Co-created Messages & Trusted Messengers for COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Northern Nigeria
Dr. Chizoba Wonodi is evaluating the use of co-created messages and trusted messengers to improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Northern Nigeria. Vaccine hesitancy due to conspiracy theories and safety concerns remains a challenge. TM-COVAC study aims to design targeted messages using human-centered approaches to increase vaccine uptake among hesitant individuals. Baseline survey results show a high vaccination rate among healthcare workers but significant hesitancy among unvaccinated adults. Effective communication strategies are crucial for boosting vaccine coverage in Nigeria.
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Evaluating the use of co-created messages and trusted messengers to improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Northern Nigeria Dr. Chizoba Wonodi Associate Scientist, Johns Hopkins University International Vaccine Access Centre (IVAC) National Convener, Women Advocates for Vaccine Access (WAVA) Advisor, Targeted Messaging for COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance (TM-COVAC), Funded by Sabin Vaccine Institute
Reasons for hesitancy were conspiracy theories around the virus, the pandemic response, and the COVID-19 vaccine. Concerns about COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness The Problem also fuel Although COVID-19 vaccines are now in adequate Problemstatement hesitancy, and VH was higher in North Central and South-East regions1. Situationoverview supply, Nigeria, like the rest of Africa continues to report low COVID-19 vaccine coverage. Less than 20% of the population have been fully vaccinated in Nigeria, in contrast to 67% in the US Vaccine hesitancy (VH) rates are high among adults and health care workers (HCWs) in Nigeria The communication efforts to promote vaccine uptake. However, most of these efforts are centralized, producing modest effect on vaccine uptake. GoN through the NHPCDA is driving There is a need for effective approaches to inform and influence communities to increase their demand for, and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. Having messages that respond to community concerns, holds promise for achieving the behavioral shifts that are needed to raise COVID-19 vaccine coverage in Nigeria trusted messengers deliver targeted 1WonodiC,Obi-JeffC,Adewumi F,Keluo-UdekeSC,Gur-ArieR,KrubinerC,JaffeEF,BamiduroT, KarronR,Faden F.ConspiracytheoriesandmisinformationaboutCOVID-19 inNigeria: implications for vaccinedemandgenerationcommunications.Vaccine. 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.005 12
TM-COVAC: is a before-and-afterstudythataimsto use the human-centered design (HCD) approaches to co-design and co-disseminate targeted messages to improve theCOVID-19 vaccine uptake amonghesitantHCWsand adults.Thestudyis set in all 10 wards in Gwagwalada Area councilof FCT, Nigeria. March April2022 May June2022 April 2022 July-October 2022 Nov- Dec2022 FGDwithHCWs inprimaryhealthfacility (ruralarea),March 21,2022 Mixed-methods.Measurementsgroundonthebehavioraland social drivers(BeSD)framework Householdsurveysof1,515 eligible adults 18years andabove usinga two-stagesamplingapproach Surveyof139HCWsselected convenience sampling Qualitative interviewswith74 purposively selectedHCWs,eligible adults,communityleaders andprogram managersat alllevels.KII(1), FGDs(8), and IDIs (13) Frameworkanalysis approach forqualitativeinterviewsand descriptive,bivariate and multivariate analysis of surveyusingR analysis software 13
Baseline survey results Overallvaccination ratewashigher in HCWscompared totheadults, however,among the unvaccinated HCWs andadults, vaccine hesitancy (VH)ratewassimilar at34% 83% (N=115) 56% (849) 44% (N=666) 34% VH rate amongunvaccinated adults 17% (N=24) 34% VH rate amongunvaccinated HCWs Of the 24 unvaccinatedHCWs,34% were hesitantor unsure(VH). Overall hesitancy/undecided rateamong sampleof HCW was 5% Of the 849 unvaccinatedadults,34% were hesitantorunsure(VH). Overall hesitancy/undecidedrate amongadult sample was ~19%14
Baseline surveyresults COVID vaccination rate(%) among HCWsby keydemographic characteristics COVID vaccination rate(%)among adults bykeydemographic characteristics Majorreasonsforvaccinehesitancywere: practicalissues- lackofknowledgeonwheretogetvaccinated(49%), vaccinenotofferedyet(44%),vaccineunavailability(31%),inabilityto accessvaccines(27%),farvaccinationsite(14%); Thoughtsand feeling issues- concernsaboutCOVID-19vaccinesafety (31%), sideeffects(29%),andefficacy(28%);and Socialprocessesissues- distrustingovernment(11%). Majorreasons were concernsaboutthe vaccine s safety (31%) andside effects (28%), andother. 15 Multiple responseswereallowed
Baseline qualitativeresults Qualitativeinterview findings Mostcited socio-behavioral driversofCOVID-19vaccinehesitancyfromthequalitative interviews 6
KeyLearnings Involving trusted community members and vaccine hesitant eligible adults was feasible in developing a repository of evidence-based targeted communication strategies to hesitancy messages COVID-19 and address vaccine Leveraging existing community structures and platforms to co-develop and co-disseminate targeted messages is essential forsustainability A community members in diagnosing and solving their issues themselves is highly encouraged, and engenders community participationandownership bottom-up approach and involvement of trusted Involving program managers in the HCD process also built their skills on how to use an HCD approach to design context- specific solutions to improve interventions including vaccinations community acceptance of Recruiting vaccine hesitant HCWs was challenging due to fear of losing theirjobs and stigmatization. HCDco-creationsessionand messagetestingwithtrusted COVID-19vaccinemessengers,May 25,2022 7
A project by WAVA in collaboration with Direct Consulting and Logistics (DCL) Nigeria We are gratefulfor the funding support from the Sabin Vaccine Institute THANK YOU
