The Interwar Years: Rise of Totalitarian Leaders & Global Impact (1918-1939)
Explore the significant events of the Interwar Years, including Woodrow Wilson's 14 Point Plan, the Treaty of Versailles, the League of Nations, punishments imposed on Germany, US involvement post-WWI, and the impact of the Great Depression on global economy.
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*The Interwar Years and the Rise of Totalitarian Leadership 1918-1939
*Name the US president who served during World War I and was known for his 14 Point Plan, which tried to bring stability to post war Europe. *Woodrow Wilson *Review
*Name the treaty that severely punished Germany at the end of World War I *Treaty of Versailles *Did the T of V look anything like Wilson s 14 Point plan? *Review
*What global organization was created as part of the T of V which was also proposed by Wilson in his 14 Point plan? *League of Nations *What was the purpose of this organization? *Review
*Name 3 punishments forced onto Germany as part of the T of V. *Reduced army/navy *No U-Boats or air force *Payment for war damages *War Guilt Clause *Loss of Land *Union with Austria forbidden *Review
*Which victorious country in World War I never formally acknowledged the T of V? *United States *What do you think this tells us about the US post World War I? *Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) *Review
*The United States *What did WWI do for the US in terms of how countries around the globe viewed us? *Vaulted us into a world power *How can we define American lifestyle during the 1920s? *The Roaring 20s *The Interwar Years (1918-1939)
*America became an isolated country in an attempt to fix our own economic problems *The United States *How did the Great Depression in the US effect the rest of the world? *Smoot-Hawley Tariff *Lack of support by the US causes European countries to struggle economically *The Interwar Years (1918-1939)
Troops killed or wounded WWI (1914-1918) 7 In Millions 6 Russia Britain France Italy Germany A-H 5 4 3 2 1 0 Countries
*Estimated cost of WWI *Triple Entente and Allies : $125+ Billion *Triple Alliance and Allies : $60+ Billion *Germany : $37 Billion (Highest of any country) *German reparations Approx. $402 billion in today s $$ (Last payment made Oct. 2010) *Effects of WWI in Europe
*Exchange of Land *Penalties placed on Germany, A-H, Ottoman Empire, and other losing countries results in a massive European facelift *New countries like Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, among others formed *Effects of WWI in Europe
*Changes in leadership in Germany *1st Reich : King William I and William II *Overthrown as part of T of V *2nd Reich : Weimar Republic *Gov t created as part of T of V *Many Germans viewed the WR as traitors for agreeing to sign the treaty *Effects of WWI in Europe
*Europe did not experience a Roaring 20s like the US *Why? *Germany weakened by T of V, new gov t, forced to pay reparations *France rebuilding after trench warfare *Italy weak gov t, Communist movement *England Isolation b/c of fear of war *Russia Isolation under new Communist leadership *Global Depression
*When the US economy collapse in 1929 what little international money that was coming to Euro countries stopped *Euro countries depressions occurred (France, England) or worsened (Italy, Germany) as a result *France, England, Italy : 20%+ unemployment *Germany : 30%+ and extreme inflation *Global Depression
*Totalitarianism *Theory of government in which a single party or leader controls all aspects of life *Dictator: strong leader with total power *One party: ruling party is the only legal political party *Strict government control of all aspects of life *business, religion, the arts, education, etc. *use of propaganda, censorship, terror, and secret police to control people *Individuals have very few freedoms *No freedom of speech, religion, press, etc. *The Rise of Totalitarian Governments
*Ideas? *In return for *Absolute power *Strong military *More land *People wanted strong leaders to get them out of the Great Depression *Nationalism they promised recovery and to make their countries powerful *Why Turn To Totalitarian Leaders?
*Fascism *Extreme Nationalism *Charismatic Leader *Anti-Communism *Strong military *Military expansion to spread ideas *Communism *No social classes or private property *Anti-Religion *Strong government control *Types of Totalitarian Systems
*How could the Global Depression and the post- WWI environment lead to the rise of totalitarian leaders in Europe? *Question
*Military dictatorship *Collectivization *5 year plans *Aryan Race *Military expansion *Government ownership of property *Anti-Communism *Rebuild Economy *Strengthen Military *Rid of American and European Influence *Prison camps for opposition *Terms to Consider
