Comprehensive Overview of Lewis Model in Chemical Bonding

Examining the coverage of Exam 3 and final exam topics including PV=nRT problems, qualitative features of kinetic theory of gases, atomic dimensions, spdf song, ionic compound predictions, Lewis octet structures, formal charges, VSEPR theory predictions, oxyanion examples of resonance, and the significance of the Lewis model in chemical bonding, reactivity, and structure predictions. The content emphasizes concepts such as bond order, electron ownership, formal charge distributions, excited states, and resonance in chemical compounds. Visual aids and examples support the understanding of molecular structures and reactivity.

• Chemical Bonding
• Lewis Model
• VSEPR Theory
• Oxyanion
• Atomic Dimensions

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1. Exam 3: coverage Homework 14-22 PV=nRT problems Qualitative features of kinetic theory of gasses Atomic dimensions and theories spdf song (including d switch, and the filled/half- filled empty rule) Ionic compound prediction Basic Lewis octet structures and formal charges Beyond Lewis: minimize formal charge structures excited states resonance bond order VSEPR predictions

2. Final exam: 10:15 AM Monday 14 December PHS 107

3. U-Do-it: Oxyanion examples of resonance NO3- NO2- CO3-2 a)What is the static octet prediction for each ? O- O O- N O N+ O- O C O- O- b) What is the actual, expected bond order to O for each example ? 4/3=1.333 3/2=1.5 4/3= 1.333

4. The `big picture for the Lewis model, so far: The Lewis Model of Bonding Tells Chemists: 1)Bond order and electron ownership 2)Formal charge distributions 3)Excited state configurations (COCl2 example) 4)Whether resonance exists (or not)

5. https://i.chzbgr.com/maxW500/2922317568/h5AC86B91/ The Lewis model also provides: 1)Insight into chemical reactivity. 2)Predictions of Molecular structure (VSEPR theory pp. 193-217)

6. Lewis and chemical reactivity: some simple examples 1) CO and blood http://www.glycemicindex.com/blog/february2007/heme_iron176.jpg O O Fe3+ vs. O+ - C CO has 200-400X stronger electrostatic attraction to Fe3+ from formal charge vs. O2. Explains why CO so easily asphyxiates humans even at `low concentrations (400 ppm) it never lets go of the Fe3+

7. Lewis and chemical reactivity: some simple examples (cont.) 2) complexation of metals Aquo complexes of metals http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/M(H2O)6_cation.png color related to lone pair bonding to Mz+ http://lh3.ggpht.com/_fd5hy96-q9Y/TO4khkW-4gI/AAAAAAAABZw/a0UYn_Exo4I/pd561764_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800 Cu(OH2)62 + O H H

8. http://chemlabs.uoregon.edu/GeneralResources/models/grf/CuComplex.gifhttp://chemlabs.uoregon.edu/GeneralResources/models/grf/CuComplex.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/M(H2O)6_cation.png O Change the source of the lone pair .. changes the color N H H H H H

9. Lewis and chemical reactivity: some simple examples (cont.) In biology we need bacteria and light to fix N2 (convert to C-N single bonds). Chemically it is very hard to `fix N2 .Why ?? 3 bonds are tough to rupture N N When H2O and CO2 mix to make carbonic acid (H2CO3) (essence of Sprite), how does it happen?? H O O C O O C O H H H O

10. And Finally..Lewis Model provides accurate molecular structure predictions

11. Lewis Model and Molecular Structure predictions (VSEPR theory : electron clouds are balloons) :N N: H H B H TRIGONAL PLANAR LINEAR TETRAHEDRON

12. TRIGONAL BIPYRAMID OCTAHEDRON

13. What if lone pairs take up some of the balloon space ? No lone pairs: 4 bonds to atoms Pyramid or tetrahedron 1 lone pair + 3 bonds to atoms Trigonal pyramid

14. 2 lone pairs + 2 bonds to atoms O Chemical example H H Bent structure

15. Lewis structure Relevant shape? shape name? data:image/jpeg;base64,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 O Trigonal plane C H H formaldehyde O C LINEAR O carbon dioxide

16. Lewis structureRelevant shape? shape name? data:image/jpeg;base64,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 N O- Bent structure O Nitrite anion TETRAHEDRON O S OH H O O Sulfuric acid

17. Lewis structureRelevant shape? shape name? data:image/jpeg;base64,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 Trigonal bipyramid F F S F F Sulfur tetrafluoride Square pyramid 1 lone pair + 4 bonds

18. And finallySF6, a `six-balloon structrure Shape it makes is `octahedral

19. U-Do-It VSEPR predictions NO2- PH3 SO2 SO3 ClO4- Hint: First do Lewis structure Then select a shape 1)Linear 4) trigonal pyramid 2)Trigonal plane 5) pyramid 3)Bent 6) square pyramid 7) octahedron