Wales in a global context: enhancing learners’ skills
World of bacteria through the lens of mathematics and science. This educational material delves into the characteristics, importance, and impact of bacteria on the environment and human health. From their small single-celled structures to their role in ecosystems, learn about the significance of bacteria in our daily lives. Engage in questions that test domain-specific knowledge and inference skills related to bacteriology, offering insights into their size, behavior, and potential implications on human health. Enhance your understanding of bacterial growth, generation times, and the varying nature of different bacterial species.
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Wales in a global context: enhancing learners skills Mathematical literacy: Bacteria
Bacteria: Introduction This question is from the domains of science and mathematics and tests both domain-specific knowledge and inference skills. Prior skills and knowledge Mathematics Converting metric units Use of spreadsheets to tabulate and sort data Understanding and calculation of the median value Converting units of time Interpreting graphs Knowledge and understanding of geometric growth with a focus on exponential growth from powers of two The question is suitable for Key Stage 4 learners in both a formative and summative manner. Some prior knowledge is assumed, which is detailed in the panel on the right-hand side of this page. Answers and commentary is given in the notes section of this presentation. Estimated level: ***
Bacteria Bacteria: Question 1 Bacteriology is a branch or discipline of science that studies different characteristics of bacteria and their association with other organisms or disciplines. 1 Bacteria are small single-celled organisms. Bacteria are found almost everywhere on Earth and are vital to the planet s ecosystems. Some species can live under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. The human body is full of bacteria, and in fact is estimated to contain more bacterial cells than human cells. Most bacteria in the body are harmless, and some are even helpful. A relatively small number of species cause disease. Refer to Bacteria on the right. 5 Read lines 1 8 and select the most appropriate answer to complete the following sentence. Bacteria are Bacteria: Escherichia coli (E. coli) E. coli in water Human or animal faeces infected with E. coli sometimes get into lakes, pools and water supplies. People can become infected when a contaminated city water supply has not been properly treated with chlorine or when people accidentally swallow contaminated water while swimming in a lake, pool or irrigation canal. 10 Select one answer from the list below. Beneficial to the environment Always useful to the human body Bacteria: data Bacteria are, in general, one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells. On average, the size of bacteria ranges from 0.5 to 5 m. However, they can be as tiny as 0.3 m and as large as 0.7mm. The limit of resolution with the unaided eye is about 200 microns, and as many bacteria are smaller than this size, they are not visible with naked eyes. 15 Always causing disease Only exist at a given temperature 20 The generation time is the time between the same points of the life cycle in two successive generations. The generation time is also called the doubling time and is defined as the time it takes for the population to double through one round of binary fission. Bacterial doubling times vary enormously. Whereas Escherichia coli (E. coli) can double in as little as 20 minutes under optimal growth conditions in the laboratory, bacteria of the same species may need several days to double in especially harsh environments. 25
Bacteria Bacteria: Question 2 Bacteriology is a branch or discipline of science that studies different characteristics of bacteria and their association with other organisms or disciplines. 1 Bacteria are small single-celled organisms. Bacteria are found almost everywhere on Earth and are vital to the planet s ecosystems. Some species can live under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. The human body is full of bacteria, and in fact is estimated to contain more bacterial cells than human cells. Most bacteria in the body are harmless, and some are even helpful. A relatively small number of species cause disease. Refer to Bacteria on the right. 5 Read lines 11 14 to answer the following questions. Find and copy two reasons for people getting infected with E. coli inwater. Bacteria: Escherichia coli (E. coli) E. coli in water Human or animal faeces infected with E. coli sometimes get into lakes, pools and water supplies. People can become infected when a contaminated city water supply has not been properly treated with chlorine or when people accidentally swallow contaminated water while swimming in a lake, pool or irrigation canal. 10 Bacteria: data Bacteria are, in general, one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells. On average, the size of bacteria ranges from 0.5 to 5 m. However, they can be as tiny as 0.3 m and as large as 0.7mm. The limit of resolution with the unaided eye is about 200 microns, and as many bacteria are smaller than this size, they are not visible with naked eyes. 15 20 The generation time is the time between the same points of the life cycle in two successive generations. The generation time is also called the doubling time and is defined as the time it takes for the population to double through one round of binary fission. Bacterial doubling times vary enormously. Whereas Escherichia coli (E. coli) can double in as little as 20 minutes under optimal growth conditions in the laboratory, bacteria of the same species may need several days to double in especially harsh environments. 25
Bacteria Bacteria: Question 3 Bacteriology is a branch or discipline of science that studies different characteristics of bacteria and their association with other organisms or disciplines. 1 Bacteria are small single-celled organisms. Bacteria are found almost everywhere on Earth and are vital to the planet s ecosystems. Some species can live under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. The human body is full of bacteria, and in fact is estimated to contain more bacterial cells than human cells. Most bacteria in the body are harmless, and some are even helpful. A relatively small number of species cause disease. Refer to Bacteria on the right. 5 Read the section titled Bacteria: data to answer the following question. The measurement symbol for microns is and 1 micron is 0.000001m or 10-6m. Bacteria: Escherichia coli (E. coli) E. coli in water Human or animal faeces infected with E. coli sometimes get into lakes, pools and water supplies. People can become infected when a contaminated city water supply has not been properly treated with chlorine or when people accidentally swallow contaminated water while swimming in a lake, pool or irrigation canal. 10 Bacteria up to about 200 microns may be seen with the unaided eye. How would 200 microns be represented in meters? Select the correct answer from the list below. Bacteria: data Bacteria are, in general, one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells. On average, the size of bacteria ranges from 0.5 to 5 m. However, they can be as tiny as 0.3 m and as large as 0.7mm. The limit of resolution with the unaided eye is about 200 microns, and as many bacteria are smaller than this size, they are not visible with naked eyes. 15 200m 0.00000200m 20 0.200m The generation time is the time between the same points of the life cycle in two successive generations. The generation time is also called the doubling time and is defined as the time it takes for the population to double through one round of binary fission. Bacterial doubling times vary enormously. Whereas Escherichia coli (E. coli) can double in as little as 20 minutes under optimal growth conditions in the laboratory, bacteria of the same species may need several days to double in especially harsh environments. 0.0002m 25
Bacteria Bacteria: Question 4 Bacteriology is a branch or discipline of science that studies different characteristics of bacteria and their association with other organisms or disciplines. 1 Bacteria are small single-celled organisms. Bacteria are found almost everywhere on Earth and are vital to the planet s ecosystems. Some species can live under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. The human body is full of bacteria, and in fact is estimated to contain more bacterial cells than human cells. Most bacteria in the body are harmless, and some are even helpful. A relatively small number of species cause disease. Refer to Bacteria on the right and your general scientific knowledge. 5 Line 21 refers to generation time . Which of the terms below is the best definition of how bacteria reproduce? Bacteria: Escherichia coli (E. coli) E. coli in water Human or animal faeces infected with E. coli sometimes get into lakes, pools and water supplies. People can become infected when a contaminated city water supply has not been properly treated with chlorine or when people accidentally swallow contaminated water while swimming in a lake, pool or irrigation canal. 10 Select one term from the list. Mitosis Meiosis Bacteria: data Bacteria are, in general, one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells. On average, the size of bacteria ranges from 0.5 to 5 m. However, they can be as tiny as 0.3 m and as large as 0.7mm. The limit of resolution with the unaided eye is about 200 microns, and as many bacteria are smaller than this size, they are not visible with naked eyes. 15 Binary fission Gamete formation 20 The generation time is the time between the same points of the life cycle in two successive generations. The generation time is also called the doubling time and is defined as the time it takes for the population to double through one round of binary fission. Bacterial doubling times vary enormously. Whereas Escherichia coli (E. coli) can double in as little as 20 minutes under optimal growth conditions in the laboratory, bacteria of the same species may need several days to double in especially harsh environments. 25
Bacteria Bacteria: Question 5 Bacteria: data Bacteria are, in general, one-tenth the size of the eukaryotic cell. On average, the size of bacteria ranges from 0.5 to 5 m. However, they can be as tiny as 0.3 m and as large as 0.7mm. The limit of resolution with the unaided eye is about 200 microns, and as many bacteria are smaller than this size, they are not visible with naked eyes. 1 Refer to the Bacteria: data section on the right, the image below the text, your general scientific knowledge and your answer to Question 4. 5 Which of the images is a correct representation of the process of bacterial reproduction? The generation time is the time between the same points of the life cycle in two successive generations. The generation time is also called the doubling time and is defined as the time it takes for the population to double through one round of binary fission. Bacterial doubling times vary enormously. Whereas Escherichia coli (E. coli) can double in as little as 20 minutes under optimal growth conditions in the laboratory, bacteria of the same species may need several days to double in especially harsh environments. Select the correct answer from the list below. 10 Process A Process B Process C Process A Process B Process C
Bacteria: Question 6 Types of bacteria Refer to the table Types of bacteria on the right. Using the information in the table, answer the following question. Which bacterium has the median generation time? Use the box below to write your answer and explain the process you used.
Bacteria: Question 7 Bacteria: graph showing the number of bacteria where the generation time is 20 minutes Refer to the graph Number of bacteria on the right. Number of bacteria Using the information in the graph, answer the following questions. 300000 a) The greatest change between successive generations is where the graph is steepest. 250000 200000 False True 150000 100000 b) How many generations does it take to grow over 50000 bacteria? 50000 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Time (minutes)
Bacteria: Question 8 Example of bacterial growth with a generation time of 20 minutes Refer to the table Example of bacterial growth with a generation time of 20 minutes on the right. Using the information in the table, answer the following questions. a) Complete the table by filling in all the missing cells. A school day begins at 09:00 and finishes at 15:40. b) Use the table to help calculate how many bacteria there will be at the end of the school day if there is one at 9:00. Write your answer in the box below. Explain your reasoning.
