Kareda International Oil & Gas Exploration Project Overview
Kareda International is a Romanian firm specializing in oil and gas exploration, with a focus on research and development. Its team comprises experienced professionals from renowned companies in the industry, offering consultancy services in integrated reservoir studies, field development planning, and financial services. The team utilizes a range of software tools for efficient project execution.
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KAREDA INTERNATIONAL OIL&GAS EXPLORATION PROJECT www.kareda.ro JANUARY 2022 CONFIDENTIAL 1 Property of KARPATHIAN ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY S.A.
PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES: Present the company s background, capabilities and current activities Showcase a business deal and value proposition Display invitations to project participation 2
BACKGROUND Firm founded in December 2021, incorporated in Romania (EU) Has as primary business activity Research & Development , secondary objectives: hydrocarbons production Talent and know-how supplied by our team s vast experience in the oil & gas sector, in Romania and internationally Our current members and collaborators are former employees of Beicip Franlab, HOT Engineering, ADNOC, EQUINOR, OMV Petrom, Petrofac, etc. Firm also strong on getting training and latest research info from the academic sphere (founder is alumnus of Heriot- Watt University) Proven track record of establishing other O&G businesses (Expert Petroleum, Dacian Petroleum, technical side only) Last but not least, dedicated multi-generation oil&gas family that manages this entity and can leverage technical and legal expertise, and connections 3
CONSULTANCY SERVICES* INTEGRATED RESERVOIR STUDIES Geophysics, Geology, Petrophysics Reservoir Engineering & Simulation, Production Technology Advisory, Reservoir Management, Economics FIELD DEVELOPMENT PLANNING MATURE FIELD RE-DEVELOMENT FINANCIAL SERVICES Access to capital International Oil & Gas Activity Expansion International Petroleum Exploration Private Equity Consultancy 4 (*)See brochure
TEAM Core team is made out of 6 people (3 reservoir engineers, 1 production engineer, 1 geophysicist, 1 geologist & petrophysicist) Additional staff (readily available): 3 geoscience juniors (including a PhD candidate) for geophysics and petrophysics 5 reservoir engineers (including 3 PhD candidates) SOFTWARE Team is well-versed and prefers to use the following software-of-choice: Petrophysical modelling: Techlog, IP Geophysical interpretation: Petrel / Hampson Russell / Kingdom Geomodelling: Petrel Reservoir simulation: CMG GIS software: ArcGIS, QGIS, Global Mapper Production software: IPM Oilfield management: OFM 5
CURRENT ACTIVITY, CLIENTS AND HISTORY Initially, KAREDA was founded to help Dacian Petroleum with their mandatory reservoir studies, charging well below market price in order to protect their budget at early-stage. First contract was signed for 9/40 reservoirs that constitute their asset base. These are all very mature fields with problematic issues that hinder a fluent flux of production. KAREDA s geoscience and reservoir engineering department and Dacian Petroleum s subsurface department are very connected one with the other one, in many aspects they operate as one. Other clients: KAREDA has also worked for Danubian Energy Consulting S.R.L. + BlackSea Oil&Gas for 2 offshore Romanian gas fields to evaluate the reserves, using state-of-the-art software (CMG). Ongoing business development: 1) Review participation announcements for exploration projects in selected locations This means locations where geophysical prospecting is sparse. Also, the business climate should not pose major risks. 2) Identification of tendering procedures for integrated reservoir studies / field redevelopment projects (especially in Libya) 3) A new batch of reservoir studies for Dacian Petroleum 6
For the exploration project: Revised energy outlooks make a good case for continuing to look for new oil & gas discoveries Initially KAREDA was interested in making a list with exploration opportunities Then came the idea to send invitations to mid-sized independent E&P companies and some specialized energy- focused investment funds KAREDA is to be used as a branch / subsidiary by the interested participants, who want to share the risk. 7
For the exploration project: Main question for investors: How much capital are you willing to commit? Based on this answer we will know how to redistribute the percentage of ownership within the Company. Percentage of ownership gets updated every time an investor enters or exits the Company. This implies that all invoices the Company receives will be forwarded and split accordingly among the shareholders. The shareholders are both owners and clients. The reason behind this scheme is that KAREDA is interested in several tendering procedures (especially in Libya) where we will need to demonstrate similar experience with reference letters, invoices, contracts (related to geoscience and reservoir engineering activity). 8
PROCEDURE DECISION TAKEN, IF POSITIVE Describes how to relationship between the shareholders and the Company should function for the duration of the project. Sets forth the most fundamental rules for the Contract. SIGN THE MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING (MoU) The Contract will include the description of the activities that will be performed by the Company, tasks, deliverables and invoicing regime and policy. Signing of the Constitutive Act gives the investor legal power under Romanian law. You will be able to appoint a Director and call Board meetings. SIGN SIGN CONTRACT CONSTITUTIVE ACT WORK STARTS, INVOICING REGIME KICKS-IN APPOINT DIRECTOR(S), CALL BOARD MEETINGS 9
BUSINESS PROPOSAL We present you with a highly-experienced team, to use it for doing research, preparing material and engaging in exploration activities. Party responsibilities: For KAREDA: (1) Review legal and technical data to prepare for applying for exploration permits, under country- specific legislation (2) Conduct pre-feasibility studies for tentative good- looking opportunities, and inform the financial backers on the outcome of the screening to decide on the next step: abandonment or engagement (3) If project feasible, then KAREDA s management will organize project stages (bidding application, seismic surveys, drilling activities, well testing, reservoir modelling and evaluation, contract management, hand-over procedure*) For the financial backers (FUND, investors): (1) Minimal financial support at early-stage research phase (salaries of technical staff, software and in some cases country representatives) (2) Dedicated contact point/team for review of data (3) Willing to invest and tolerate some degree of risk if pre-feasibility study positive. Willing to honor minimal commitments set by National Agencies for Mineral Resources (NAMR) in candidate countries. 10 (*)We are not discussing at this stage the aspect of managing a large-scale successful commercial discovery. That will be dealt with separately.
BUSINESS PROPOSAL Advantage over other exploration companies: The operating costs of this company: At least until a commercial discovery is found we will have reasonable requests in terms of remuneration expectations, and nowhere near what some other firms would charge. When things go beyond the exploration stage and more drilling activity and wellsite operations are required, we will be capable to rely on a partner firm (Chinook Geological Services, from Canada) In terms of methodology we follow the one taught at Heriot-Watt. 11
PROPOSED WORKFLOW (1/3) Estimated time for completions of the first stage: max. 3-4 months, including preparation of bidding documents KAREDA Geoscience & Reservoir Engineering Department CHILE ARGENTINA URUGUAY APPROVAL STAGE Ask to go on data room tours (virtual if possible) / discuss the details of the procedure for obtaining concessions In the case of Argentina, that must be done for each province of interest individually and examine the legislation of each one Once the minimal available data is obtained, start analyzing it for the purpose of determining which blocks would be the most advantageous. The team will be involved with the following tasks: 1. Risk assessment of the exploration prospect 2. Review of available data for regional studies about tectonic regime, depositional environment, fault systems, sequence stratigraphy, magnetic and gravity surveying 3. Regional 2D/3D seismic processing and interpretation 4. Revising preliminary contract obligations for exploratory concessions PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY Report to shareholders on the feasibility of engaging in exploration based on the risks vs rewards criteria. Make recommendations about the best blocks to be taken under concession. Selection of target blocks. Update of Contract. Move to exploration stage PREPARE BIDDING DOCUMENTS 12
PROPOSED WORKFLOW (2/3) KAREDA Geoscience & Reservoir Engineering Department COUNTRY OF TARGETED BLOCK(S) Planning and execution (with contractor) of seismic survey shooting Interpretation and / or re-interpretation of subsurface seismic response 1. Velocity models, TWT maps and time-to-depth conversion for horizons 2. AVO screening and analysis 3. Amplitude and seismic attributes analysis 4. Correlation of borehole seismic data (if existent) with surface seismic responses (well tying) 5. Fault picking on 2D lines and 3D volumes, generate fault planes and fault polygons 6. Field mapping and digitization of maps 7. Setting up the project database Design and coordination of drilling activity for committed wells (with contractor) EXPLORATION STAGE If significant hydrocarbon producing rate measured Announce discovery, propose moving to appraisal stage Update of Contract. 13
PROPOSED WORKFLOW (3/3) KAREDA Geoscience & Reservoir Engineering Department COUNTRY OF TARGETED BLOCK(S) Planning and execution of drilling appraisal wells (with contractor) Sedimentological, sequence stratigraphic and petrographic description of the extracted core samples Petrophysical interpretation of the well logs: 1. Core-log relationships 2. Zonations and identifications of lithologies and strata 3. Derivation of petrophysical properties Reservoir characterization (porosity, permeability, fluid contacts and saturations, NTG, capillary pressure, rock typing, facies analysis) Reservoir modelling: 1. Structural and stratigraphic modelling 2. Facies modelling 3. Petrophysical properties modelling (stochastic) 4. Multi-realizations of subsurface reservoir models 5. Comparison to other analogs 6. Dual porosity systems modeling (fractures) Determination of fluids in place Incorporation of PVT, fluid characteristics, RCAL&SCAL into the static geological model (relative permeabilities, Archie parameters, capillary pressure), hysteresis modelling Preliminary reservoir simulation for reserves computation APPRAISAL STAGE 14
We have already started looking at the requirements of various NAMRs and we received some invitations on how and where to apply for conducting exploratory works. In all cases we need a backer. In all cases we must know the level of willingness to proceed. Here are some possibilities. 15
CHILE Invitation O&G exploration activities are regulated by the Ministry of Energy, under the form of Special Contracts for Petroleum Operations (CEOPs) Two forms of entry into the country: (1) via direct negotiation with the Ministry, i.e. submittal of action plan, or (2) via bidding process Link for submittal of application dossier: "https://minenergia.cerofilas.gob.cl/tramites/informativo/2248 Documents needed for request evaluation: (1) Company Presentation, (2) Description of technical Experience of the Company, (3) Description of Company s financial performance and/or resources, (4) Project working program, (5) Gantt Charts, (6) Maps of where, how, and what kind of activity will be carried out At the earliest stage these are all the requirements for the application of obtaining an exploratory perimeter. The interested company can select its area of future activity. Screenshot of the application portal. 16
URUGUAY Invitation Exploratory licensing happens periodically (each semester) within the OPEN URUGUAY ROUND E&P Program, managed by ANCAP (state-owned company, natural resources administrator) There is no direct negotiation system (like in Chile), only semestrial bidding rounds Low qualification criteria and reduced guarantees Moderate work commitments required (companies can have an area for 6 years before committing a well) They use Production Sharing Agreements (PSAs) once commercial discovery is made. Data room tours can be arranged, also virtually Each round offers several areas. One company can apply for maximum 4. This presentation only considers onshore projects. Contact point: rondauruguay@ancap.com.uy Financial Requirements (to the attention of investors): Screenshot from ANCAP s invitation presentation. (Financial requirements for applying for exploration perimeters) 17
URUGUAY Invitation Participants that pay the entry fee are given: LAS files of the most prominent wells in the country, 2D seismic (some with reprocessing), well reports, regional geological description, gravimetry, magnetometry Exploration perimeters are awarded as a function of who is willing to invest more (geophysical surveys, drilling, etc.) Legal Framework: Decree Law N 14.181 Hydrocarbons Law, Mining Code Law N 15.242, Law 18.083 Tax System Hydrocarbons sold at international market prices Final remarks: Generally unexplored area, many play types yet to be tested Data room tours can be booked at any time Relatively low cost exploratory program requirements Relatively efficient administration process (low level of red-tape) Screenshot from ANCAP s invitation presentation. (Technical requirements for applying for exploration perimeters) 18
ARGENTINA No central regulatory organization (like a NAMR) Licensing procedures are conducted within each province, by their own rules. Nevertheless, they share plenty the same key points Licensing can happen only via bidding process. Usually there are two rounds each year. In terms of potential discoveries, there is high probability of finding both conventional and unconventional (shale) resources. Online you can find lists of exploratory perimeters and the kind of data that the local state-owned companies can offer when participating https://www.gypnqn.com.ar/plan_exploratorio.php?tab=pen_3 (example of data available for Neuqu n areas) https://www.gypnqn.com.ar/plan_exploratorio.php?tab=pen_4 , https://www.gypnqn.com.ar/activos_participaciones.php (Maps of available acreage) https://www.gypnqn.com.ar/plan_exploratorio.php?tab=pen_5 (Main document explaining the rules and methodology of the bidding process) Contact point for bidding processes: planexploratorio@gypnqn.com.ar Mr. Esteban Ventisky will be hired and appointed regional manager. He is a geologist. 19
FINAL CONCLUDING REMARKS Significant number of untapped exploration opportunities worldwide still exist, outside of the Middle East. We would like to focus on areas where there are no major security risks. Our team can scan the whole world, read the legal basis and start drafting plans, provided that we have the financial backing. Corporate ownership is up for sale in order to raise the required equity. The management wouldn t mind reincorporating the firm in another jurisdiction if that is a request by the financial backers. Looking forward to hearing your thoughts! CONTACT US: E-Mail: office@kareda.ro , investors@kareda.ro Website: www.kareda.ro 20
