Advancing Electron Beam Technology for Accelerator Applications

Focusing on electron beam generation, manipulation, and acceleration, this initiative aims to drive advancements in beam-driven wakefield acceleration and related fields. The program at AWA explores high-gradient acceleration for future colliders, collaborating on research and development projects with a special emphasis on structure and beamline capabilities. With a unique set of in-house resources and ongoing core R&D, the endeavor seeks to push the boundaries of accelerator technology and foster collaborations for future innovations.

• Electron Beam
• Accelerator Technology
• Beam-Driven Acceleration
• Research and Development
• Collaboration

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1. MISSION STATEMENT: Developing the science and technology of electron beam generation, manipulation and acceleration for beam-driven wakefield acceleration and other applications. AWA OVERVIEW - ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS (AAC) drhgfdjhngngfmhgmghmghjmghfmf JIAHANG SHAO Postdoctoral Appointee August 21-23, 2019 AWANOW Workshop Argonne, IL

2. AAC R&D AT AWA High gradient and high efficiency acceleration for future colliders and other applications TBA SWFA R&D PWFA R&D Structure High gradient physics CWA Collaborator s R&D AWA s in-house program AWA s unique capabilities

3. AWA CAPABILITIES FOR AAC TOPICS STRUCTURE R&D BEAMLINE

4. AWA CAPABILITIES STRUCTURE R&D Fabrication* Mechanical design Physics design * On-site with APS machining shop or off-site Bench test High power test Data analysis J. Shao, et al, arXiv 1907.01069 (2019)

5. AWA CAPABILITIES BEAMLINE Beamline Hardware - Drive beamline 65 MeV, bunch train, up to 600 nC - Witness beamline 15 MeV, single bunch, up to 60 nC - ACT beamline/High power test-stand - DEEX - Large chambers to host structure - Be window for moderate vacuum - Several DUT test area available - Measurement of charge, power, energy, beam shape, emittance, bunch length* - Shielding room to improve signal-to-noise ratio * After DEEX installation and commissioning Single-shot wakefield mapping Q. Gao, et al., PRAB 21, 062801 (2019)

6. AWA IN-HOUSE PROGRAM AWA s core R&D: recent AWA s core R&D: on-going/future Seeking collaboration

7. TBA CWA Structure HG physics PWFA TWO-BEAM ACCELERATION N. Neveu, et al, PRAB 22, 054602 (2019) Staging - Simplified staging demonstrated - 2 stages, 1 pair of structures per stage - Main beam energy gain of 5 MeV - TBA beamline optimization Drive beam power source Main beam acceleration - X-band metallic: 300 MW - X-band dielectric: 200 MW - K-band dielectric: 55 MW - X-band metallic: 150 MV/m - K-band dielectric: 28 MV/m C. Jing, et al, NIMA 898, 72-76 (2018) J. Shao, et al, in Proceedings of IPAC2017 J. Shao, et al, arXiv 1907.01069 (2019)

8. TBA CWA Structure HG physics PWFA TWO-BEAM ACCELERATION - 2 stages, 2 pairs of power extractor/accelerator per stage - Drive beam distribution with kicker/septum Staging Drive beam power source Main beam acceleration - 2 of 8-bunch trains, 40 nC/bunch - K-band structure: 1.25 GW - K-band dielectric disk: 250 MV/m - Main beam energy gain of 500 MeV - Main beam shaping to improve efficiency C. Jing, et al, in Proceedings of AAC2018

9. TBA CWA Structure HG physics PWFA COLLINEAR WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION = 4.9 1.5 High transformer ratio - Beam shaping by EEX - HTR ~5 achieved in 100 GHz structure Q. Gao, et al, PRL 120, 114801 (2018) High power radiation High gradient acceleration - W-band metallic structure - 5 MW, 85 MeV/m D. Wang, et al, PRL 116, 054801 (2016)

10. TBA CWA Structure HG physics PWFA COLLINEAR WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION *Vertical is arbitrarily scaled unit not MV/m 4.871 High transformer ratio - Beam shaping by DEEX - HTR ~10 -0.484 20 ps R=10.06 G. Ha, et al, in Proceedings of AAC2018 High power radiation High gradient acceleration - THz generation - GV/m gradient

11. TBA CWA Structure HG physics PWFA STRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT High power extractor - X-band metallic: 500 MW - K-band dielectric: 1 GW - Novel structures J. Shao, et al, arXiv 1907.01069 (2019) M. Peng, et al, in Proceedings of IPAC2019 High gradient accelerator HOM damping - X-band DDA: 100 MV/m - K-band DDA: 250 MV/m - THz DLA: GV/m - Novel structures Beam loading compensation rf components

12. TBA CWA Structure HG physics PWFA HIGH GRADIENT PHYSICS Field emission Field emission - Stored energy dependence - In-situ field emission imaging - In-situ BD location observation J. Shao, et al, PRL 115, 264802 (2015) J. Shao, et al, PRL 117, 084801 (2016) rf breakdown - X-band metallic: >250 MV/m - X-band dielectric: >100 MV/m M. Peng, Wed 18:00-18:20 Multipacting

13. TBA CWA Structure HG physics PWFA PLASMA WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION High transformer ratio - Beam shaping by EEX - HTR ~8 achieved R. Roussel, Thur 10:00-10:20 +2.5 = 7.8 1.7 R. Roussel, et al., in preparation

14. TBA CWA Structure HG physics PWFA PLASMA WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION High transformer ratio G. Andonian, Thur 09:40:10:00 - Three-year research with UCLA just funded!

15. COLLABORATOR R&D

16. ENABLED RESEARCH RADIATION GENERATION - Reversed-Cherenkov radiation from metamaterial structure - Transition edge-wave radiation in photonic topological crystals X. Lu, et al., PRL 122, 024801 (2019) R. Temkin, Wed 16:15-16:35 Y. Yu, et al., PRL 123, 057402 (2019)

17. ENABLED RESEARCH STUDY WITH MODERATE VACUUM - Photonic band-gap structure characterization - Capillary Trojan Horse acceleration G. Andonian, Wed 17:15-17:35 E. Simakov, et al., PRL 116, 064801 (2016) - 35 MV/m gradient J. Upadhyay, et al., in preparation

18. ENABLED RESEARCH FUNDAMENTAL FE/BD STUDY UNDER HIGH GRADIENT - Field emission/rf breakdown study using SS cathode BD observation FE observation Before After J. Shao, et al., in preparation

19. Previous | On-going & Future AAC R&D AT AWA *This is not an exhaustive list R&D by AWA R&D by collaborators R&D by AWA R&D by collaborators 1. TBA/staging with X-band all-metallic structures A. Kanareykin, Wed 14:15-14:35 1. CLIC chock-mode structure (CERN, THU) 1. W-band two halves structure (D. Wang, THU) S. Siy, Wed 14:55-15:15 1. Photonic band-gap structure (LANL) A. Zholents, Wed 14:35-15:00 2. TBA with K-band all- dielectric structures 2. Photonic topological insulator (Cornell) 2. Corrugated waveguide structure (ANL-APS) C. Jing, Wed 15:40-16:00 2. High transformer ratio with dielectric slab structure (Q. Gao, THU) 3. TBA with X-band high gradient all-dielectric structures 3. CLIC dielectric structures (CERN) 3. Capillary Trojan Horse (Radiobeam/UCLA) 3. Transformer ratio vs. gradient in slab structures CWA 4. Beam dynamics optimization for staging (N. Neveu, IIT) TBA 5. Study of Argonne Flexible Linear Collider R&D by AWA R&D by collaborators 6. 500 MeV high gradient high efficiency demonstrator 1. Dielectric-loaded structure S. Antipov, Wed 14:55-15:15 Y. Wei, Wed 17:40-18:00 1. Photonic band-gap structure (LANL) 2. Dielectric-disk structure 2. Metalmaterial structure (MIT) R&D by AWA R&D by collaborators 3. Metallic disk-loaded structure Structure 1. Field emission dependence on stored energy R. Temkin, Thur 09:20-09:40 1. Field emission vs. breakdown (SJTU) 4. Other novel structures 2. Field emission imaging 3. Multipacting suppression by magnetic field High gradient physics R&D by AWA R&D by collaborators 4. Short-pulse breakdown test (M. Peng, THU) 1. High transformer ratio demonstration (R. Roussel, UCLA) 1. Plasma lenses (UCLA) PWFA 5. GV/m breakdown test S. Shchelkunov, Wed 16:40-17:00

20. SUMMARY AWA is a flexible, unique, and state-of-the-art test-bed for AAC R&D AAC R&D at AWA is guided by the SWFA roadmap. Solid progress has been made recently and more exciting studies are upcoming (500 MeV demonstrator; GW power generation; ~10 TR; ~270 MV/m BD test) Collaborator program: strong support from the AWA group, mutual scientific benefits AWA is open for more collaborators! High gradient physics Structure TBA CWA PWFA

21. THANKS!