Cambridge Dictionary)
 
Sources of History
 
Literary Sources: Hindu , Jain , Buddhist
Archaeological Sources : Inscription , Coin,
Copper Plate , Art & Architecture , Excavated
Evidences
Foreign Traveller Record : Greek ,Chinese,
Arabi, Other
 
Early Indian Important  Traveller
 
Reconstruction of Early India Is incomplete with
out foreign sources which Include foreign
travellers who visited Indian subcontinent Sprit of
Exploration of unknown lands, and study religion
and culture of India
Greek ,Romans , Chinese Tibetans Muslims
Traveller visited India regarding to Social ,Political
, religious, Cultural life  of Ancient India
Megesthenis ( Greek ) – Indica
FA Hien, Hieun Tsang ,
 
I -tising (China )
Alberuni(Arabia )
 
Classification of Foreign traveller
record
 
Early Period ( Till 12 Century A.D.)
Sources of Medieval Period (13
th
 to 18
th
 A.D.)
             Early Period ( Till 12 Century A.D.)
A) Herodotous (484 to 413 BC) – Father O f
History , Who Used First name India  In His
Book Historia , he Include the information
related to lower Indus Region, He did not
visited india but he used the Parshian sources
 
Megassthenis (350 to 290)  
– Indika
Chdraguptas Maurya , Administration , Indian
society , Whether Condition Crops of India
Comparison Between Kautilya  Arthshatra &
Indika-  Arthashatra Mention  4 Varna
    Indika mention 7 classes were exited in India
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea- 
Unknown
Author wrote this book – Geography and
natural history of India, town, trade routes
port, Monsoon winds.
 
Chaines Travellar
 
Chinese traveller visit India to  visite holy places related to
Buddhism , to Search Manuscripts of this religion, translate
this scripture in their own language .
 They incidentally mention the social and polity and other
information in there account
 
FA Hien (337-422) A.D.) 
Gives the contemporary account of
the Administration of Chandragupta II of Gupata Dynasty
Valuable evidence to strength and in many places to the
dominance of the Buddhisism in central Asia and India
Historical pilgrims traveller
His record is careful and accurate and most places he
visited can be identified
 
Hiueen  Tsang 
(602-664 A.D) Visited india in
period of emperor Harsha
His Book is Si-yu- ki record of western Coutries
Gives information of Administration , social
condition of Harsha Age
Holy land of Buddha and Nalanda University
I -tising 
( 635- 713 A.D. ) His Qiufa Gaosean Zhuan
a breef biographies of chainess budhist pilgrims
Interestin and gives an impression of the
numbers of pilgrims who went  to India
Describe Buddhist practices of India  and rule of
Vinaypitak
 
Why this Chinese record are
importance
 
 
Religious Outlook
Buddhism Information
Only gave important to Buddhist religion
Impartial Observation
Not gives more information about society and polity ,
economy, brief information about political kingdom
Valuable account classical Buddhism  and contemporary
information
Useful for reconstruct  the socio and economical history of
early India
Filling gap of other sources
 
Arabi Travellar Account
 
Alberuni Account
 – Studing the cultural and civilization of
the Country
 Learn Sanskrit and Studied its different branches of
literature
He was Master in Philosophy Astronomy Mathematics
He record gives information of Indian society and culture
Rational mind enriched by profound knowledge of his age
Nothing give information about political condition
His account rest on primarily on his study of Indian
literature not on his personal observation
Information about Hindu-  Muslim relation
Liberal statement regarding to Indian society
 
Precaution to use this Travelogue
 
Sprit of Exploration of unknown lands,
Ignorant of the languages and customs of the
country
Record depend upon the other report and
Hearsay evidence
Exaggeration anything that was unfamiliar to
them
Unwise to put full faith in everything written
in this record
 
 Modern  Tourism industry and Its
present Scenario  in India
 
The Indian Tourism and hospitality sector  are the
an important service sector in India
Government of India  allotted the 1250 Cr.in year
2018 started the Swadesh Darshan , Pilgrimage
Rejuvenation & Spiritual Augmentation
Cultural tourism is the subtheme of
tourism  concerned with a traveler's engagement
with a country or region's culture ,
 
Emerging Industry 
-  The Indian tourism and
hospitality industry has emerged as one of the
key drivers of growth among the services sector
in India.
Rich cultural and historical heritage 
– In Indian
rich cultural and historical heritage so
government wants to commercialized these
assets and attract national and foreign tourists.
 
Government Policy 
– Govt has allotted Rs 1,250
core in year2018 for integrated development of
tourist circuits under Swadesh Darshan and
Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual
Augmentation.
 
Historical & Cultural background :  
tourism term is used for
journeys that include visits to cultural resources, regardless of
whether it is tangible or intangible. Specifically the historical sites,
religious places, art & architecture, religious tradition, fair-festival,
rural & ethnic pockets cultural tradition, urban  lifestyle, food,
values, customs and other elements of the people
International National and State Collaboration-  
Maharashtra
having the rich cultural heritage this region has Social, Religious and
political diversity, cultural miscellany center.
Global to Local Tourism 
- Tourist places of Mumbai Nagpur, Solapur
, Kolhapur  Pune, Satara and Nashik ,Aurangabad   attract the
Tourist from various states of India and abrod government want to
attrract these tourist in regional Local places
 
 
 Types of Tourism
 
Recreational Tourism -
 This includes people who
travel to relax, and have fun.
Cultural Tourism
 - Cultural Tourism is the subset of
tourism concerned with a traveler’s engagement
with a country or region’s culture,
Religious Tourism
- It is also referred as faith Tourism.
It is a type of tourism where people travel
individually or in a group for pilgrimage or leisure
(fellowship ) purposes
 
Types of Tourism
 
 
Nature Tourism - 
This is referred as responsible travel to
natural areas, which conserves the environment and
improves the welfare of the local people
Pleasure Tourism
 - Some people travel for their
happiness and satisfaction.
Medical  Tourism
 - Medical Tourism refers to people
travelling to a country other than their own to obtain
medical treatment.
Adventure Tourism
 -Adventure Tourism is a nice tourism
involving exploration of a travel with a certain degree
Eco tourism
 typically involves travel to destinations
where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary
attractions
 
Types of tourism
 
Business tourism-
 Is a more limited and focused subset
of regular tourism. During 
business
tourism
 (traveling),
Sustainable tourism-
 is the concept of visiting
somewhere as a tourist and trying to make a positive
impact on the environment, society, and economy.
Sports tourism
 refers to travel which involves either
observing or participating in a sporting event
Agro tourism-
   Broadly, involves any agriculturally
based operation or activity that brings visitors to a farm
 
Types of tourism
 
Culinary tourism
 or 
food tourism-
 Is the exploration
of food as the purpose of tourism.
Space tourism-
 is human 
space
 travel for recreational
purposes
War tourism
 is recreational travel to active or
former 
war
 zones for purposes of sightseeing or
historical study.
Slum tourism-
or ghetto 
tourism
 is a type of
city 
tourism
 that involves visiting impoverished areas
Disaster tourism-
 has been defined as the practice of
visiting locations at which an environmental 
disaster
 
Importance of the Tourism
 
Unemployment is major issue in front of Youth .
Maharashtra has great cultural legacy, potential of
agricultural, environmental  resources, variety of languages
cheap labor availability and transport facility  provide the
ample opportunity development of tourism sector
 Proper Guidance,Planing , Skill workforce  and Propaganda
of  tourism  will be helpful for increase  employability
Tourism will play the an important role to overall
development of State and country
 
 
 
Importance for Society
 
To reduce the 
unemployment
 of youth
 As we know as the various 
industry is in big crisis 
many labour
become unemployed.
Industrial shout down creating big problem in front of people
hence 
people migrate in to metro cities.
Tourism generate the employment & 
business opportunity 
in the
context tourism.
 
Acquaint tourist of local and  region  assets 
to national and
international people
Tourism can Provide 
other kind of employment 
possibilities
available in the regional context ( Hotel , Food , Local Market
Agriculture Market etc)
Tourism 
will improve economy and living standard 
society.
Local and regional art, Small scale industry, agriculture, other sector
can get the benefit and customer from tourism
 
Importance for Economic
Development
 
Tourism will helpful  to the 
entrepreneur 
to
devise accurate policy for tourism sector,
 It will helpful for 
policy makers to formulating
concrete policy
 for the development of the local
and regional tourism
Tourism Industry play significant role in for new
entrepreneur to develop there new start-up 
plan
regarding to tourism industry such as cotton
,handloom, hotel transport & other sector, agro
tourism, Eco tourism ,  medical tourism, transport
and many more
 
Challenges before tourism Industry
 
Lack of Infrastructure
Lack of Transportation
Skilled Human resources
Insufficient Promotion and Marketing
Safety and Security Issues
Government Taxation
 
 
Top institutes in India for travel and
tourism
 
Centre for tourism studies Pondicherry
Indian institute of hotel and tourism management ,
Ghaziabad
Indian institute of tourism management, Amity
institute of travel and tourism.
National institute of tourism hospitality  management.
Al-Ameen institutes of management studies Banglore.
Thomas Cook-Centre of learning, Dhelhi.
Bharathi vidyapeeth college of hotel and tourism
management, Pune.
 
Top companies in travel and tourism
sector in India
 
Indian Railways catering and tourism corporation.
State tourism boards
Cox & kings Ltd.
Thomas cook Ltd.
Make my trip
Flying Fox
SOTC India
East india Travel co
Kesari tours
Club Mahindra
Travel guru
Air Asia
Trivago
 
 
Opportunities in Tourism Industry
 
Travel Agent
Travel consultant
Hotel Industry
Tour Operator
Event & Conference Organiser
Tour Guide
Insurance Agent
P.R. Manager
Cultural Activity Co- Ordinator
Transport Officer
Freelance Journalist
Entrepreneur
Retailer
 
 
 
Role of Youth
 
Skill work Force
Smart Work
Update Information
Connection  Between Local to Global Market
Technology related work
Commercial View
Linkage to Local to global Culture
Allied Industry Assistance
Positive Approach
 
 
   
Thank You!
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Delve into the historical significance of early Indian travellers through foreign sources like Greek, Roman, Chinese, Tibetan, and Muslim records. Learn how their explorations shaped India's social, political, religious, and cultural landscape. Discover the classification of foreign traveller records from different periods and how they provide insights into ancient India's heritage. Uncover the rich historical tapestry that continues to inspire and drive the modern Indian tourism industry.


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  1. Early Indian Travellers and Modern Indian Tourism Industry: A Quest of History as an Alternative Sources of Employment Dr . Bhimashankar Birajdar Head, Dept. of History, Kisan Veer Mahavidyalaya, Wai

  2. What is Tourism and traveller? "Tourism is a collection of activities, services and industries which deliver a travel experience comprising transportation, accommodation, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses and other hospitality services provided for individuals or groups traveling away from home" (UNWTO) Traveller - A Person who travel often or who is engaged in travelling A traveler is someone who moves between different geographic locations, for any purpose any duration ( Cambridge Dictionary)

  3. Sources of History Literary Sources: Hindu , Jain , Buddhist Archaeological Sources : Inscription , Coin, Copper Plate , Art & Architecture , Excavated Evidences Foreign Traveller Record : Greek ,Chinese, Arabi, Other

  4. Early Indian Important Traveller Reconstruction of Early India Is incomplete with out foreign sources which Include foreign travellers who visited Indian subcontinent Sprit of Exploration of unknown lands, and study religion and culture of India Greek ,Romans , Chinese Tibetans Muslims Traveller visited India regarding to Social ,Political , religious, Cultural life of Ancient India Megesthenis ( Greek ) Indica FA Hien, Hieun Tsang , I -tising (China ) Alberuni(Arabia )

  5. Classification of Foreign traveller record Early Period ( Till 12 Century A.D.) Sources of Medieval Period (13thto 18thA.D.) Early Period ( Till 12 Century A.D.) A) Herodotous (484 to 413 BC) Father O f History , Who Used First name India In His Book Historia , he Include the information related to lower Indus Region, He did not visited india but he used the Parshian sources

  6. Megassthenis (350 to 290) Indika Chdraguptas Maurya , Administration , Indian society , Whether Condition Crops of India Comparison Between Kautilya Arthshatra & Indika- Arthashatra Mention 4 Varna Indika mention 7 classes were exited in India Periplus of the Erythraean Sea- Unknown Author wrote this book Geography and natural history of India, town, trade routes port, Monsoon winds.

  7. Chaines Travellar Chinese traveller visit India to visite holy places related to Buddhism , to Search Manuscripts of this religion, translate this scripture in their own language . They incidentally mention the social and polity and other information in there account FA Hien (337-422) A.D.) Gives the contemporary account of the Administration of Chandragupta II of Gupata Dynasty Valuable evidence to strength and in many places to the dominance of the Buddhisism in central Asia and India Historical pilgrims traveller His record is careful and accurate and most places he visited can be identified

  8. Hiueen Tsang (602-664 A.D) Visited india in period of emperor Harsha His Book is Si-yu- ki record of western Coutries Gives information of Administration , social condition of Harsha Age Holy land of Buddha and Nalanda University I -tising ( 635- 713 A.D. ) His Qiufa Gaosean Zhuan a breef biographies of chainess budhist pilgrims Interestin and gives an impression of the numbers of pilgrims who went to India Describe Buddhist practices of India and rule of Vinaypitak

  9. Why this Chinese record are importance Religious Outlook Buddhism Information Only gave important to Buddhist religion Impartial Observation Not gives more information about society and polity , economy, brief information about political kingdom Valuable account classical Buddhism and contemporary information Useful for reconstruct the socio and economical history of early India Filling gap of other sources

  10. Arabi Travellar Account Alberuni Account Studing the cultural and civilization of the Country Learn Sanskrit and Studied its different branches of literature He was Master in Philosophy Astronomy Mathematics He record gives information of Indian society and culture Rational mind enriched by profound knowledge of his age Nothing give information about political condition His account rest on primarily on his study of Indian literature not on his personal observation Information about Hindu- Muslim relation Liberal statement regarding to Indian society

  11. Precaution to use this Travelogue Sprit of Exploration of unknown lands, Ignorant of the languages and customs of the country Record depend upon the other report and Hearsay evidence Exaggeration anything that was unfamiliar to them Unwise to put full faith in everything written in this record

  12. Modern Tourism industry and Its present Scenario in India The Indian Tourism and hospitality sector are the an important service sector in India Government of India allotted the 1250 Cr.in year 2018 started the Swadesh Darshan , Pilgrimage Rejuvenation & Spiritual Augmentation Cultural tourism is tourism concerned with a traveler's engagement with a country or region's culture , the subtheme of

  13. Emerging Industry - The Indian tourism and hospitality industry has emerged as one of the key drivers of growth among the services sector in India. Rich cultural and historical heritage In Indian rich cultural and historical heritage so government wants to commercialized these assets and attract national and foreign tourists. Government Policy Govt has allotted Rs 1,250 core in year2018 for integrated development of tourist circuits under Swadesh Darshan and Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation.

  14. Historical & Cultural background : tourism term is used for journeys that include visits to cultural resources, regardless of whether it is tangible or intangible. Specifically the historical sites, religious places, art & architecture, religious tradition, fair-festival, rural & ethnic pockets cultural tradition, urban lifestyle, food, values, customs and other elements of the people International National and State Collaboration- having the rich cultural heritage this region has Social, Religious and political diversity, cultural miscellany center. Global to Local Tourism - Tourist places of Mumbai Nagpur, Solapur , Kolhapur Pune, Satara and Nashik ,Aurangabad Tourist from various states of India and abrod government want to attrract these tourist in regional Local places Maharashtra attract the

  15. Types of Tourism Recreational Tourism - This includes people who travel to relax, and have fun. Cultural Tourism - Cultural Tourism is the subset of tourism concerned with a traveler s engagement with a country or region s culture, Religious Tourism- It is also referred as faith Tourism. It is a type of tourism where people travel individually or in a group for pilgrimage or leisure (fellowship ) purposes

  16. Types of Tourism Nature Tourism - This is referred as responsible travel to natural areas, which conserves the environment and improves the welfare of the local people Pleasure Tourism - Some people travel for their happiness and satisfaction. Medical Tourism - Medical Tourism refers to people travelling to a country other than their own to obtain medical treatment. Adventure Tourism -Adventure Tourism is a nice tourism involving exploration of a travel with a certain degree Eco tourism typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions

  17. Types of tourism Business tourism- Is a more limited and focused subset of regular tourism. During business tourism (traveling), Sustainable tourism- is the concept of visiting somewhere as a tourist and trying to make a positive impact on the environment, society, and economy. Sports tourism refers to travel which involves either observing or participating in a sporting event Agro tourism- Broadly, involves any agriculturally based operation or activity that brings visitors to a farm

  18. Types of tourism Culinary tourism or food tourism- Is the exploration of food as the purpose of tourism. Space tourism- is human space travel for recreational purposes War tourism is recreational travel to active or former war zones for purposes of sightseeing or historical study. Slum tourism-or ghetto tourism is a type of city tourism that involves visiting impoverished areas Disaster tourism- has been defined as the practice of visiting locations at which an environmental disaster

  19. Importance of the Tourism Unemployment is major issue in front of Youth . Maharashtra has great cultural legacy, potential of agricultural, environmental resources, variety of languages cheap labor availability and transport facility provide the ample opportunity development of tourism sector Proper Guidance,Planing , Skill workforce and Propaganda of tourism will be helpful for increase employability Tourism will play the an important role to overall development of State and country

  20. Importance for Society To reduce the unemployment of youth As we know as the various industry is in big crisis many labour become unemployed. Industrial shout down creating big problem in front of people hence people migrate in to metro cities. Tourism generate the employment & business opportunity in the context tourism. Acquaint tourist of local and region assets to national and international people Tourism can Provide other kind of employment possibilities available in the regional context ( Hotel , Food , Local Market Agriculture Market etc) Tourism will improve economy and living standard society. Local and regional art, Small scale industry, agriculture, other sector can get the benefit and customer from tourism

  21. Importance for Economic Development Tourism will helpful to the entrepreneur to devise accurate policy for tourism sector, It will helpful for policy makers to formulating concrete policy for the development of the local and regional tourism Tourism Industry play significant role in for new entrepreneur to develop there new start-up plan regarding to tourism industry such as cotton ,handloom, hotel transport & other sector, agro tourism, Eco tourism , medical tourism, transport and many more

  22. Challenges before tourism Industry Lack of Infrastructure Lack of Transportation Skilled Human resources Insufficient Promotion and Marketing Safety and Security Issues Government Taxation

  23. Top institutes in India for travel and tourism Centre for tourism studies Pondicherry Indian institute of hotel and tourism management , Ghaziabad Indian institute of tourism management, Amity institute of travel and tourism. National institute of tourism hospitality management. Al-Ameen institutes of management studies Banglore. Thomas Cook-Centre of learning, Dhelhi. Bharathi vidyapeeth college of hotel and tourism management, Pune.

  24. Top companies in travel and tourism sector in India Indian Railways catering and tourism corporation. State tourism boards Cox & kings Ltd. Thomas cook Ltd. Make my trip Flying Fox SOTC India East india Travel co Kesari tours Club Mahindra Travel guru Air Asia Trivago

  25. Opportunities in Tourism Industry Travel Agent Travel consultant Hotel Industry Tour Operator Event & Conference Organiser Tour Guide Insurance Agent P.R. Manager Cultural Activity Co- Ordinator Transport Officer Freelance Journalist Entrepreneur Retailer

  26. Role of Youth Skill work Force Smart Work Update Information Connection Between Local to Global Market Technology related work Commercial View Linkage to Local to global Culture Allied Industry Assistance Positive Approach

  27. Thank You!

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