All-Star Umpire Training: Rotations and Field Coverage Tips
Enhance your umpiring skills with insights on 3 and 4 person rotations, outfield coverage strategies, fair/foul calls, and signaling systems for better game management. Learn about positioning, responsibilities, and coordination to improve game officiating.
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MCLL All-Star Umpire Training 3 AND 4 PERSON ROTATIONS
MORE UMPIRES: BETTER AND WORSE More sets of eyes on the field lets us have better coverage. See all runners touch bases Better angle, closer for catches, home runs, etc. But more bodies on the field can have issues Even number of umpires making a call Traffic jam in the infield Pregame chat is even more important!
GOING OUT With more umpires, we can cover the outfield better Go out on balls hit over the head of the infielders When in doubt, go out Go out in your prescribed part of the outfield If you go out, you have fair/foul, catch/no-catch, home run, ground-rule double, eaten-by-gopher, etc. 4-man covers the entire outfield with base umpires 3-man leaves some parts to the plate umpire If you go out, stay out Be crisp about whether you re in or out Don t change your mind
F8 F9 F7 Right Left CF Split
F8 F9 The Cone F7 Left Rail Right Rail The Cone
FAIR/FOUL If there s an umpire in A or D, PU only calls F/F for balls that settle or touch before the bag BU calls F/F for fly balls that land past the bag, going out if necessary BU calls F/F for bounding balls that land before the bag then pass the bag. This isn t going out. Call it and then rotate as appropriate. For infield foul flies, the umpire in A or D should go to the fence to help the PU.
SIGNS AND SIGNALS 4-man: consider having U2 signal U1 & U3, so PU only has to signal U2. Infield fly Infield in Number of outs What s-the-count, here s-the-count 1st-to-3rd, staying home We need to talk Rotate! Nice job!
3-MAN U3 is in D unless there s a solo R1, when he s in B. U1 is in B except: no runners, solo R1, solo R3 Split at F8 when on rails (no runners or solo R3) Umpire in B has the cone; partner has one rail, PU has the other. If the ball is in the outfield and no one goes out, only one goes in Umpire in B U3 if on rails (cover 2B) The other one drifts into foul territory
3-MAN: BEFORE PITCH U R U U U U U U U R R U U U U Rails: CF Split U3 has the cone Rails: CF Split U1 has the cone U U U U R R R U U U U R R R R R R U U U U U1 has the cone U1 has the cone U1 has the cone U1 has the cone
3-MAN: STEAL OR BALL HIT TO INFIELD A&D (no runners or solo R3) PU: move to 3rd once R3 scores. U3: move to C to cover 2nd. U1: cover home after BR commits to 2nd. A&B (solo R1) This is the fun rotation! PU: move to 3rd. Very important! U3: Stay in B. U1: cover home after BR commits to 2nd. B&D (the rest of the time) PU: stay home. U3: Stay in D. U1: Stay near B, flex between 1st and 2nd.
3-MAN: GROUND OR LINE HIT TO OUTFIELD A&D (no runners or solo R3) or A&B (solo R1) PU: move to 3rd once R3 scores. U3: move to working area to cover 2nd. U1: cover home after BR commits to 2nd. B&D (the rest of the time) PU: stay home. U3: stay in D. U1: move to working area, flex between 1st and 2nd.
3-MAN: FLY BALL HIT TO OUTFIELD A&D (no runners or solo R3) U1: go out on balls to right of CF, else in & pivot to working area U3: go out on balls to left of CF, else in to working area PU: cover plays at 1st if U1 goes out, else stay home A&B (solo R1) U1: go out on balls to RF, else in & pivot to working area U3: go out on balls in the cone, else in to working area PU: cover balls to LF. Move to 3rd regardless. B&D (the rest of the time) U1: go out on balls to cone, else in to working area. U3: go out on balls to LF, else in to working area. PU: cover balls to RF. Otherwise, use some judgement. If R1 & R3, do 1st->3rd just like 2-man If U1 goes out, cover back-door play at 1st.
3-MAN DEMONSTRATIONS No runners or R3 only R1 only Other combos Hit to infield Ground/line to outfield Fly to outfield
4-MAN U2 can choose B or C Often choose C if there s a runner on 2nd (pickoffs) Often choose B if there s a runner on 1st and not 2nd (steals) U2 goes out for balls in the cone U1 & U3 go out for balls down the lines If no one goes out and the ball is in the outfield, U2 goes in; U1 & U3 drift foul If someone goes out, the others generally rotate clockwise one base, unless a runner is coming to their base U1 rotates home when the batter commits to 2nd base
4-MAN: STEAL OR HIT TO INFIELD Each umpire stays chest-to-ball but gets an angle on the approach edge of his base. If the ball gets overthrown to the outfield, U2 goes in; the others stay out (drift foul).
4-MAN: GROUND OR LINE HIT TO OUTFIELD U2: in to working area. U1/U3: drift to coaches boxes. PU: stay point-of-plate until a play develops. Note position of runners when ball thrown by outfielder for possible out-of-play base awards Watch for force plays thrown from outfielders!
4-MAN: FLY BALL TO OUTFIELD U1: go out on balls to RF, otherwise foul & to coach s box, then to home if no R2. U2: go out on balls in the cone, otherwise in to working area. If U1 goes out, cover 1st & 2nd. U3: go out on balls to LF. If U2 goes out, go in to working area PU: If R2, stay home. Otherwise, go to 3rd if U2 or U3 goes out. Watch R3 touch home on your way up the line
District 9 All-Star Umpire Training GAME PREPARATIONS
EQUIPMENT CHECKS U1 & U2 check the 1B dugout. PU & U3 check the 3B dugout. Manager must supply the composite bat list. Composite bats not on the list don t play. Juniors: Composite bats must be BBCOR Seniors: Non-wood bats must be BBCOR Helmets: No decals, tape or writing Give removed equipment to the TD.
CREW MEETING Consultant will assign crews and name a PU. Crew meets (privately) while the PU gears up Decide positions. Try to work one you haven t done recently. Clarify rotations. Ask consultant if you need to. Make sure you know each others names! Look at the lineup on the way to the field. Be on the field 15 minutes before game time.
PLATE MEETING PU runs this. BUs are mostly silent. Introduce managers and umpires Any changes to the lineups? Tell the scorekeeper that the lineups are official All players are legal and properly equipped? Get a positive response from each manager Any questions? Be done in 60 seconds. Seriously.
TIME BETWEEN INNINGS Make it short! U1/U3 check on the catcher PU asks new defensive manager for subs U2 counts pitches (U3 in 3-man). Count up, not down. Also for pitcher changes. Best not to meet unless needed NEVER meet after a controversial call Water if you have time. NEVER chat with fans. Don t point at crew. If they re in position and not holding up a stop sign, they re ready.
PROTEST PROCEDURES Listen carefully to the manager. If he doesn t use the word protest you just have a difference of opinion. Stop the game. Note the count and the runners for later. Bring your consultant(s) on to the field. Meet with both managers and all umpires. The umpire explains the situation, the judgments (what happened) and the rulings applied. The umpire presents the manager s position and asks for his confirmation. The umpire notes which rules were applied and how. The consultant confirms or modifies how the rules are applied given the judgments made by the umpires. This might involve clarification by the umpires. If either manager believes the verdict is in conflict with the rules, we ll repeat with the TD, a call to San Bernardino, and a call to Williamsport, in that order. No protest can happen after the next pitch or play.
District 9 All-Star Umpire Training RULE CLARIFICATIONS
ILLEGAL BATS Umpires check as a courtesy. If a batter steps in the box with an illegal bat, the team loses an adult base coach for the remainder of the game. Also, if discovered before the next batter takes a pitch, the offender is out and the play nullified (similar to BOO).
CATCH AND CARRY This is a HS rule prohibiting throws DBT. DOES NOT APPLY in Little League. A fielder who gets possession of the ball in LBT and is carried into DBT by momentum MAY throw from there. If the ball is dropped during the throw, it s out of play: 2 bases from the time of the drop (throw). If the fielder falls down in DBT, runners get 1 base and the ball is dead.
TIMING PLAYS When the third out is made on the BR before touching 1st, no run can score Catch Tag the base Tag the BR Appeal (successfully) that the BR missed 1st. When the third out is made on a runner forced to a base, no run can score Tag the base Tag the runner Appeal (successfully) that the runner missed that base Otherwise, it s a timing play.
SUBSTITUTIONS Minimum play: 3 consecutive defensive outs and 1 at-bat. Once a sub enters, he may not leave until he meets minimum play. Once a starter re-enters, he may not leave until he meets minimum play. When a starter or a sub re-enters, he must stay in the same spot in the batting order. When a pitcher has met minimum play and is removed on offense, he may come back to the mound once per game. Defensive substitutions must be made on defense. Offensive substitutions must be made for the next batter or a runner on base.
SPECIAL PINCH RUNNERS May be used once per inning The pinch runner must not be in the lineup. The existing runner must not have had a SPR earlier in the game.
District 9 All-Star Umpire Training LINEUP MANAGEMENT
WHY ALL THIS BOOKKEEPING? In case of protest, break glass. Surprise is the enemy of the umpire. Bookkeeping is one of only two English words with a triple double-letter.
EVER WONDER WHY YOU HAD THIS? It s not just for counting runs in Minors play Turns out you need to know what inning it is when you don t use the CBO.
Washington District 9 Little League "For The Kids" Team Name OutsAreGood 7/4/2009 Date PRE-GAME Batting Order # 7 4 10 14 8 11 5 9 15 POS 8 9 6 7 2 1 4 5 3 Player's Nickname Merkle Turtle Sumo Rookie Backstop Dugout The Count 'Gar Rat Cage Changes Check for dupes Ineligible Pitchers Set up starting pitcher Confirm lineup at plate meeting Note H/V Learn manager s name Pitchers 3 1 12 FeelGood Underhand Bucket # Inn. 1.0 1.0 Trips 11 11 Alice Tweedledee Tweedledum Manager President Coach Coach Mad Hatter
Washington District 9 Little League "For The Kids" Team Name OutsAreGood 7/4/2009 Date 1ST INNING Batting Order # 7 4 10 14 8 11 5 9 15 POS 8 9 6 7 2 1 4 5 3 Player's Nickname Merkle Turtle Sumo Rookie Backstop Dugout The Count 'Gar Rat Cage Changes SPR 1(3) SPR 1(3) Top: Pitcher visit Bottom: #3 runs for #4 Pitchers 3 1 12 FeelGood Underhand Bucket # Inn. 1.0 1.0 Trips 11 11 1 1 Alice Tweedledee Tweedledum Manager President Coach Coach Mad Hatter
Washington District 9 Little League "For The Kids" Team Name OutsAreGood 7/4/2009 Date TOP OF 2ND Batting Order # 7 4 10 14 8 11 5 9 15 POS 8 9 6 7 2 1 4 5 3 Player's Nickname Merkle Turtle Sumo Rookie Backstop Dugout The Count 'Gar Rat Cage Changes SPR 1(3) SPR 1(3) #15 takes mound and throws warmup pitches; 11 arrives and shoos him off. Checks on injured F2 Calls time, shows #9 where to play a bunt Subs #1 for #5 #5 has not batted AB AB 1(2.2) 1(2.2) Pitchers 3 1 12 FeelGood Underhand Bucket # Inn. 1.0 1.0 Trips 2 2 --- --- 11 11 1 1 Alice Tweedledee Tweedledum Manager President Coach Coach Mad Hatter
Washington District 9 Little League "For The Kids" Team Name OutsAreGood 7/4/2009 Date BOTTOM OF 2ND Batting Order # 7 4 10 14 8 11 5 9 15 POS 8 9 6 7 2 1 4 5 3 Player's Nickname Merkle Turtle Sumo Rookie Backstop Dugout The Count 'Gar Rat Cage Changes 3(2) 3(2) SPR 1(3) SPR 1(3) Brings #5 back to bat After #9 walks, has #5 run for him When #7 is HBP, has #3 come in to run Substitutes #3 for #7 AB AB 1(2.2) 1(2.2) SPR 2(5) SPR 2(5) Pitchers --- --- 3 1 12 FeelGood Underhand Bucket # Inn. 1.0 1.0 Trips 2 2 --- --- 11 11 1 1 Alice Tweedledee Tweedledum Manager President Coach Coach Mad Hatter
Washington District 9 Little League "For The Kids" Team Name OutsAreGood 7/4/2009 Date TOP OF 3RD Batting Order # 7 4 10 14 8 11 5 9 15 POS 8 9 6 7 2 1 4 5 3 Player's Nickname Merkle Turtle Sumo Rookie Backstop Dugout The Count 'Gar Rat Cage Changes 3(2) 3(2) SPR 1(3) SPR 1(3) Goes to mound after warmup pitches Brings back #5 after 1 out Brings back #5 after 2 outs Visits F1 after HR Has #14 pitch, #11 to CF AB AB 1(2.2) 1(2.2) 5 5 SPR 2(5) SPR 2(5) Pitchers --- --- 3 1 12 FeelGood Underhand Bucket # Inn. 1.0 1.0 Trips 2 2 3 3 3 3 --- --- 11 11 1 1 14 14 3.2 3.2 Alice Tweedledee Tweedledum Manager President Coach Coach Mad Hatter
Washington District 9 Little League "For The Kids" Team Name OutsAreGood 7/4/2009 Date BOTTOM OF 3RD Batting Order # 7 4 10 14 8 11 5 9 15 POS 8 9 6 7 2 1 4 5 3 Player's Nickname Merkle Turtle Sumo Rookie Backstop Dugout The Count 'Gar Rat Cage Changes 3(2) 3(2) SPR 1(3) SPR 1(3) Subs #12 for #14 Has #3 run for #11 Subs #7 for #3 so #3 can run Has #1 bat for #5 #5 singles; subs #1 for #5 at 1st #1 is ejected for throwing his helmet after called out at 2nd Has #14 run for #9 12(3) 12(3) AB AB 1(2.2) 1(2.2) 5 5 1 1 5 5 SPR 2(5) SPR 2(5) Pitchers --- --- 3 1 12 FeelGood Underhand Bucket # Inn. 1.0 1.0 Trips 2 2 3 3 3 3 --- --- --- --- -------------- -------------- EJ EJ 11 11 1 1 14 14 3.2 3.2 Alice Tweedledee Tweedledum Manager President Coach Coach Mad Hatter
Washington District 9 Little League "For The Kids" Team Name OutsAreGood 7/4/2009 Date TOP OF 4TH Batting Order # 7 4 10 14 8 11 5 9 15 POS 8 9 6 7 2 1 4 5 3 Player's Nickname Merkle Turtle Sumo Rookie Backstop Dugout The Count 'Gar Rat Cage -------------- -------------- INJ Changes 3(2) 3(2) 7 7 SPR 1(3) SPR 1(3) #14 takes mound #11 to LF, #4 to CF, #7 to RF Collision at 1st, #15 injured. Visiting mgr chooses #3 to reenter for #15 12(3) 12(3) 14 14 AB AB 1(2.2) 1(2.2) 5 5 1 1 5 5 SPR 2(5) SPR 2(5) INJ 3 3 Pitchers --- --- 3 1 12 FeelGood Underhand Bucket # Inn. 1.0 1.0 Trips 2 2 3 3 3 3 --- --- --- --- -------------- -------------- EJ EJ 11 11 1 1 14 14 3.2 3.2 Alice Tweedledee Tweedledum Manager President Coach Coach Mad Hatter
Washington District 9 Little League "For The Kids" Team Name OutsAreGood 7/4/2009 Date BOTTOM OF 4TH Batting Order # 7 4 10 14 8 11 5 9 15 POS 8 9 6 7 2 1 4 5 3 Player's Nickname Merkle Turtle Sumo Rookie Backstop Dugout The Count 'Gar Rat Cage -------------- -------------- INJ Changes 3(2) 3(2) 7 7 SPR 1(3) SPR 1(3) R3, #14 due up, #12 bats instead and singles Defense appeals BOO 10-run lead; game over 12(3) 12(3) 14 14 12 12 AB AB 1(2.2) 1(2.2) 5 5 1 1 5 5 SPR 2(5) SPR 2(5) INJ 3 3 Pitchers --- --- 3 1 12 FeelGood Underhand Bucket # Inn. 1.0 1.0 Trips 2 2 3 3 3 3 --- --- --- --- -------------- -------------- EJ EJ 11 11 1 1 14 14 3.2 3.2 Alice Tweedledee Tweedledum Manager President Coach Coach Mad Hatter
Washington District 9 Little League "For The Kids" Team Name OutsAreGood 7/4/2009 Date NOT COVERED Batting Order # 7 4 10 14 8 11 5 9 15 POS 8 9 6 7 2 1 4 5 3 Player's Nickname Merkle Turtle Sumo Rookie Backstop Dugout The Count 'Gar Rat Cage Changes 2 subs at once J/S/BL differences Softball differences Can have more than 2 in a batting slot Pitchers 3 1 12 FeelGood Underhand Bucket # Inn. Trips Alice Tweedledee Tweedledum Manager President Coach Coach Mad Hatter
Washington District 9 Little League "For The Kids" Team Name OutsAreGood 7/4/2009 Date TIPS Batting Order # 7 4 10 14 8 11 5 9 15 POS 8 9 6 7 2 1 4 5 3 Player's Nickname Merkle Turtle Sumo Rookie Backstop Dugout The Count 'Gar Rat Cage Changes Go to defensive manager between innings and ask for subs! Get off the field after the game is over! Read the tournament rules! Pitchers 3 1 12 FeelGood Underhand Bucket # Inn. Trips Alice Tweedledee Tweedledum Manager President Coach Coach Mad Hatter
District 9 All-Star Umpire Training CONFLICT
MANAGING THE MANAGER Don t let anyone but the manger discuss calls Send him to the umpire that made the call Turn him so he s facing the crowd Listen without interruption ( what did you have on that play? ) but don t allow demonstration Explain clearly (without demonstrating) what you saw and what you called. Don t allow interruptions ( I listened to you; please show me the same respect. ) Allow him to restate his disagreement, then declare the conversation over ( OK, but it s time to play ball. ) IF you want help: Gather the whole crew (and no one else). Be as fast as possible, but no faster. Same umpire delivers the verdict. Give a 1-on-1 answer to the manager who s going to be disappointed Announce the decision to everyone
EJECTIONS When it s physical (contact in anger, or threatening) When it s personal(you re a bad umpire) When it s profane When it s prolonged (won t stop when told to) When it s persistent (continues to bring up calls from earlier)
HOW TO THROW YOUR CREW UNDER THE BUS Have an even number of umpires make a call. Blow a call. You live or die as a team. Express disagreement with your partner s call to players, coaches, fans, or muttering at the grass Talk to spectators between innings. Put the ball in play too soon. Butt in to a conversation with the manager Other ways?
