Understanding Intimate Partner Violence and Brain Injury Connections

 
INTIMATE PARTNER
VIOLENCE & BRAIN INJURY
Cridge Centre for the Family
 Cross-Training Session
January 29, 2020
 
The Link Between IPV & BI
 
Between 30%-90% of women who have experienced physical abuse
have a brain injury of some kind
Harvard University study (Valera, 2003):
75% of participants had at least one mild brain injury
50% had sustained repetitive brain injuries
Ohio State study (Nemeth, 2019):
81% reported being hit on the head
50% reported so many blows to the head they couldn’t keep track of the
number
83% reported being choked or strangled
Research in Canada- University of Toronto, University of Victoria,
   University of British Columbia Okanagan
 
Common Types Of Intimate Partner
Violence Causing Brain Injury
 
Up to 92% of IPV incidents involve one or more of the following:
Hits or punches to the head or face
Banging victim’s head against a hard object like a wall, floor, or
headboard
Strangulation
The obstruction of blood vessels and/or airflow in the neck,
resulting in lack of oxygen to the brain (asphyxia)
 Loss of consciousness occurs at 6-7 seconds
Often no visible signs of injury
 
Challenges Offering Support To IPV & BI
Survivors
 
Lack Of A Formal Diagnosis
Insufficient funding for BI and IPV services
Fear Of Brain Injury Being Weaponized
Lack Of Knowledge and Collaboration
 
 
The Cridge IPV & BI Initiative
 
Intimate
Partner
Violence
 
UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORTING WOMEN SURVIVORS
 
Intimate Partner Violence in
Canada
 
Half of all women in Canada have experienced at least
one incident of physical or sexual violence since the age
of 16 
(Canadian Women’s Foundation, 2019)
 
74% of women killed in Canada in 2018 were killed by an
intimate partner or family member 
(Canadian Femicide Observatory, 2019)
 
83% of intimate partner violence is perpetrated by men
(Statistics Canada, 2017)
 
70 % of IPV is not reported to the police 
(Statistics Canada, 2017).
 
Dynamics of Intimate Partner
Violence
 
Dynamics of Intimate Partner
Violence
 
Your client Mira has just moved in with
her boyfriend. You have very little
information about the relationship, but
your gut tells you that her boyfriend
may be abusive.
 
 
WHAT SIGNS OR PATTERNS MIGHT YOU
BE LOOKING FOR TO HELP YOU ASSESS?
 
Intersecting Factors with IPV
 
BRAIN INJURY: Up to 80% of women experiencing
physical violence have a brain injury (Source:
abitoolkit.ca)
ADDICTION: Drug and alcohol addiction has been found
to co-occur with IPV in 60-80% of victims (Source:
American Society of Addiction Medicine)
MENTAL HEALTH: IPV can lead to, or co-occur with:
depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder,
personality disorders, dissociative identity disorder,
psychosis, and eating disorders (Source: Canadian
Women’s Foundation)
 
 
 
 
Intersecting Factors with IPV
 
INDIGENOUS WOMEN: Indigenous women in Canada
are 3 times more likely to experience intimate partner
violence, and are 6 times more likely to be killed.
(Source: StatsCan, 2011)
 
NEWCOMER WOMEN: Newcomer women may
experience increased impact of IPV. Language barriers,
immigration policies, and racism can serve to isolate
newcomer women from IPV supports (Source: Migrant
Mothers Project, 2010)
 
 
 
Framework for Supporting Women
Experiencing IPV
 
Take an active role in ending IPV
Communicate and collaborate with other service
providers
Have a working knowledge of IPV resources in your
community
Support women to access resources
Focus on safety
Refrain from judgement
 
Framework for Supporting Women
Experiencing IPV
 
In order to safely leave a violence relationship, most
women need:
A SAFETY PLAN
TEMPORARY SHELTER (TRANSITION HOUSE)
EMOTIONAL SUPPORT
SAFE, AFFORDABLE HOUSING
ADVOCACY
 
Safety Planning
 
Anything a woman does to increase her safety or to prepare
for/prevent future abuse
Focused on current circumstances. Answers the question: “How are
you going to stay safe today?”
An ongoing process, not a single conversation or worksheet
Written or verbal
Practical
Rooted in the woman’s lived experience and knowledge of the
abuser
Tools available online. Example safety plans can be found at
www.cridge.org/cthw
 
You meet Mira at Tim Horton’s for a
coffee. She shares with you that her
boyfriend assaulted her last night. She is
not ready to leave the relationship and
does not want to report it to police.
 
 
HOW WOULD YOU ENGAGE IN SAFETY
PLANNING WITH MIRA?
 
Resources for women
experiencing IPV
 
TRANSITION HOUSES- 30 days of shelter & support for women and
children fleeing violence
CRISIS LINE & OUTREACH SUPPORTS- through transition houses or
other agencies
WOMEN’S SHELTERS- Lower barrier shelters for women. Generally do
not accept children
HOUSING- supported, transitional housing funded through BC
Housing for women experiencing IPV
COUNSELLING
LEGAL SERVICES
POLICE & VICTIMS SERVICES
OTHER COMMUNITY SUPPORTS
 
Cridge Resources for women
experiencing IPV
 
Cridge Transition House for Women
Crisis Line
Shelter
Outreach
Child and Youth Support
Cridge Supportive Transitional Housing
Hayward Heights
Mary Cridge Manor
Dovetail Program (support for residents)
Child and Youth Support
 
Mira comes to your office a few weeks
after your Tim Horton’s meeting. She
tells you her boyfriend threatened to kill
her if she ever left him. She is starting to
think about ending things, but is scared.
 
WHAT RESOURCES MIGHT YOU REFER
MIRA TO?
HOW WOULD YOU SUPPORT MIRA TO
ACCESS THESE RESOURCES?
 
Why Women Stay
 
Increased risk of violence
Financial insecurity
Fear of homelessness
Desire to protect children from abuser/ fear that abuser will have
unsupervised access to children
Fear of not being believed or blamed for the abuse
Additional challenges (ie, brain injury, mental health, addiction)
 
The current systems (child protection, police, family court, criminal
justice, etc) do not support women fleeing violence effectively.
Systemic change must happen in order for women to truly be safe.
 
 
 
Now imagine that Mira has a brain
injury.
 
WHAT WOULD BE SOME CLUES TO HELP YOU
DETERMINE THIS?
 
HOW DO WE COLLABORATE TO PROVIDE MIRA
SUPPORT WITH: SAFETY PLANNING, ACCESSING
TRANSITION HOUSE SERVICES, AND MOVING TO
STABILITY?
 
 
 
Cridge IPV Panel
 
Sheila Sakiyama (Cridge Transition House Outreach)
Marlene Goley (Cridge Transition House for Women)
Karen Abrahamson (Dovetail Program)
Susie Scott (Dovetail Program- Child and Youth Care)
 
SCENARIO:
Mira is now ready to leave the relationship. In the time you
have been working with her, she had a daughter who is
now 3 years old.
 
 
QUESTIONS?
Slide Note

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The link between intimate partner violence (IPV) and brain injury is significant, with studies showing a high prevalence of brain injuries among IPV survivors, particularly women. Common types of IPV causing brain injury include hits to the head, strangulation, and banging the head against objects. However, offering support to IPV and brain injury survivors faces challenges such as lack of formal diagnosis, funding, and knowledge. Initiatives like The Cridge IPV & BI Initiative aim to address these issues and provide better understanding and support to women survivors of IPV.


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  1. INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE & BRAIN INJURY Cridge Centre for the Family Cross-Training Session January 29, 2020

  2. The Link Between IPV & BI Between 30%-90% of women who have experienced physical abuse have a brain injury of some kind Harvard University study (Valera, 2003): 75% of participants had at least one mild brain injury 50% had sustained repetitive brain injuries Ohio State study (Nemeth, 2019): 81% reported being hit on the head 50% reported so many blows to the head they couldn t keep track of the number 83% reported being choked or strangled Research in Canada- University of Toronto, University of Victoria, University of British Columbia Okanagan

  3. Common Types Of Intimate Partner Violence Causing Brain Injury Up to 92% of IPV incidents involve one or more of the following: Hits or punches to the head or face Banging victim s head against a hard object like a wall, floor, or headboard Strangulation The obstruction of blood vessels and/or airflow in the neck, resulting in lack of oxygen to the brain (asphyxia) Loss of consciousness occurs at 6-7 seconds Often no visible signs of injury

  4. Challenges Offering Support To IPV & BI Survivors Lack Of A Formal Diagnosis Insufficient funding for BI and IPV services Fear Of Brain Injury Being Weaponized Lack Of Knowledge and Collaboration

  5. The Cridge IPV & BI Initiative

  6. Intimate Partner Violence UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORTING WOMEN SURVIVORS

  7. Intimate Partner Violence in Canada Half of all women in Canada have experienced at least one incident of physical or sexual violence since the age of 16 (Canadian Women s Foundation, 2019) 74% of women killed in Canada in 2018 were killed by an intimate partner or family member (Canadian Femicide Observatory, 2019) 83% of intimate partner violence is perpetrated by men (Statistics Canada, 2017) 70 % of IPV is not reported to the police (Statistics Canada, 2017).

  8. Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence

  9. Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence

  10. Your client Mira has just moved in with her boyfriend. You have very little information about the relationship, but your gut tells you that her boyfriend may be abusive. WHAT SIGNS OR PATTERNS MIGHT YOU BE LOOKING FOR TO HELP YOU ASSESS?

  11. Intersecting Factors with IPV BRAIN INJURY: Up to 80% of women experiencing physical violence have a brain injury (Source: abitoolkit.ca) ADDICTION: Drug and alcohol addiction has been found to co-occur with IPV in 60-80% of victims (Source: American Society of Addiction Medicine) MENTAL HEALTH: IPV can lead to, or co-occur with: depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, personality disorders, dissociative identity disorder, psychosis, and eating disorders (Source: Canadian Women s Foundation)

  12. Intersecting Factors with IPV INDIGENOUS WOMEN: Indigenous women in Canada are 3 times more likely to experience intimate partner violence, and are 6 times more likely to be killed. (Source: StatsCan, 2011) NEWCOMER WOMEN: Newcomer women may experience increased impact of IPV. Language barriers, immigration policies, and racism can serve to isolate newcomer women from IPV supports (Source: Migrant Mothers Project, 2010)

  13. Framework for Supporting Women Experiencing IPV Take an active role in ending IPV Communicate and collaborate with other service providers Have a working knowledge of IPV resources in your community Support women to access resources Focus on safety Refrain from judgement

  14. Framework for Supporting Women Experiencing IPV In order to safely leave a violence relationship, most women need: A SAFETY PLAN TEMPORARY SHELTER (TRANSITION HOUSE) EMOTIONAL SUPPORT SAFE, AFFORDABLE HOUSING ADVOCACY

  15. Safety Planning Anything a woman does to increase her safety or to prepare for/prevent future abuse Focused on current circumstances. Answers the question: How are you going to stay safe today? An ongoing process, not a single conversation or worksheet Written or verbal Practical Rooted in the woman s lived experience and knowledge of the abuser Tools available online. Example safety plans can be found at www.cridge.org/cthw

  16. You meet Mira at Tim Hortons for a coffee. She shares with you that her boyfriend assaulted her last night. She is not ready to leave the relationship and does not want to report it to police. HOW WOULD YOU ENGAGE IN SAFETY PLANNING WITH MIRA?

  17. Resources for women experiencing IPV TRANSITION HOUSES- 30 days of shelter & support for women and children fleeing violence CRISIS LINE & OUTREACH SUPPORTS- through transition houses or other agencies WOMEN S SHELTERS- Lower barrier shelters for women. Generally do not accept children HOUSING- supported, transitional housing funded through BC Housing for women experiencing IPV COUNSELLING LEGAL SERVICES POLICE & VICTIMS SERVICES OTHER COMMUNITY SUPPORTS

  18. Cridge Resources for women experiencing IPV Cridge Transition House for Women Crisis Line Shelter Outreach Child and Youth Support Cridge Supportive Transitional Housing Hayward Heights Mary Cridge Manor Dovetail Program (support for residents) Child and Youth Support

  19. Mira comes to your office a few weeks after your Tim Horton s meeting. She tells you her boyfriend threatened to kill her if she ever left him. She is starting to think about ending things, but is scared. WHAT RESOURCES MIGHT YOU REFER MIRA TO? HOW WOULD YOU SUPPORT MIRA TO ACCESS THESE RESOURCES?

  20. Why Women Stay Increased risk of violence Financial insecurity Fear of homelessness Desire to protect children from abuser/ fear that abuser will have unsupervised access to children Fear of not being believed or blamed for the abuse Additional challenges (ie, brain injury, mental health, addiction) The current systems (child protection, police, family court, criminal justice, etc) do not support women fleeing violence effectively. Systemic change must happen in order for women to truly be safe.

  21. Now imagine that Mira has a brain injury. WHAT WOULD BE SOME CLUES TO HELP YOU DETERMINE THIS? HOW DO WE COLLABORATE TO PROVIDE MIRA SUPPORT WITH: SAFETY PLANNING, ACCESSING TRANSITION HOUSE SERVICES, AND MOVING TO STABILITY?

  22. Cridge IPV Panel Sheila Sakiyama (Cridge Transition House Outreach) Marlene Goley (Cridge Transition House for Women) Karen Abrahamson (Dovetail Program) Susie Scott (Dovetail Program- Child and Youth Care) SCENARIO: Mira is now ready to leave the relationship. In the time you have been working with her, she had a daughter who is now 3 years old.

  23. QUESTIONS?

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