Implementing Informix Encryption at Rest

Discover how to implement Encryption At Rest (EAR) in Informix, providing disk-level encryption for dbspaces within your instance. Learn about use cases, setting up EAR for new and existing instances, preparing the environment, and configuring disk encryption options like keystore and stash file names. Gain insights from Jeff Filippi, a seasoned professional with extensive experience in Informix products and database administration.

• Informix
• Encryption at Rest
• EAR
• Database Administration
• Data Security

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1. Implementing Informix Encryption at Rest A13 September 25 11:30am Jeff Filippi Integrated Data Consulting, LLC jeff.filippi@itdataconsulting.com

2. Introduction 29 years of working with Informix products 25 years as an Informix DBA Worked for Informix for 5 years 1996 2001 Certified Informix DBA Started my own company in 2001 specializing in Informix Database Administration consulting IBM Business Partner OLTP and Data warehouse systems Informix 4 thru 14.10

3. EAR What is EAR What is Encryption At Rest (EAR) It was introduced in Informix 12.10xC8. It provides disk level encryption for dbspaces in your informix instance. The encryption is done during the disk I/O operations.

4. EAR Use Cases What are the cases to use Encryption At Rest (EAR) EAR is useful in IOT environments where the Informix instances are outside your local environments where the devices can be lost or stolen. EAR is also useful in Cloud environments, ex. AWS, IBM Cloud. Looking to encrypt dbspaces in your environment.

5. EAR Setting up How to Setup EAR If you have a new instance you are creating, you can encrypt your dbspaces when you initialize the Informix instance. Now in most cases you already have an existing instance that you will want to encrypt. For an existing instance there are more steps to be done. When you enable EAR on an existing instance, new dbspaces will be encrypted, but existing ones are not. The only way to get existing instances to be encrypted is to perform a restore using ontape/onbar using the -encrypt option.

6. EAR Preparing Preparing the Environment There is a new ONCONFIG parameter named DISK_ENCRYPTION . NOTE: it is not included in the default ONCONFIG file since this feature can cause more issues by accidentally turning it on. If you did this and wanted to turn it off, you only option would be to do an Informix restore.

7. EAR Preparing DISK_ENCRYPTION - options keystore keystore and stash file names. The files are created in the $INFORMIXDIR/etc directory. Keystore.p12 = The keystore file that contains the security certificates. Keystore.sth = The stash file that contains the encryption password. (The keystore specifies the name of the NOTE: you must manually backup the keystore and password stash files. These files are not backed up when you run an ontape or onbar backup.

8. EAR Preparing DISK_ENCRYPTION - options cipher (Specifies the encryption cipher) aes128 = Default. Advanced Encryption Standard cipher with 128- bit keys. aes192 = Advanced Encryption Standard cipher with 192-bit keys. aes256 = Advanced Encryption Standard cipher with 256-bit keys.

9. EAR - Preparing DISK_ENCRYPTION - options rollfwd_create_dbs (Specifies whether to encrypt a storage space that is created by the rolling forward of the logical log during a restore) Encrypt = Encrypt the newly create storage space. Decrypt = Do not encrypt the newly created storage space. NOTE: By default the storage spaces that are created by the rolling forward of the logical logs have the same encryption state as the original storage space.

10. EAR Initializing EAR Turning EAR on So now that we have the ONCONFIG setup for EAR and we restart Informix, here are some of the messages you will see. To verify the EAR is on, run oncheck pr . There are now the keystore files that are stored in the $INFORMIXDIR/etc directory. DEMO

11. EAR Adding Encrypted Dbspaces Add dbspaces So now that EAR is enabled, lets create a new dbspace and show that it is encrypted. DEMO

12. EAR Encrypt ALL Dbspaces Encrypt ALL Dbspaces As was discussed before, in order to encrypt all dbspaces you either have to create the instance from scratch or for an existing instance you need to perform an Informix restore with the -encrypt flag. ontape r -encrypt DEMO

13. EAR Some Questions You May Have Here are some questions you may have about EAR Does the keystore files .sth and .p12 change and if so when, ex. After an Informix backup, chunk added, etc? No, the keystore files can only be re-generated if you restore the dbspaces from an archive. When an Informix level 0 backup is taken, do the keystore files change? No, only at restore the keystore files are re-generated. You can also change them manually using the following command: Changing the master key for the keystore https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSGU8G_12.1.0/com.i bm.sec.doc/ids_sec_030.htm

14. EAR Some Questions You May Have Here are some questions you may have about EAR If I want to restore and Informix ontape file to an instance on another server and use the encrypt option to do the restore, are there any issues with this? No, there is no issue with this, you will only have two separate instances of a server, where one is encrypted. The encrypt option only occurs on the restore, correct? Yes, the encrypt option is on restore only.

15. EAR Some Questions You May Have Here are some questions you may have about EAR If you have HDR or RSS, when you run the restore to the other instance, do both need to be encrypted or not encrypted? Encryption is a local feature to each server, it does not impact replication.

16. EAR Issue I ran into Here was an issue I ran into when trying to restore using the encrypt option. Received the error: ICC library load failed After searching around, we reinstalled the gskit on the server and then the restore with encryption worked. $INFORMIXDIR/gskit/installgskit

17. References Shawn Moe s Blog https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/smoe/entry/Encry ption_at_Rest_feature_in_12_10_xC8_supports_encryption_of_your_Info rmix_server_storage?lang=en 2017 Roadshow Carlton Doe Informix 12.10 Information Center https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSGU8G_12.1.0/com.ibm .adref.doc/ids_adr_1199.htm

18. Jeff Filippi Integrated Data Consulting, LLC jeff.filippi@itdataconsulting.com www.itdataconsulting.com