An Overview of Ezra, Nehemiah, and the Persian Kings in 5777/2017 ELS
Explore the historical timeline of Ezra, Nehemiah, and the Persian Kings, covering events such as the destruction of the First Temple, the political struggles, the building of the Temple and walls in Jerusalem, and various challenges faced by the Jewish community during that period. Learn about the significance of staying or returning, political resistance, safety, religious observance, and more through the lens of scriptures and historical accounts.
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An Overview Pardes ELS 5777/2017 Ezra & Ezra & Nehemia Nehemia
The Persian Kings The Persian Kings - - - . -- . NAME Date B.C. - Cyrus 539-530 Ezra 4:5 They bribed ministers in order to thwart their plans all the years of King Cyrus of Persia and until the reign of King Darius of Persia. 6And in the reign of Ahasuerus, at the start of his reign, they drew up an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. 7And in the time of Artaxerxes Cambysses 530-521 Darius 521-486 Xerxes 486-465 Artaxerxes I 464-423
Destruction of First Temple 586 BCE Ch.1 Cyrus Declaration Sheshbazar (1:11) 538 BCE Ch.2 Jews Return. 537 BCE Ch.3 Temple Foundation Stone Joshua (High Priest) / 536 BCE Zerubavel (3:2) Ch.6 v.15 Temple Built Completed 3 Adar, 6 Year of Darius Haggai/Zecharia 520-515 BCE Ch.7 Ezra s Aliya . 7th Year of Artexerxes (7:8) Ezra 457 BCE Nehemia Nehemia s appointment as Governor - Ch.1-2 20th year of Artexerxes (2:1) Nehemia 444 BCE Until the 32nd year (5:14, 13:6) And one further visit (13:6)
Ezra 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 List of Setting the Ezra hears Cyrus The Political Struggle to build Ezra s Royal Ezra s Ezra s rally Returnees about Inter against Declaration the Temple (against the enemies Appointment Aliyah. Temple s 42,300 10,000 Intermarriage Foundation - marriage of Judah and Benjamin ) From Cyrus to Darius people (in the rain) Stone Nehemia 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nehemia Recap of Rosh The signing of the Treaty Building the walls of Jerusalem. Nehemiah s hears about Royal Ch.3 The builders and the route of the wall Hashanna Ch.9 Prayer / Communal Ezra s Jerusalem. commission Ch.4 Military threats, and defence genealogical gathering Confession Nehemiah s Arrives in Ch.5 Freeing Jewish slaves register / Sukkot 10:1-29 Names of signees prayer Jerusalem Ch.6 Assassination attempt on Nehemia. 10:30-40 Commitments 6:15 - Wall completed in only 52 days! 11 12 13 1-24 List of those who 1-26 List of Priests, Nehemiah s visit 1. Purification of Temple 2. Tithes 3. Intermarriage 4. Shabbat settled in Jerusalem Levites and Gatekeepers 25-36 Villages in Judah 27-43 Dedication of The Wall
Five Challenges Challenge 1 To Stay or To Return Challenge 2 If you build it (Haggai, Zecharia) Challenge 3 Political Resistance (From building the Temple, to Rebuilding the Walls) Challenge 4 Safety and Dignity (Walls) Challenge 5 Religious Observance and Jewish Law Intermarriage Temple Shabbat
Challenge 1 To Stay or to Go -- - - , , - , . , ; , - . , Jeremiah ch.29 This is the text of the letter which the prophet Jeremiah sent from Jerusalem to the priests, the prophets, the rest of the elders of the exile community, and to all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had exiled from Jerusalem to Babylon 5Build houses and live in them, plant gardens and eat their fruit. 6Take wives and beget sons and daughters; and take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to husbands, that they may bear sons and daughters. Multiply there, do not decrease. 7And seek the welfare of the city to which I have exiled you and pray to the Lord in its behalf; for in its prosperity you shall prosper. 10For thus said the Lord: When Babylon s seventy years are over, I will take note of you, and I will fulfill to you My promise of favor to bring you back to this place. 11For I am mindful of the plans I have made concerning you declares the Lord plans for your welfare, not for disaster, to give you a hopeful future. - , , - - , - , - : , , , . .. . - - ; , - ; . , - , , , , - , , -- - -
Psalms 137 By the rivers of Babylon, - , : - , -- , there we sat, sat and wept, as we thought of Zion. . 2There on the poplars we hung up our lyres, . , - 3for our captors asked us there for songs, our tormentors, for amusement: Sing us one of the : - , songs of Zion. . , 4How can we sing a song of the Lord on alien soil? . , : - - -- 5If I forget you, O Jerusalem, let my right hand wither; 6let my tongue stick to my palate if I cease to . - think of you, : - , - if I do not keep Jerusalem in memory even at my . , - , - happiest hour.
Challenge 2. If you build it Ezra 4:1-7, 24; 5:1-2; 6:15 When the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the returned exiles were building a temple to the Lord God of Israel, 2they approached Zerubbabel and the chiefs of the clans and said to them, Let us build with you, since we too worship your God, having offered sacrifices to Him since the time of King Esarhaddon of Assyria, who brought us here. 3Zerubbabel, Jeshua, and the rest of the chiefs of the clans of Israel answered them, It is not for you and us to build a House to our God, but we alone will build it to the Lord God of Israel, in accord with the charge that the king, King Cyrus of Persia, laid upon us. 4Thereupon the people of the land undermined the resolve of the people of Judah, and made them afraid to build.
Challenge 2. If you build it Ezra 4:1-7, 24; 5:1-2; 6:15 5They bribed ministers in order to thwart their plans all the years of King Cyrus of Persia and until the reign of King Darius of Persia. 6And in the reign of Ahasuerus, at the start of his reign, they drew up an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. 7And in the time of Artaxerxes, Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their colleagues wrote to King Artaxerxes of Persia, a letter written in Aramaic and translated. 24At that time, work on the House of God in Jerusalem stopped and remained in abeyance until the second year of the reign of King Darius of Persia. 5:1-2 Then the prophets, Haggai the prophet and Zechariah son of Iddo, prophesied to the Jews in Judah and Jerusalem, inspired by the God of Israel. 2Thereupon Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and Jeshua son of Jozadak began rebuilding the House of God in Jerusalem, with the full support of the prophets of God. 15The house was finished on the third of the month of Adar in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius.
The Perspective from Haggai ) In the second year of King Darius, on the first day of the sixth month, this word of the Lord came through the prophet Haggai to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, : the governor of Judah, and to Joshua son of ) ( Jehozadak, the high priest: : 2Thus said the Lord of Hosts: These people say, The : ( ) time has not yet come for rebuilding the House of the ( ) Lord. : 3And the word of the Lord through the prophet : ) ( Haggai continued: 4Is it a time for you to dwell in your paneled houses, while this House is lying in ruins?
Haggai again : : ) ( ( ( ) ) : : : ( ( ( ) ) ) : 10On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth [month], in the second year of Darius, the word of the Lord came to the prophet Haggai: 11Thus said the Lord of Hosts: Seek a ruling from the priests, as follows: 12If a man is carrying sacrificial flesh in a fold of his garment, and with that fold touches bread, stew, wine, oil, or any other food, will the latter become holy? In reply, the priests said, No. 13Haggai went on, If someone defiled by a corpse touches any of these, will it be defiled? And the priests responded, Yes. 14Thereupon Haggai said: That is how this people and that is how this nation looks to Me declares the Lord and so, too, the work of their hands 15And now put your hearts (take thought), from this day backward: Just before a stone had been laid on another in the House of the Lord
Political Troubles and Other Sects Understanding the Samaritans Who came from Babylon?
Mishna Kiddushin 4:1 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , . : , , . Ten [familial] statuses rose[came up] from Babylonia [to Israel]: Kohanim, Levites, Israelites, chalalim, proselytes, freed slaves, mamzerim [the offspring of certain prohibited relationships who may not marry into the general Jewish population], netinim [Gibeonites], shetukim and asufim. Kohanim, Levites and Israelites are permitted to [marry] with one another. Levites, Israelites, chalalim, proselytes, and are permitted to marry one another. Proselytes, freed slaves, mamzerim, netinim, shetukim and asufim are permitted to marry one another.
Kiddushin 4:2 , . , , . : And which are the shetukim? Anyone who knows [who] his mother [is], but does not know [who] his father [is]. And which are the asufim? Anyone who was gathered in from the market, and does not know [who] either his father or his mother [is]. Abba Shaul would call the shetukei, "investigated ones."
