Importance of Vitamins and Minerals in Health
Vitamins are essential organic substances that play key roles in the body, working with enzymes to facilitate chemical reactions. Deficiencies in vitamins can lead to diseases like beriberi and pellagra. Vitamin precursors, such as beta carotene, can be converted into vitamins within the body. Vitamins are categorized into water-soluble (B-complex, vitamin C) and fat-soluble (vitamin A, D, E, K). Minerals, inorganic elements, also support bodily functions and often collaborate with vitamins. Major minerals like calcium and potassium are needed in larger amounts, while trace minerals such as iron and zinc are required in smaller quantities.
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VITAMINS Definition Definition - Complex organic substances vital for life. Function Function Combines with enzymes to help chemical reactions take place. Megadoses Megadoses excessively large amounts of vitamins
VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES Deficiency Disease Deficiency Disease a disease caused by a lack of a specific nutrient Beriberi Beriberi a disease of the nervous system that causes partial paralysis, weakness, mental confusion, and death. Caused by lack of vitamin B1, or thiamine. Osteomalacia Osteomalacia Adult Rickets (lack of vitamin D) Pellagra Pellagra a disease that causes skin eruption, digestive and nervous disturbances, and eventual mental decline
VITAMIN PRECURSOR Precursor Precursor is a compound that can be changed into a vitamin in the body. Vitamin precursors are also called pro-vitamins. . Beta carotene, Beta carotene, is an orange plant pigment that can be changed into vitamin A in the intestines and liver.
TWO CATEGORIES OF VITAMINS W A T E R S O L U B L E W A T E R S O L U B L E - - D I S S O L V E I N W A T E R D I S S O L V E I N W A T E R Thiamin, (vitamin B1) Riboflavin, (vitamin B2) Niacin Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 Folacin Pantothenic acid Biotin Vitamin C F A T S O L U B L E F A T S O L U B L E - - D I S S O L V E I N L I P I D S I N L I P I D S D I S S O L V E Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K http://allnaturalvitamins.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Vitamins.jpg
MINERALS Definition Definition inorganic elements needed by the body. Function Function help chemical reactions in the body. Often working as a team with vitamins. For example, vitamin C boosts iron absorption, and zinc helps the liver release vitamin A.
TWO CLASSES OF MINERALS M A J O R M I N E R A L S M A J O R M I N E R A L S - N E E D E D I N A M O U N T S O F 0 . 1 G O R M O R E D A I L Y . Sodium Potassium Calcium Phosphorus Chloride Sulfur Magnesium T R A C E M I N E R A L S T R A C E M I N E R A L S - - B O D Y N E E D S 0 . 0 1 G O R L E S S Iron Iodine Zinc Copper Manganese Fluoride Chromium Selenium Molybdenum
PHYTOCHEMICALS IN F0ODS Phytochemicals Phytochemicals - - Compounds that come from plant sources and may help improve health and reduce the risk of some diseases. Food Sources Food Sources Phytochemical Phytochemical Possible Link Possible Link to Health to Health Garlic, onions, leeks, chives Allyl sulfides May trigger enzyme production to help eliminate carcinogens (cancer causers) Fruits, and vegetables with deep pigments, such as carrots, pumpkin and spinach Carotenoids such as beta carotene and lycopene Antioxidants; may reduce cancer risks Grapes Ellagic acid May reduce risk of heart disease Broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and other cruciferous vegetables Indoles Sulforaphane May reduce risk of breast cancer May play a role in cancer prevention Soy and legumes Isoflavones May reduce risk of some cancers May lower cholesterol Flaxseed Lignans May reduce risk of breast and ovarian cancers
