Understanding Modal Verbs in Grammar - Mega Goals 6 Unit 1 Everyone Makes Mistakes
Modal verbs play a crucial role in expressing abilities, possibilities, and obligations in English grammar. This lesson from Mega Goals 6 Unit 1 covers modal verbs, passive voice, and past models, offering a comprehensive overview through various activities and examples.
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Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes Unit 1: Everyone Makes Mistakes Part 2: Grammar and Conversation Student Book Page: 4, 5 & 6 Work Book Page: 2, 3 & 4 Activity: C, D, E, F, G & H Grammar and Conversation Plan and Strategy
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes Modals in Grammar Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used to express abilities, possibilities, permissions, and obligations. They describe situations when we are imagining that the past was different. Should have, could have, and would have are sometimes called modals of lost opportunity . Types: 1. Base verbs 2. Auxiliary verbs 3. Modal verbs 4. Phrasal verbs Modals in the have may have/mi ght have must have could Past was/were supposed to should have Grammar and Conversation General Concept
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes base verb ____ past _____ past participle = go ___ went ___ gone S+ may have/might have + past participle + O. S+ could have + past participle + O. S+ must have + past participle + O. S+ should have + past participle + O. S+ was / were supposed to + base verb + O. Grammar and Conversation Student Book, Page 4
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes Grammar and Conversation Review from Page 2 & 3
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes Passive Voice Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action. Example: Someone stole my pen. (Active) My pen was stolen. (Passive) In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it. Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows: Example: Someone made a mistake. (Active) A mistake was made. (Passive) In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.). Grammar and Conversation Student Book, Page 4
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes Grammar and Conversation Student Book, Page 4
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes B. Complete each sentence with a model in the past. For some items, more than one model may be possible. I should have worn a suit to the interview. I don t think my clothes were formal enough. 1. It s too bad we didn t know you were there. We____________________ met up. 2. She _______________study biology in school, but she ended up studying medicine instead. 3. Farah _________________________ gone to Dubai this summer, but she decided to stay home instead. 4. He _________________________ have said that. I think they must have misunderstood him. 5. It was such a beautiful day today. We __________________ gone to the beach. 6. I m not sure what we did with the bottles. We __________________ put them in the recycling bin. 7. The product ______________________ been a big success, but instead it was a flop. 8. You were right there when the accident happened. You ___________________________ seen everything. 9. Who knows what __________________________ happened if the other candidate had won the election. 10. You look refreshed and well-rested. You __________________________ slept well. Grammar and Conversation Student Book, Page 5
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes B. Complete each sentence with a model in the past. For some items, more than one model may be possible. I should have worn a suit to the interview. I don t think my clothes were formal enough. 1. It s too bad we didn t know you were there. We____________________ met up. 2. She_______________study biology in school, but she ended up studying medicine instead. 3. Farah _________ gone to Dubai this summer, but she decided to stay home instead. 4. He ________ have said that. I think they must have misunderstood him. 5. It was such a beautiful day today. We __________________ gone to the beach. 6. I m not sure what we did with the bottles. We __________________ put them in the recycling bin. 7. The product ___________ been a big success, but instead it was a flop. 8. You were right there when the accident happened. You ___________________ seen everything. 9. Who knows what ___________________ happened if the other candidate had won the election. 10. You look refreshed and well-rested. You ________ slept well. could have / might have was supposed to could have couldn t should have/could have might have/may have should have must have/should have might have/could have must have Grammar and Conversation Student Book, Page 5
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes C. Rewrite each sentence as a passive sentence. The coach should have chosen for the football team. Abdullah should have been chosen for the football team. 1. Someone must have dropped these keys at the meeting. 2. . The Mayans may have drunk hot chocolate as far back as 2,600 years ago. 3. A professional photographer must have taken this picture. 4. A computer error may have caused the accident. 5. The police officer could have arrested him for speeding, but he let him go with a warning. 6. The registrar should have given you a course catalog on the first day of school. 7. A squirrel or a rabbit might have eaten the vegetables in our garden. 8. The mechanic was supposed to have fixed our car by now, but it s still broken. Grammar and Conversation Student Book, Page 5
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes C. Rewrite each sentence as a passive sentence. The coach should have chosen for the football team. Abdullah should have been chosen for the football team. 1. Someone must have dropped these keys at the meeting. Ans. These keys must have been dropped at the meeting. 2. The Mayans may have drunk hot chocolate as far back as 2,600 years ago. Ans. Hot chocolate might have been drunk by the Mayans as far back as 2,600 years ago. 3. A professional photographer must have taken this picture. Ans. This picture must have been taken by a professional photographer. 4. A computer error may have caused the accident. Ans. The accident might have been caused by a computer error. 5. The police officer could have arrested him for speeding, but he let him go with a warning. Ans. He could have been arrested for speeding, but was let go with a warning. 6. The registrar should have given you a course catalog on the first day of school. Ans. You should have been given a course catalog on the first day of school. 7. A squirrel or a rabbit might have eaten the vegetables in our garden. Ans. The vegetables in our garden might have been eaten by a squirrel or a rabbit. 8. The mechanic was supposed to have fixed our car by now, but it s still broken. Ans. Our car was supposed to have been fixed by now, but it s still broken. Grammar and Conversation Student Book, Page 5
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes D. Look at the photos. Write at least three sentences about each photo using modals in the past and passive modals in the past. He must have been caught in the rain. He should have brought an umbrella. He could have stayed dry if he had an umbrella. He may have caught a cold. Grammar and Conversation Student Book, Page 5
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes He must not have been expecting the good news. It might have been a surprise to him. The good news may have been given to him by his parents. He must have just missed his train. He might have had a job interview. He should have gotten to the station earlier. Grammar and Conversation Student Book, Page 5
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes He must have been late. He shouldn t have driven through the center. He may have got to work on time if he d avoided the traffic. The cup must have been made of china. Somebody might have dropped it accidentally. It may have fallen out of a cabinet. Grammar and Conversation Student Book, Page 5
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes Grammar and Conversation Work Book, Page 2
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes supposed to go shouldn t have gone might have eaten may have been should have told might have got was Grammar and Conversation Work Book, Page 2
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes Grammar and Conversation Work Book, Page 3
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes come been have have have been been have Grammar and Conversation Work Book, Page 3
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes Grammar and Conversation Work Book, Page 4
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes 1. My keyboard is not working. Someone must have dropped a tea on the keyboard. 2. He might have broken his leg. He is trying to walk with his fractured leg. 3. We met an accident. The driver should have kept a proper distance from the other car. 4. We could have won the match but our team was not united. 5. He must have missed the bus for office. 6. the toasts are completely burnt. She should not have put them in the toaster for a longer time. Grammar and Conversation Work Book, Page 4
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes Grammar and Conversation Student Book, Page 4
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes About the Conversation Why is Hamda apologizing? Ans: She forgot her friend Fatima s graduation day. What is Hamda s excuse? Ans: It must have just slipped from her mind because she was studying for finals. What is Fatima s response to Hamda s apologies? Ans: Don t worry about it. It s no big deal. Grammar and Conversation Student Book, Page 4
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes Your Turn Role-play with a partner. Choose a situation in which one person apologizes to another. Use phrases for apologizing and responding to an apology. Grammar and Conversation Student Book, Page 4
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes slipped my mind no big deal flake don t sweat it making too much of it Grammar and Conversation Work Book, Page 4
Mega Goals 6 Unit1:Everyone Makes Mistakes Grammar and Conversation Summary
